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23  WIST  MAM  STMIT 

VniSTIR,N.Y.  14$W 

(7U)«72-4S03 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  lyiicroroproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibiiographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
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copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


r~n   Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommagAe 


□   Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurte  et/ou  pelliculte 


n 


Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


I      I   Coloured  maps/ 


Cartes  gAographiques  en  couleur 


□   Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

I — I   Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 


D 
D 


D 


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L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  AtA  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mAthode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiqufo  ci-dessous. 


|~~|   Coloured  pages/ 


D 


Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli6  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  jr  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reliure  serrAe  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  int^rieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
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II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  aJoutAes 
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mais,  lorsque  cela  Atait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  M  filmtes. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppl6mentaires: 

This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  filmA  au  taux  de  reduction  indiquA  ci-dessous. 


Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommag^es 


□    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaur^es  et/ou  pellicul6es 


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Only  edition  available/ 
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I     I  Pages  detached/ 

I      I  Showthrough/ 

I     I  Quality  of  print  varies/ 

I     I  Includes  supplementary  material/ 

I — I  Only  edition  available/ 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  6t6  filmAes  A  nouveau  de  fapon  A 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


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The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Library  of  Congress 
Photoduplication  Service 

The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibillty 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  Illustrated  Impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  Impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  Impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — »*  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  ▼  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

IMaps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  In  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


L'exempiaire  fiimA  fut  reproduit  grAce  A  la 
g^nirosltA  de: 

Library  of  Congress 
Photoduplication  Service 

Les  images  suivantes  ont  AtA  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  at 
de  la  nettet6  de  l'exempiaire  filmA,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
fiimage. 

Les  exemplaires  origlnaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
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par  le  premier  plat  et  en  termlnant  solt  par  la 
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d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  solt  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
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premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  emprelnte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  termlnant  par 
la  dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
emprelnte. 

Un  des  symboies  sulvants  apparaftra  sur  la 
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cas:  le  symbols  —►  signlfie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  ▼  signlfie  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
fllmfo  A  des  taux  de  reduction  diff Arents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
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de  I'angle  supArieur  geuche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
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WIjTH  A  MAP  AND  PLATES, 


GENERAL  DIRECTIONS  FOR  REACHING  MINERAL  SPRINGS. 


p].  MOORMAN,  M.  D. 

Rtsidtnt  Physician  at  the  White  Sulphur,  Lecturer  on  Anatomy 
and  Pbyiiohgy  in  Roanoke  College,  Fa.,  ^c„  i^c. 

mi     j 

KELLY    &    PIET. 

1867. 


i»^±£i^ 


i—iniir-ii.-Mii-iini    in  mill  II    (Miihua 


'•«pi 


r^ 


Entered,  Moonllog  to  Act  of  Congreai,  In  the  year  1887,  by 

KELLT    k   PIET, 

In  the  Olerk'a  Offloe  of  the  Dlitrlot  Court  of  HarjrUnd. 


•     ■• 


by 


8.  D.  GROSS,  M.  D. 

PROFEBSOH  OF  BCROERT  IN  JEFFERSON  UEDICAL 
COLLEGE,  PHILADELPHIA, 

In  tMtimbny  of  a 

high  appreflittion  of  hti  head 

and  heart— ai  an  humble  tribitte  to  hli 

diitlngulthcd  ability  ai  a  Teacher,  Author  and  Frao- 

tiUoner  of  the  Healing  Art ;  and  under  the 

prooptlngt  of  a  long-cherlihed 

penonal  friendihlp, 

THIS   rOLUUB 

U  HOST  BIIFIOTrVLLT  IHIOBIBID. 

The  Author. 


T^M^saW?-!**;-:  - 


'mmmt»mmmmmmF!iff^''ffH!!^K^ 


^ 


o 

tl 

tl 

O] 

tl 

»3 

di 
tb 
tfa 
ai 

m: 
mi 
qu 
ci( 


rtwanii^iiiwwi'iiii^'i'^iffi**"'***''  "' 


TO    THE   PUBLIC. 


TjlOR  more  tlian  thirty  years  1  have  directed  special  attention 
1  to  the  investigation  of  the  nature  and  medichial  applicability 
of  mineral  waters.  During  this  thne,  I  have  resided,  throughout 
the  waterhig  season,  at  the  White  Sulphur  Springs,  where,  In 
the  character  of  Resident  Physician,  I. have  enjoyed  ample 
opportunities  of  witnessing  the  various  and  modified  effects  of 
the  water,  ta  almost  every  variety  of  disease,  and  state  of  the 
system. 

Although  my  attention,  during  this  time,  has  been  especiaUy 
dh^ted  to  the  investigation  of  tie  character  of  the  water  of 
that  spring,  I  have  not  neglected  the  other  valuable  waters  of 
the  country,  nor  faUed  to  appreciate  their  various  peculiarities, 
and  theh-  relative  and  positive  merits. 

WhUe  my  position  has  enabled  me  to  witness  the  virtues  of 
mineral  waters  in  diseases,  it  has,  at  the  same  time,  ftiUy  satisfied 
me  not  only  that  their  good  effects  are  often  lost,  but  that  conse-  • 
quences  highly  injurious  occasionaUy  result  from  their  ii^udi- 
cious  use. 


6  TO  TAB  PUBUO. 

.  Impressed  with  the  importance  of  aiTesting  the  abuse  of  the 
White  Sulphur  waters,  and  of  leading  to  a  more  correct  admin- 
istration of  them,  I  published,  in  1839,  a  pamphlet  designed  as  a 
"  Directory  "  for  the  use  of  these  waters.  It  was  with  diflSdence 
I  undertook  this  pioneer  effort  in  a  field  so  entirely  unexplored; 
for,  although  thousands  of  invalids  had,  for  more  than  half  a 
century,  annually  resorted  to  these  wateid,  up  to  the  period  of 
issuing  the  "Directory,"  not  a  line  had  ever  been  published, 
relative  to  their  medicinal  applicability,  or  the  proper  methods 
of  prescribing  them. 

Satisfied  from  experience,  that  the  little  e/ort  alluded  to  was 
not  without  beneficial  effects  in  guiding  to  a  more  prudent  use 
of  the  waters,  I  published,  in  1846,  a  small  volume  entitled 
"  Virginia  Springs,"  and  designed  to  embrace  what  was  then 
known  of  the  various  mineral  springs  in  Virginia. 

In  1855,  and  again  in  1857,  new  and  enlaiged  editions  of  the 
work  were  issued.  In  1859,  the  previous  editions  having  been- 
exhausted,  a  new  one,  much  enlarged,  and  embractag  not  only 
the  Virgmia  Sprhigs,  but  also  the  Springs  of  the  Southern  and 
Western  States,  was  issued  under  the  title  of  the  "Virginia 
Springs  and  Springs  of  the  South  and  Wat"  This  work  being 
now  out  of  print,  I  have  the  pleasure  to  present  to  the  public,  in 
continuation  of  my  labors  hi  this  field  of  inquiry,  the  present 
volume  on  the  "Mineral  Springs  of  the  United  States  and 
Canada." 

A  gratifying  public  appreciation,  and  generous  demand  for  my 
previous  volumes,  have  encouraged  me  to  r  more  extensive  in- 


-   "'i'i*«>iliiiffiWtf2))ffi» 


buse  of  the 
rect  odmin- 
signed  as  a 
li  difSdeuce 
nexplored ; 
than  half  a 
e  period  of 
published, 
icr  methods 

ided  to  was 
prudent  use 
me  entitled 
it  was  then 

itions  of  the 
laving  been- 
ig  not  only 
}uthem  and 
le  ^^  Virginia 
work  being 
be  public,  in 
the  present 
States  and 

mandformy 
extensive  in- 


TO  THE  POBUC.  7 

yestigation  of  the  mineral  waters  of  the  coimtry,  and  to  make 
the  present  volume  embrace  the  entire  series  of  mineral  springs 
of  North  America  that  are  known  and  regarded  a»  placet  ofpuNie 
Toletudinarg  andpleamre  retort.  I  have  been  led  to  do  so  from  a 
belief  that  a  work  comprehending  in  one  treatise  all  the  mineral 
waters  of  our  continent  would  not  fail  to  be  an  acceptable  addi- 
tion to  our  Spring  literature. 

The  amount  of  reUable  information  that  has  been  made  pubUc 
in  relation  to  the  numerous  mineral  fountains  of  America,  is 
lamentably  small,  hi  reference  to  the  hnportance  of  the  subject. 
There  have  been  various  essays,  and  pamphlet  publications  in 
reference  to  hidividual  springs,  and  in  a  few  instances,  volumes 
have  been  published  of  extensive  groups  of  springs,  such  as  Dr 
Steele's  Analysis  of  the  Saratoga  Waters,  and  the  previous 
volumes  of  the  author  on  the  Sprbgs  of  Virginia  and  of  the 
Southern  and  Western  States  of  the  Union.  But  with  the  ex- 
ception of  Dr.  Bell's  valuable  volumes  on  "Baths  and  Mineral 
Waters,"  and  on  the  "Mineral  and  Thermal  Springs  of  the 
United  States  and  Canada,"-  no  effort  has  heretofore  been  made 
to  group  iiito  one  treatise  the  history,  location,  analysis,  medi- 
cinal adaptations,  &c.,  &c.,  of  the  entire  mineral  springs  of  the 
country. 

In  a  notice  so  extensive  of  mineral  fountains,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  those  of  which  I  have  a  personal  knowledge,  I  have 
necessarily  had  to  depend  largely  upon  the  observations  and  ' 
writings  of  others;  and,  m  this  connection,  I  desire  to  express 
my  obligations  especially,  to  the  labors  of  my  esteemed  friend, 


H'HI 


mtmmmmm'~' 


8 


TO  THE  PUBLIC. 


5 


Dr.  Bell,  of  Philadelphia,  from  whose  works  I  have  derived  im- 
portant facilities. 

In  treating  of  springs  as  medicinal  agents,  (and  it  is  in  that 
point  of  view  only  that  1  have  proposed  to  treat  of  them,)  it  has 
been  my  earnest  effort  to  present  them  before  the  public  in  an 
aspect  as  full  and  impartial  as  was  possible.  So  far  as  the 
author's  personal  knowledge  and  experience,  or  reliable  informa- 
tion obtained  fl-om  other  sources,  have  enabled  him  to  do  so,  he 
has  discharged  the  task  with  fidelity. 

It  is  to  be  regretted  that  no  analysis  has  yet  been  made  of 
many  of  the  mineral  fountains  of  the  country,  whose  rising  im- 
portance deserve  such  chemical  test.  Nor  have  these  fountains, 
88  yet,  furnished,  from  observation,  such  reliable  record  of  their 
adaptations  as  is  desirable  in  forming  a  proper  appreciation  of 
their  merits;  hence,  in  reference  to  the  precise  quality  and 
adaptations  of  such  springs,  we  are  necessarily  left  to  inferences 
based  upon  analogies  and  somewhat  uncertain  comparisons. 

The  absence  of  an  analysis  of  a.  mineral  water  is  less  td  be 
regretted,  if  a  fair  and  reliable  record  of  its  virtues  and  appro- 
priate medical  uses  be  obtained;  for  it  is  only  by  multiplied 
&cts,  that  is,  by  ea^ierienee  of  its  use,  that  we  can  speak  positively 
of  its  effects.  This  being  so,  it  is  of  especial  importance  that 
there  should  be  an  intelligent  Resident  Physician  at  each  foun- 
tain, who  would  make  it  his  duty  careftally  to  note  the  character 
of  the  various  diseases  submitted  to  its  use,  and  the  effects  of  the 
water  upon  each  case.    Under  such  a  system,  each  fountain 


t»:itfe<iuasg.*vjtfj-t.*ftW^(ai^'^^i«^-feaaaj!*ow 


TO  THB  fVBLlC. 


9 


derived  im- 

t  is  in  tliat 
Iiem,)  it  has 
)ublic  in  an 
far  as  the 
i)le  informa- 
to  do  so,  he 

een  made  of 
)  rising  im- 
e  fountains, 
ord  of  their 
reciation  of 
{uality  and 
0  inferences 
urisons. 

i  less  td  be 
and  appro- 
multiplied 
k  positively 
trtance  that 
t  each  foun- 
le  character 
fleets  of  the 
:h  fountain 


would  soon  establish  a  reliable  record  for  itself;  the  invalid  would 
be  greatly  assisted  in  his  selecUon  of  the  proper  agent  to  which 
he  should  resort,  and  the  just  character  of  each  water  be  pro- 
^  perly  understood,  and  pkced  upon  a  firm  and  stable  foundation. 
This  field  of  observation  offers  large  and  exciting  motives  to  a 
proper  medical  ambition;  for  such,  as  a  general  thing,  has 
hitherto  been  the  wUd  and  hap-hazard  empiricism  in  the  use  of 
mfaieral  waters  in  America,  and  such  is  the  unportance  of  so 
classifying  and  systemizmg  their  uses,  that  the^  may  be  pre- 
scribed understandhigly  and  safely,  that  he,  who  may  contribute 
to  this  end,  and  thus  render  them  the  safe,  certam  and  effective 
remedies  they  were  designed  tobe  bjra  beneficent  Providence, 
may  weU  feel  that  he  has  neither  lived  nor  labored  in  vain  in  his 
generation. 

I  wiU  only  add,  that  I  have  endeavored,  in  getting  up  this 
work,  to  adhere  to  the  plain,  unassuming,  practical  method, 
which  was,  I  think,  a  characteristic  distinction  of  my  previous 
volumes,  and  perhaps  their  chief  merit. 

It  has  been  my  earnest  desire  to  place  in  the  hands  of  the 
public,  and  espedaUy  of  invalids,  a  short  and  easy,  but  a  con- 
densed and  comprehensive,  account  of  the  mineral  springs  of 
the  American  continent,  and  to  indicate  with  candor,  and  with 
as  much  plainness  as  possible,  their  nature  and  medicinal  appli- 
cability. 

Wherever  I  could,  with  advantage  to  the  public,  I  have  avaUed 
myself  of  the  observations  of  others,  and  I  claim  at  the  ii^ndit 


10 


TO  THB  PUBLIC. 

• 


of  my  readers  this  award  of  merit,  at  least:  of  having  honttO^ 
endeawrtd  to  make  my  humNe  labort  convenient  and  praetkaUy 
vaiucMi  to  them;  not  by  dazzling,  but  imcertain  theories,  nor  by 
creating  hopes  that  might  end  in  sad  disappointment,  bat  by 
pbiin,  practical  &cts  in  relation  to  the  nature  and  proper  uses  of 
our  various  mineral  waters. 

In  arranging  the  matter  for  the  volume,  I  shall  treat  of  the 
waters  under  the  heads  of  the  States  in  which  they  are  respec- 
tively found ;  and  have  preferred  to  introduce  the  States,  rather 
in  the  order  of  their  mineral  water  similitudes,  than  in  the  usual 
geographical  or  jwlitical  order  in  which  they  are  generally  made 
to  stand.  Hence,  I  shall  first  treat  of  the  Waters  of  Yirghiia, 
and  of  the  Western  and  Southern  States ;  and  then  of  those  of 
the  North  and  East,  commencing  with  the  great  Mineral  Water 
State  of  New  York. 

I  have  intentionally  avoided  in  this,  as  in  my  previous  volumes, 
all  criticisms  upon  the  improvements  of  spring  property,  or  of 
the  character  of  the  accommodations  at  the  several  springs. 
Such  criticism,  in  a  printed  voluine  intended  for  reference  long 
after  its  issue  from  the  press,  would  be  likely  to  mislead,  and 
probably  do  great  injustice;  inasmuch  as  improvements,  now 
fitttlty,  may,  before  the  next  season,  be  rendered  very  comfort- 
able; and  bad  hotel  accommodations  are  often  amended  in  a  day 
by  a  change  of  landlord  or  manager.  It  is  of  the  naiure  and 
medieinai  apptieability  of  mineral  waters  that  I  have  felt  called 
iqwn  to  write ;  and  this  I  have  done  without  pnijudice,  fear  or 


favoi 
sprii 
sonal 
rclial 

It 

aree: 
honei 
thep: 


Wi 


i'!iiiMMiMlilMi>M«n* 


«(iiliii)M«lBitiiJ*iiiiii: : 


tting  honttOy 
nd  prattieaUy 
eoriee,  nor  by 
ment,  bat  by 
proper  uses  of 

U  treat  of  the 
ey  are  respec- 
States,  rather 
n  in  the  usual 
enerally  nuule 
B  of  Virginia, 
en  of  those  of 
lineral  Water 

rious  volumes, 
)roperty,  or  of 
reral  springs, 
reference  long 
)  mislead,  and 
rements,  now 
very  comfort- 
inded  in  a  day 
le  TMiure  and 
iiVe  felt  called 
iudice,  fear  or 


TO  THE  PUBLIC. 

favor;  having  no  interest,  dli-cctly  or  indirectly,  in  any  of  the 
springs,  and  influence<l  alone  in  my  esthnation  of  them  by  per- 
sonal observation,  or,  when  this  has  been  wsntlng,  from  the  most 
reliable  information  I  could  obtain. 

I  am  not  vain  enough  to  suppos*  that  none  of  my  opinions 
are  erroneous ;  to  err  is  both  human  and  common ;  but  upon  the 
honest  integrity  with  which  they  have  been  formed,  the  invaUd, 
the  profession,  and  the  general  public  may  rely. 


J.  J.  MOORMAN, 


Whitb  SvLPHtm  SPBmos,  April,  1867, 


■**■*  tft-BWaMqwirtii  » iwijjifiMiii!*  ilM  i  umtmiimnumvnm  iiigiiniiiW!' 


!afij*i»»jyttiw»Wiiw<i><'ii>«**«i^ 


.,  .:,.**U..,0*ili! 


CONTENTS. 


CHAPTER  I. 

MINERAL  WATERS  IN  G*NEBAL. 


Early  Use  of,  &c.,  Ac.— Experience  the  only  Guide  in  the 
Adminiatration-Medical  Efficacy,  &c.— Modus  Operandi, 
Ac-Length  of  Time  t6  be  Used,  Ac-General  Remarks' 
on  Administration,  Ac,  Ac gg 


CHAPTER  II. 

MINERAL  WATERS  IN  GENERAL  CONTINITED. 

Resemblance  to  Mercury,  Ac-Errors  and  Abuses  of  Mineral 
Waters,  Ac,  Ac-Liability  to  Error  in  Reference  to  Sul- 
phur Waters-Changing  from  Spring  to  Spring-Dress- 
Dietr-Ezercise,  Ac,  Ac. >^ 

CHAPTER  m. 

Use  of  Medicines  and  Different  Mineral   \[alen-Fn- 
BcriWng  Mineral  Waters. 


iM 


u 


CONTENTS. 


CHAPTER  IV. 

VinGINIA    SPRINGS. 

Routes  to  the  Virginia  Springs 


.    78 


CHAPTER  V. 

WniTB  SULPHUR  SPRINGS. 

Location  and  General  Cliaracteristlca— Its  Strength  Uni- 
formly the  Same— Does  not  Lose  its  Strength  by  Parting 
with  Us  Gas— Does  not  Deposit  Its  Salts  when  Quiescent- 
Its  Gas  Fatal  to  Fish— Its  Early  History— Known  to  the 
Indians  as  a  "Medicine  Water"— First  Used  by  the 
Whites  in  1778— Progress  of  Improvement  and  Present 
Condition— Analysis  of  Mr.  Hays  and  Professor  Rogers. . 


77 


CHAPTER  VI. 

The  Relative  Virtues  of  the  SaUne  and  Gaseous  Contents  of 
the  White  Sulphur  Water W 


CHAPTER  VIL 

GENERAL    DIRECTIONS    FOR    THE  USE   OF    THE  WHITE 
SULPHUR  WATER. 

Directions  Meant  to  be  General,  not  Specific— Must  not 
Look  to  the  Sensible  Operations  of  the  Water  for  Its  Best 
Effects— Moderate  or  Sniall  Quantities  Generally  Prefer- 
able—The  Best  Time  for  Taking  it— Length  of  Time  for 


8 
C 


VAOI. 

.     78 


;th  Unl- 
Parting 

lescent — 

m  to  tho 
by  the 
Present 

iiogers. . 


ntentB  of 


77 


01 


B  WHITE 


aust  not 
r  its  Best 
y  Prefer- 
Time  for 


CONTENTS. 


•16 


MM. 


which  It  should  be  Used— Necessary  Preparations  of  tlio 
System  for  the  Use  of  tho  Water— Sensible  Medicinal 
Effects  of  tho  Water— Effects  on  the  Pulse— Synopsis  of 
Rules  to  be  Observed— Use  of  Baths 106 


CHAPTER  Vin. 

DI8EABBB  IN  WHICH  THE  WHITE  SULPHITB  WATEB  MAT, 
OB  MAT  NOT,  BE  USEFULLT  FBESCBIBED. 

2)y«pep»&i—Q8str8lgla— Water  Brash— Chronic  Gastro-En- 
•teritis— Diseases  of.the  Liver— Jaundice— Enlargement  of 
the  Spleen— Chronic  Irritation  of  the'Bowels— Costive- 
ness—PUes— Diseases  of  the  Urinary  Organs— Chronic 
Inflammation  of  the  Kidneys— Diabetes.  Femak  Disecuea : 
Amenorrhoea —  Dysmenorrhoaa — Chlorosis —  Lucorrhoea — 
Chronic  Affections  of  the  Brain— Nervous  Diseases- 
Paralysis— Some  Forms  of  Chronic  Diseases  of  tho  Chest, 
or  Breast  Complahits,  (to  be  avoided  in  Pulmonary  Con- 

■  sumption,)— Bronchitis— Clironic  Diseases  of  the  SWn, 
Psoriasis,  Lepra,  Ill-Conditioned  Ulcers— Rheumatism 
and  Gout— Dropsies— Scrofula— Mercurial  Diseases^ 
Erysipelas— Not  to  be  Used  in  Diseases  of  the  Heart,  or 
in  Schirrus  and  Cancer 124 

Society  and  its  Amuaements  at  ^  WhiteSu^ur 103 

Chalybeate  Spring  at  the  White  Sulphur 108 


16  C0NTBN1S. 

CHAPTER  IX. 

BALT  8ULPBVR  SPRIKOa 

FAOI. 

Situation  and  Early  History— Analysis  by  Professor  Rodgers 
—Medical  Applicability  of  the  Waters— Iodine  or  New 
Spring— Analysis  by  Dr.  Stewart,  &c.,  &c 200 

CHAPTER  X. 

BED  SVLFHTTR  BPRINOS. 

Situation  and   Improvements — Analysis — Adaptation  to 
Diseases,  &c.,  &c '. 200 

New  River  White  Sulphur  Springs '. 224 

Blue  Sulphur  Spring 22S 

CHAPTER  XI. 

.      8WEET    BPBIirOS. 

Situation  and  Early  History— Former  and  Present  Improve- 
ments—Analysis—Effects of  the  Waters— Adaptations  of 
the  Waters  as  a  Beverage  and  as  a  Bath,  &c.,  4c 226 

CHAPTER  XII. 

BWEBT  CBALTBBATB,  OB  BED  SWEET  8PBIHGB. 

Their  Analysis— Nature  and  Adaptations  of  the  Waters  as  a 
Beverage  and  a  Bath— Artificial  Warm  Baths,  &c.,  &c. . .  285 


H 


El 


Ai 


mamummmimiiiitMmmmmimmm 


jffffeseiMi 


CONTENM. 


n 


PikOI. 


todgen 

T  New 


200 


ion  to 
200 

224 


rove- 
ns  of 


226 


asa 
c... 


CHAPTER  XIII. 

nOT  BPRIN08. 

Effects  of  the  Water  Internally  and  Externally  UBcd— 
Analysis— Diseases  to  which  they  are  Applicable— Specu- 
lations on  their  Thermalization,  &c.,  &c 24S 

CHAPTER  XIV. 

WARM  BFRINGB. 

Analysis— Time  and  Manner  of  Using— Diseases  for  which 
Employed,  .&c.,  &c 254 

CHAPTER  XV. 

HEALINO    8PBIH0B. 

History  and  Description- Therapeutic  Action— DisejwcB  for 
which  it  may  be  prescribed,  4;c.,  &c. aei 

CHAPTER  XVI. 

BOCKBRIDOB  ALUM    BFRIMOB. 

Early  History  and  Description— ^nailyw^  and  Remarks  on 
Aiudytii — The  Name  Alum  a  Misnomer,  &c. — Thera- 
peutic Effects  of  the  Waters— Diseases  in  which  they  arc 
Employed— Their  Excellent  Effects  \a.  Scroflila,  &c.,  &c. .  260 

CHAPTER  XVn. 

BATH    ALUM    BPBINOS. 

Analysfa— Diseases  and  States  of  the  System  in  which  they 

may  be  Preacribed ^80 

2» 


'*'.45ffSPj 


f 


18 


CONTENTS 


CHAPTER  XVJIL 

PAQI. 

Rockbridge  Baths Si«fll 

Daggar'B  Springs 296 

Cold  Sulphur  Springg 800 

Stribling  Springs 801 

CHAPTER  XIX.    . 

Rawley's  Springs 805 

Burner's  Springs,  or  Seven  Fountains 807 

Jordan's  White  Sulphur  Springs •  •  800 

Shannondale  Springs 813 

CHAPTER  XX. 

BATH,  OR  BERKELEY  BPRIHOS. 

Early  History— Extract  from  General  Washington's  Will, 
&c.— Bath  and  Bathing  House*— Medicinal  Properties  of 

the  Waters— Diseases  for  which  Used,  &c 814 

Orrick's  Springs 828 

Capon  Springs ' 888 

CHAPTER  XXI. 

Coiner's  Black  and  White  Sulphur 828 

Roanoke  Red  Sulphur. 880 

Blue  Ridge  Springs 831 

Alleghany  Springs 887 

Montgomery  White  Sulphur  Springs. 841 


"^tmitiumma 


nfeatoawe  .'M  (rii«lii«lifiiiliTiiWJlMKB;iaaaifer.. , 


CONTENTS. 


19 


PAOI. 

SI95 

290 

800 

801 

805 

807 

..  800 

813 

B  Win, 
rtiea  of 
814 

828 

828 

828 

880 

831 

.......  887 

841 


CHAPTER  XXII. 

YELLOW    BPRINOB. 

FASI. 

Pulaski  Alum  SpringH 844 

Grayson  Sulphur  Springs 8A0 

Holston  Springs Sfli 

CHAPTER  XXIII. 

Fauquier  White  Sulphur 854 

Buffalo  Springs 856 

Huguenot  Springs ., 860 

New  London  Alum  Springs ", 861 

CHAPTER  XXIV. 

BPBrNGB  or  KENTLTKT. 

Harrodsburg— Rochester—Olympian— Blue  Lick— Estill. . .  865 
CHAPTER  XXV. 

MINERAL  BFniMGS.OF  OHIO. 

Ohio  White  Sulphur— Its  History,  Improvements,  &c.,  (fee- 
Analyses— Medicinal  Adaptations,  &c.,  &c 871 

Saline  Chalybeate  Spring 882 

Yellow  Spring 388 

Westport  Spring 884 

CHAPTER  XXVI. 

BPRING8  OF  TEMNESeBE. 

White's  Creek  Spring-Robertson's-Winchester-Beersheba 
— Montvale — Tate's — Lee's  Sulphur  and  Chalybeate- 
Alum  Springs— Warm  Springs  on  the  French  Broad 885 


a'"(  1   i 


20 


CONTENTS. 


CHAPTER  XXVII. 

BFRINOS  OF  NORTH  CAROLINA. 


tAOK. 


"Warm  and  Hot  Springs  of  Buncombe — Shocco  Spr'ngs — 
Jones'    White     Sulphur     and    Chalyljeate—KittreU's     . 
Springs 891 


CHAPTER  XXVIII. 

BFRINGS  OF  BOITTH  CAROLINA. 

Glenn's— West's— Springs  in  Abbeville  and  Laurens  Dis- 
trict, &c.— Chick's  Springs— Williamstown  Springs— Ar- 
tesian Well  in  Charleston,  &c 806 


Si 


CHAPTER  XXIX. 

SPRIN.as    IN    OBORGIA. 

Indian — Madison — Warm    Springs — Gordon's — Catoosa 
Springs 


CHAPTER  XXX. 

SPRINGS  OV    ALABAUA. 

Bladen  Springs-^Bailey's—Tallahatta  Springs. 


401 


CHAPTER  XXXI. 

8FRIN08    OF     WSSISSIPPI. 

Cooper's  WeU— Ocean  Springs 


...  408 


Im] 

K 

Di» 
A 

S] 


Shai 


.mum 


liiMiil 


-^-—■^ 


CONTBNIS. 


21 


tAOK. 


"ngs— 
ittrell'a 


801 


s  Dis- 

8— Ar- 


CHAPTER  XXXII. 


BPBINOa    OF    ABKANSAS. 

Washita  Hot  Springs 

Springs  of  Florida 


.  408 
.  417 


CHAPTER  XXXni. 

MraSBAL  BPBISaS  OP  NB'V  TOBK. 

Saratoga  and  Ballston  Group-Congress-Putnum-PavU. 
lion-Union-High  Rock-Iodine-Pkt  Rock-Hamilton 
Washington-Empire-^,  Balkton:  Sans  Souci-Low's 
WeU-Park  WeU-New  and  Old  Washington  Springs- 
Sulphur  Springs-Classification  of  Waters-GeoloS 
Position-Thennalization  of  Waters-Analyses  of  the 

Various  Springs,  &c.,  &c. 

• 418 


atoosa 


401 


408 


CHAPTER  XXXrV. 

iraW  TOBK  MINBBAL  WATBB8  COSTnTOED. 

Improper  Uses  of  the  Saratoga  Waters  and  its  Evil^In- 

IT     .'i?  ""'  '='™"  °'  ^P^^''  •«  *°  *»»«  Nature 
and  Use  of  Mfaieral  Waters ^^ 

Disea^  forwhich  the  Saratoga  Waters  may  be  P«scri'bedl 
Albany  Artesian  WeU-Reed's  Mineral  Spring-Halleck's 

opring,  &c 

486 

CHAPTER  XXXV. 

NBW  TOBK  SUIPHTJB  8PBING8. 

Sharron  Springs-Avon  Springs ^ 


22 


CONTENTS. 


CHAPTER  XXXVI. 


NEW  YOBK  SULPHUB  AND  ACIDULOUS  SPBtNGS. 


PAai« 


Clifton  Springs— Manllus  Springs-Chlttenango— Messina 
Sulphur  Springs— Manllus  Springs— Auburn  Springs— 
Chappiqua  Springs-Spring  at  Troy-Newburg  Springs 
—Springs  in  Dutcliess  and  Columbia  Counties— Catskill 
Spi-ing-Nanticoke  Spring-Dryden  Spring-Rochester 
Spring— Springs  in  Monroe  County:  Gates,  Mendon  and 
Ogden— Vernon  Springs— Saquoit  Springs— Springs  in 
Niagara  County— Seneca  or  Deer  Lick  •  Spring— Oak 
Orohard  Acid  Spring— Acid  Spring  at  Clifton. 466 


CHAPTER  XXXVn. 

MtSPBAIi  SPBIKGB  OF  PB31H8YI.VANIA. 

Bedford-Fr|6ikfori;-Ohalybeate  Spring  near  Pittsburg- 
York  Ppjlngfr-Carlisle  Springs-Perry  County  Springs- 
IXnlblii*  Gap  an^  Chalybeate  Springs-Fayette  Springs- 
Bath  5,  Chalybeate   Spi-ings-Blossburg  Spring-Ephrata 
%prijtga-Yeliow  Springs-Caledonia  Springs •  •  •  • 


468 


CHAPTER  XXXVin. 

HINBBAIi  BPBING8  OF  VBBMONT. 

^endon  QasoouB  Springs-Newberry  Sulphur  Springft- 
Highgate  Springs— Alburgh  Spring.. •  •  ■  • 

CHAPTER  XXXrX. 

BFBINGS  OF  MASSACHUBBTTS. 


Hopkinton  SpringB— Berkflhire  Soda  Spring. 


484 


'  ■  .m«atmmi>fiJi''mm>mmm«W'i'<mmi>»!ii&   u nniimiiiiii*  tiilii;MiiiiiiniBWi|)|(itll 


iMI 


8^- 


CONTENTS. 


23 


SOB. 

Tkat. 

Messina 

irings — 

Springs 

Gatsldll 

Dcliester 

ion  and 

ings  in 

»g— Oak 

, 456 


CHAPTER  XL. 

MtNEBAL  SFBIN08  OF  NEW  JEB8ET  AND  MAINE- 

Schooley's  Mountain  Spring. 486 

Saline  Lubec  Spring  in  Maine— Dexter  Clialybeate  Spring. .  488 

CHAPTER  XLI. 

.HINBBAL  AND  THERMAL  WATERS  BETWEEN  THE  MTS- 
BI88IFFI  AND  THE  FACIFIC  OCEAN. 

In  California— Oregon— Kansas— New  Mexico— Nebraska- 
Utah,  &c,,  &c 480 


tsburg— 
prings— 
iprings— 
-Ephrata 


468 


CHAPTER  Xtn. 

Table  Exhibiting  the  Thermalization  of  the  Various  Warm 
and  Hot  Springs  of  the  United  States  and  its  Territories. .  500 


CHAPTER  XLin. 

MINERAL  SFBINOB  OF  CANADA. 

Caledonia  Spring*— Charlottesville  Spring— St.  Catharine^s     • 
Artesian  WeUs— Yarennes  Springs-^St.  Leon  Springs— 
Plantagenet  Spring— Citxton  Spring....... 601 


Jprings— 


484 


I  jiiniaaiaiiiiiMiM 


ii»ilMiii,WffifwiJ*"'  #    .:.., 


THE 


ilmml  ^fvin^  of  %  ftiltt^  §Mts, 


CHAPTER  I. 

MINERAL  WATERS  IN  GENERAL. 

Boris  Um  of,  die.,  dic—Experimee  the  mity  Guide  in  the  AdminU- 
traiumr-Medieal  Effleaey—Modm  •  Operandi,  dx.~Length  qf 
Time  to  be  Used— General  Bemarke  on  AdminiitnUim. 

MiNEBAL  waters  rank  among  the  ancient  reme- 
dies used  for  the  cure  of  disease.  The  Greeks, 
who  in  knowledge  of  medicine  were  superior  to 
the  nations  who  had  preceded  them,  regarded 
natural  medicated  waters  as  a  special  hoon  of  the 
Deity,  and  piously  dedicated  them  to  Hercules, 
the  god  of  strength.  They  used  them  for  drink- 
ing, and  for  general  and  topical  bathing.  Hippo- 
crates was  acquainted  with  the  value  and  uses  of 
various  mineral  waters,  and  many  other  Greek 
physicians,  we  are  told,  employed  them  for  nu- 
n^erous  diseases  for  which  they  are  used  at  this 
day. 

With  the  Bomans,  mineral  waters  were  a 
familiar  remedy,  not  only  in  Italy,  but  in  all  the 
countries  over  whicli  that  nation  obtained  do- 
minion.    Mineral  springs  were  eagerly  sought 


26 


MINERAL  WATERS  IN  GENERAL. 


out  in  the  countries  over  which  their  conquests 
from  time  to  time  extended,  and  prompted  hy 
"gratitude  for  the  benefit  which  they  experienced 
from  their  use,  they  decorated  them  with  edifices, 
and  each  fount  was  placed  under  the  protection  pf 
a  tutelary  deity."  (BeU.)  Pliny,  in  his  natural 
history,  treats  of  various  miueraf  waters  aud  their 
uses ;  and  it  is  a  fact  worthy  of  remark,  that  they 
were  highly  recommended  by  various  Koman  phy- 
sicians, in  the  fifth  century,  in  the  same  diseases 
for  which  they  are  at  this  day,  so  much  empldyed 
— particularly  for  nervous  and  rheumatic  diseases, 
and  for  derangements  of  the  liver,  stomach,  and 
skin. 

With  the  modern  nations  of  civilized  Eutope, 
mineral  waters,  both  as  internal  and  external 
remedies,  have  always  been  held  in  high  estima- 
tion. The  national  regulations  that  have  from 
time  to  time  been  adopted  to  investigate  their 
virtues  and  their  appropriate  applicabilityj-^and  to 
guard 'against  their  improper  use,  sufficiently 
manifest  the  importance  that  has  been  attached 
to  thenS  as  remedial  agents.  Henry  IV.,  we  are 
told,  "during  his  youth  had  frequented  the 
Springs  of  the  Pyrenees,  and  witnessing  the 
abuses  in  the  employment  of  so  useful  a  remedy, 
sought  to  correct  them  after  his  ascension  to  the 
throne  of  France.  He  nominated  by  edicts  and 
letters-patent,  in:  1663>  superintendents  and  super- 
intendents-general, who  were  charged  with  the 


( 
( 
e 

^ 
c 
s 

J 


"^isjin^m.wi^m  mmMti^^msMs 


ionquests 
ipted  by 
)erieaced 

edifices, 
lection  pf 
s  natural 
ixid  their 
;hat  they 
aan  phy- 

diseases 
mpldyed 


ach,  and 

Eutope, 
external 
estima- 
ive  from 
te  their 
'^and  to 
Bciently 
attached 
,  we  are 
ted  the 
Ing  the 
remedy, 
1  to  the 
lots  and 
i  Buper- 
ith  the 


DISCOVBRY  OP  THBIR  00N8IITUBNT  PARTS.         27 

entire  control  over  the  use  of  mineral  waters, 
baths,  and  fountains  of  the  kingdom.  Most  of 
the  mineral  springs  and  bathing  establishments 
on  the  continent  of  Europe  are  placed  under  a 
somewhat  similar  sfi'perintendence,  and  a  resident 
physician  is  also  appointed  by  the  eovernment. " 
(Bett.)  :  .     '  «* 

Although  mineral  waters  had  been  favorite 
remedial  agents  with  the  enliahtened  nations  of 
*k?  eftJ^th  for  many  centuries,  It  was  compara- 
tively"~1mt  recently  that  chemistry,  by  minute 
analysis,  was  abli^^S^^etermino  Vi^"  precision 
their  cdnstituent  parts*'*  v, 

In  1670,  the  mineral  wallers  ftf  France  were  first 
fully  analyzed  by  a  comm%onaW^  by  the 
Academy  of  Sciences  at  Parfs  jJbut  ifcwa^ot  until 
1766,  nearly  ^  hundred  ye»\  afterwards,  thai 
Bayen  disooTered  the  means  of  sdn^rating  sulphur 
from  sulphurous  ^ater^-nor  until  1774  Ihat  the 
celebrated  Borgamapn  demonstrated  the  existence 
of  sulphurated  hydr<^en  gas,  Meanwhife,  phy- 
sicians stationed  at  theireveral  wateringl  places 
were  active  in  observing  and  noting  the  iLrious 
operations  of  the  different  waters  on  the  |aman 
system,  and  in  determining,  froik  ezperienA,  the 
various  cases  in  which  they  were  beneficial  br  iu- 

Experience  the  only  sure  Guide  ifi  ihe  Administra- 
tion,  etc, — After  all  that  science  can  effect  in  de- 


-«ii..  'tWiuSyhiiMijUi 


18  MINERAI.  WATBRS  IN  GBNERAL. 

termining  the  component  parts  of  mineral  waters, 
it  is  experience  alone  in  their  use  that  can  be  fully 
relied  upon  as  to  their  specific  effects,  or  applica- 
bility  to  particular  diseases.  Chemical  analysis 
is  important  mainly  as  a  matter  of  general  scien- 
tific knowledge,  and  may  be  so  far  practically 
useful  to  the  physician  as  to  enable  him  to  form 
correct  gentral  views  as  relates  to  the  nature  and 
powers  of  the  remedy ;  but  it  is  fallacious  to  sup- 
pose that  an  analysis,  however  perfect,  can  ever 
enable  the  physician,  in  the  present  state  of  our 
knowledge,  and  in  the  absence  of  practical  observa- 
tion, to  prescribe  a  mineral  water  with  confidence 
or  safety..  An  accurate  knowledge  of  the  com- 
ponent parts^of  mineral  waters  might  do  much,  I 
admit,  to  prevent  the  incessant  mistakes  and  mis- 
chief which  medical  men  commit  in  sending  their 
patients,  hap-hazard,  to  drink  mineral  waters 
which  are  often  unadapted  to  their  cases ;  but  it 
never  can,  in  the  absence  of  experimental  know- 
ledge, qualify  them  for  giving  specific  and  detailed 
directions  for  their  use.  Dr.  John  Bell,  in  his 
valuable  work  on  "  Baths  and  Mineral  Waters," 
has  the  following  sensible  and  judicious  passage 
upon  this  subject:  "  I  wish  not,"  he  says,  ''  to  be 
ranked  among  the  chemical  pliysicians,  who, 
having  discovered  the  proportion  of  each  foreign 
ingredient  in  the  mineral  spring,  and  studied  its 
operation  on  the  economy,  pretend  to  determine 
the  general  e£feot  of  the  compound.    We  may, 


jij.,)iitfiim 


iMilli 


iiiiiiffiiiiigMiilitwii  •  ^ ' 


BXPEEIBITOB  TBB  BfiST  OUIBB. 


39 


1  waters, 
,  be  fully 
applica- 
analysis 
al  soien- 
actically 
>  to  form 
lure  and 
8  to  sup- 
can  ever 
te  of  our 
obaerva- 
tnfidence 
Lhe  corn- 
much,  I 
and  mis- 
ing  their 
1  waters 
i;  but  it 
»1  know- 
detaile^ 
il,  in  his 
Vaters," 
passage 
I,  "  to  be 
IS,  who, 
I  foreign 
idied  its 
eterinine 
Ve  may, 


indeed,  by  a  knowledge  of  the  constituent  parts, 
.  predict  to  a  certain  extent  the  medicinal  power  of 
the  compound  ;  but  it  is  only  by  multiplied  facts, 
that  is,  experience  of  its  use,  that  we  can  speak 
positively  of  its  virtues." 

In  no  other  country,  perhaps,  do  mineral  waters 
abound  in  greater  variety  than  in  the  United 
States,  and  it  is  a  subject  of  sincere  regret,  that 
their  nature,  applicability,  and  proper  method  of 
administration  should  have  been  so  little  studied, 
both  by  physicians  and  the  public  at  large.  It  is 
true  that  certain  opinions  generally  prevail  in  en- 
lightened circles  as  regards  the  curative  powers 
of  some  of  our  more  celebrated  fountains ;  and 
these  opinions,  so  far  as  they  go,  being  generally 
founded  on  experience,  may,  in  the  main,  be  toler- 
ably correct.  Nevertheless,  there  is  a  lamentable 
want  of  information  generally,  and  even  among 
our  more  enlightened  physicians,  as  to  the  specific 
nature  and  adaptation  of  mineral  waters  to  par- 
ticular diseases— \nioTm9X\oix,  the  want  of  which 
must  always  disqualify  for  the  safe  and  confident 
recommendation  of  these  valuable  agents. 

A  perfect  knowledge  of  the  various  influences, 
and  of  the  peculiar  minute  circumstances  that  con- 
trol the  use  of  mineral  waters  in  different  systems, 
as  well  as  the  best  methods  of  using  them  in  cer- 
tain pathological  conditions  of  the  system,  must, 
as  with  all  other  medicines,  be  learned  from  ob- 
servation. Now,  as  physicians  but  rarely  have 
8» 


m 


so 


MINKRAL  VATBBS  IN  0KH8RAL. 


an  opportunity  of  observing  the  use  of  mineral 
waters  for  u  sufficient  length  of  time  and  in  a  suffi- 
cient variety  of  cases,  and  as  but  little  has  been 
written  by  those  who  have  observed  their  effects, 
it  ought  not  to  be  supposed  that  the  medical  pub- 
lic generally  would  be  greatly  enlightened  on  this 
subject. 

I  have  said  that  the  opinions  generally  prevail- 
ing in  enlightened  circles  relative  to  the  curative 
powers  of  our  principal  mineral  fountains,  being 
founded  on  experience,  may,  in  the  main,  be  cor- 
rect. I  would  not  be  understood,  however,  as 
advising  a  reliance  upon  such  <<  popular  fame." 
Information  of  this  kind  is  sufficient  to  awaken 
attention  and  incite  inquiry,  but  certainly  should 
not  be  implicitly  relied  upon  in  individual  cases. 
At  best,  it  is  generally  "  hearsay  "  opinion,  made 
up,  ordinarily,  from  partial  and  empirical  sources ; 
or,  quite  as  likely,  from  the  prejudiced  accounts 
which  are  brought  by  visitors  from  the  different 
watering  places,  and  which  are  aweqnngly  favor- 
able, or  prejudicial,  as  they  may  chance  to  have 
been  benefited  or  worsted,  and  that  without  refer- 
ence to  the  specific  action  of  the  agent,  or  that 
clear  understanding  of  the  pathology  of  the  case, 
which  would  serve  as  a  safe  guide  in  its  applica- 
tion to  others.  Every  physician  knows  how  prone 
persons  are  to  err  in  the  use  of  medicines,  from 
the  supposed  resemblance  of  cases.  Often  am  I 
pained  to  see  persons  persevering  in  the  use  of  a 


n 

B 
V 
I 

n 

(( 

u 
d 

si 
b 

al 

«1 
cs 
tl 
to 
w 

hi 

ri 

01 

he 
bi 
I 

ge 
mi 

mi 

se] 

to 

ie< 


nlngipi 


mineral 
1  a  suffi- 
as  been 

effects, 
ial  pub- 

on  this 

prevail- 
mrative 
B,  being 
,  be  cor- 
iver,  as 
fame." 
awaken 
'  should 
A  cases. 
1,  made 
lources; 
accounts 
tifferent 
y  favor- 
to  have 
It  refer- 
or  that 
he  case, 
ipplica- 
w  prone 
is,  from 
n  am  I 
ise  of  a 


EXPBUVr^  THB  BIPT  OUIDB. 


81 


mineral  water  to  their  evident  prejudice,  and  for 
no  better  reason  than  that  Mr.  or  Mrs.  Such-a-one 
was  cured  of  a  disease  supposed  to  be  similar ;  or, 
by  the  general  recommendation  of  some  medical 
man  who  sent  them  to  the  "mountains"  with  a 
"carte  blanche"  to  use  "some  of  the  mineral 
waters."  Occasionally  it  has  become  my  painful 
duty  to  advise  patients  to  retrace  their  melancholy 
steps  homeward,  without  using  any  of  the  waters, 
because  none  were  adapted  to  their  case. 

Mineral  waters  are  not  a  panacea;  they  act,  like 
all  other  medicines,  by  producing  certain  eJTecta 
upon  the  animal  economy,  and  upon  principles 
capable  of  being  clearly  defined.  .  It  follows,  that 
there  are  various  diseases  and  states  of  the  system 
to  which  they  are  not  only  not  adapted,  but  in 
which  they  would  be  eminently  injurious. 

Some  years  since,  I  was  requested  to  visit  a 
highly  respectable  gentleman,  who  had  just  ar- 
rived at  the  White  Sulphur  with  his  family,  from 
one  of  our  distant  cities.    He  was  in  wretched 
health,  and  sought  my  advice  as  to  the  applica- 
bility of  the  water  to  his  case.    On  examination, 
I  felt  astonished  that  any  medical  man  of  intelli- 
gence should  have  recommended  such  a  case  to 
mineral  waters  for  relief.    I  advised  the  gentle- 
man to  retrace  his  steps  homeward,  and  put  him- 
self under  medical  treatment,  as  he  had  no  time 
to  lose.      Accordingly,  the  ensuing  morning  he 
lecommenced  his  journey  of  seven  hundred  miles 


32 


MnrKRAIi  WATBB8  IN  OBNERAL. 


to  reach  his  homo.  Medicine  did  for  him  what 
mineral  waters  w(  re  not  calculated  to  do,  and  I 
have  since  heard  of  his  entire  recovery.  This 
gentleman  informed  me  that  he  had  heen  influ- 
enced to  undertake  the  distant,  and,  to  him,  pain- 
ful journey,  hy  a  physician  who  had  never  hefore 
prescribed  for  his  case,  and  who  candidly  stated 
to  him  that  he  knew  but  little  of  the  mineral 
waters  of  Virginia;  but  he  had  heard  of  many 
cures  from  their  use,  and  therefore  advised  that  he 
should  hasten  to  give  them  a  trial.  Influenced 
by  this  vague  opinion,  the  unfortunate  invalid  had 
dragged  himself  and  his  family  seven  hundred 
miles,  under  the  vain  hope  of  finding  a  remedy, 
which  the  physician  should,  in  such  a  case,  have 
found  in  his  own  office.  Now  a  little  more  know- 
ledge of  the  nature  of  mineral  waters,  and  a  more 
commendable  caution  in  advising  their  use,  would 
have  prevented  the  heavy  sacrifice  this  gentleman 
incurred.  Nor  is  this  by  ony  means  an  isoloted 
instance ;  my  case-book  furnishes  many  others 
equally  strong,  that  have  come  under  my  observa- 
tion in  the  course  of  my  practice. 

Medical  Efficacy,  etc. — Mineral  waters  are  ex- 
ceedingly valuable  as  medicinal  agents,  are  ap- 
plicable to  a  large  circle  of.cases,  and  will,  unques- 
tionably, jcure  many  which  the  ordinary  remedies 
of  the  shops  will  not.  Nevertheless,  it  should 
always  be  borne  in  mind  that  they  are  not  a 


*M|||M>a>MMMiii«« 


MKOIOAL  KTFICACY. 


83 


him  what 
do,  and  I 
ry.  This 
Men  influ- 
him,  pain- 
)ver  hefore 
dly  stated 
le  mineral 
1  of  many 
led  that  he 
Influenced 
nralid  had 
a  hundred 
a  remedy, 
case,  have 
lore  know- 
ind  a  more 
use,  would 
gentleman 
m  isolated 
iny  others 
ly  observa- 


rs  are  ex- 
)B,  are  ap- 
11,  unques- 
y  remedies 
it  should 
are  not  a 


cathdicon;  that  they  are  not  to  he  used  for  every 
disease;  and  that,  to  be  prescribed  successfully, 
they  must,  like  all  other  medicines,  be  prescribed 
vith  reference  to  the  nature  and  pathology  of  the 
case.  Nor  is  this  caution  ordinarily  more  necessary 
in  using  the  various  medicines  of  the  shops  than  in 
using  the  more  potent  mineral  waters. 

Some  there  are,  I  know,  who  profess  to  be  un- 
believers  in   the  medicinal    activity  of  mineral 
paters,  and  who,  without  denying  the  benefit  that 
is  often  derived  from  visiting  such  fountains,  at- 
tribute the  whole  to  travel,  change  of  air,  exercise, 
relaxation  from  business,  etc.,  etc.    Now,  I  freely 
admit  that  these  are  often  important  agents  in 
the  cure  of  a  large  class  of  cases ;  but,  fiom  long 
experience  at  a  popular  watering  place,  and  the 
numerous  cures  I  have  seen  effected  from  the  water 
itself,  totally  disconnected  with  any  of  the  adjuncts 
allnded  to,  it  Would  be  quite  as  easy  to  convince 
me  that  bark  is  not  tonic,  that ^o^qp  does  not  purge, 
or  that  mercury  will  not  salivate,  as  that  mineral 
waters  may  not  be  an  active  and  potent  means  of 
curing  disease,  entirely  independent  of  the  valu- 
able adjuvants  that  have  been  alluded  to. 

The  advocates  of  the  non-efficacy  of  mineral 
waters  i)«rM,  would  scarcely  persist  in  this  opinion, 
after  seeing  the  large  amount  of  active  medical 
material  obtained  by  evaporation  from  some  of  our 
more  active  waters;  the  white  aidphur,  for  instance, 
which  yields  more  than  one  hundred  and  fifty 


i 


u 


MINBRAL  WATERS  IN  GENERAL. 


grains  to  the  gallon,  and  which,  upon  analysis,  is 
found  to  consist  of  iodine,  sulphur,  the  various 
comhinations  of  soda,  magnesia,  and  other  active 
ingredients.  Would  it  not  be  absurd  to  believe 
that  so  large  an  amount  of  these  efficient  medical 
substances,  as  is  usually  taken  into  the  stomach 
by  those  who  drink  mineral  waters  in  which  they 
abound,  could  fail  to  exert  dk  positive  influence  upon 
the  economy?  My  owii  experience  for  many  years, 
in  the  use  of  such  waters,  enables  me  to  bear  the 
most  unequivocal  testimony  as  to  the  dired  and 
positive  influence  of  many  of  them  upon  the  human 
body.  In  the  language  of  the  celebrated  Patissier 
I  can  unhesitatingly  say,  that,  "  in  the  general, 
mineral  waters  revive  the  languishing  circulation, 
give  a  new  direction  to  the  vital  energies,  re-estab- 
lish the  perspiratory  action  of  the  skin,  bring  back 
to  their  physiological  type  the  vitiated  or  sup- 
pressed secretions,  provoke  salutary  evacuations 
either  by  urine,  or  stool,  or  by  transpiration;  they 
bring  about  in  the  animal  economy  an  intimate 
transmutation — a  profound  change;  they  saturate 
the  sick  body.  How  many  sick  persons,  aban- 
doned by  their  physicians,  have  found  health  at 
mineral  springs?  How  many  individuals,  ex- 
hausted by  violent  diseaee,  have  recovered,  by  a 
journey  to  the  mineral  waters,  their  tone,  mobility, 
and  energy,  to  restore  which,  attempts  in  other 
ways  might  have  been  made  with  less  certitude  of 
success."    And  hence,  most  cordially  do  I  adopt 


.1 
n 
ai 

S 

St 

e( 

P< 
di 

m 

en 

te 

CO 

mi 
mi 
to 
sei 
lai 
vej 
die 
or< 
ela 

by 


'i.J'U'ilU^A'^'.' 


MODUS  OPERANDI. 


35 


aalysis,  is 
,e  various 
ler  active 
to  believe 
it  medical 
i  stomach 
■hich  they 
lence  upon 
any  years, 
3  bear  the 
iirect  and 
he  human 
L  Patissier 
)  general, 
rculation, 
,  re-estab- 
>ring  back 
d  or  sup- 
racuations 
ion;  they 
.  intimate 
f  saturate 
>ns,  aban- 
health  at 
luals,  ex- 
sred,  by  a 
mobility, 
I  in  other 
»rtitttde  of 
lo  I  adopt 


the  sentiments  of  the  distinguished  Dr.  Armstrong 
who,  in  speaking  of  the  medicinal  effipacy  of  min- 
eral waters,  says,  <^I  dare  pledge  my  ward,  that,  if 
tUy  he  ordyfvhy  and  fairly  tried,  they  will  he  found 
am»ig  the  moat  powerful  agents  which  have  ever 
heen  brought  to  the  relief  of  human  maladies." 

Modus  Operandi,  efc.— Various  attempts  have 
.been  made  to  account  for  the  peculiar  eflfects  of 
mineral  waters  upon  the  system.     They  seem  to 
act,  in  the  first  phice,  as  a  simple  hygienic  agent. 
Secondly,  they  act,  in  accordance  with  their  con- 
stituent ingredients,  specifically  on  the  animal 
economy.     Mineral  waters  exert  their  more  im- 
portant influences  upon  the  human  body  upon  a 
diflferent  principle  from  many  of  the  articles  of  the 
materia   medica;    they  are   evidently  absorbed, 
enter  into  the  circulation,  and  change  the  consis- 
tence as, well  as  the  composition  of  the  fluids;  they 
course  through  the  system,  and  apply  the  medical 
materials  which  they  hold  in  solution,  in  the  most 
minute  form  of  subdivision  that  can  be  conceived  of 
to  the  diseased  surfaces  and  tissues ;  they  reach  and 
search  the  most  minute  ramifications  of  the  capil- 
laries, and  remove  the  morbid  condition  of  those 
vessels,  which  are  so  commonly  the  primary  seats  of 
disease.    It  is  thus  that  they  relieve  chronic  dis- 
ordered action,  and  impart  natural  energy  and 
elasticity  to  vessels  that  have  been  distended  either 
by  inflammation  or  congestion^  while  they  com- 


H  I 


Je^ni  i».l»**^»K  s^ 


-4 


9« 


MINEBAL  WATERS  IN  OEKERAL. 


municate  an  energy  to  the  muscular  fibre  and  to 
the  animal  tissues  generally  which  is  not  witnessed 
from  the  administration  of  ordinary  remedies. 

Many  of  the  articles  of  the  materia  medica  seem 
to  act  by  sympathy  and  counter-irritation,  and 
to  cure  one  oiigan  of  the  body  by  irritating  another ; 
thus  calomel,  by  irritating  the  stomach  and  duode- 
num, is  made  to  act  efficiently  upon  the  liver,  to 
which  organ  it  has  a  strong  specific  tendency. 
Not  so,  however,  with  mineral  waters ;  they  never 
cure  one  organ  by  irritating  another.  I  can  with 
confidence  assert,  that  I  have  neyer  seen  mineral 
waters  successfully  used  in  any  case  in  which  they 
kept  up  a  considerable  irritation  upon  any  of  the 
organs  of  the  body. 

Both  physicians  and  patients  are  quite  too  much 
in  "the  habit  of  looking  to  the  immediate  and  aeneir 
Ue  cperationa  of  mineral  waters,  and  of  judging 
of  their  efficacy  from  such  effects.  In  most 
oases,  it  is  serviceable  for  such  agents  to  open  the 
bowels  gently;  and  in  some,  it  is  best  for  them  to 
purge  actively.  Occasionally,  advantage  is  de- 
rived from  promoting  an  increased  flow  of  urine 
or  perspiration ;  but,  as  a  general  rule,  the  greatest 
good  is  derived  from  the  absorption  of  the  water, 
resulting  in  that  "profound  change"  spoken  of 
by  Patissier,  or,  in  other  words,  the  (dieraiive 
action  of  the  remedy.  It  should  always  be  borne 
in  mind  that  this  profound  change — this  alterative 
^edb — ^is   incompatible  with   constant  or.  active 


t 
I 
t 


WHil-gtiftahniltWip 


'    .  ..iiMmiiiii 


iiiritiiiiii^^ 


MODCB  OPBRaNDI. 


37 


bre  and  to 
;  witnessed 
tedies. 
edica  seem 
atlon,  and 
g  another ; 
ind  duode- 
le  liver,  to 

tendency. 

they  never 
I  can  with, 
en  mineral 
iirhich  they 
any  of  the 

e  too  much 
;  and  senai- 
of  judging 
In  most 
bo  open  the 
for  them  to 
tage  is  de- 
>w  of  urine 
;he  greatest 
the  water, 
spoken  of 
i  alteraiive 
ys  be  borne 
is  (lUeraiive 
i  or.  active 


action  of  the  water  upon  any  of  the  emunctories. 
This,  unquestionably,  is  true  as  relates  to  the 
White  Sulphur  Water,  and  I  believe  it  to  be  so 
with  all  alterative  waters. 

So  well  convinced  am  I,  that  the  alterative  actum 
IS  the  real  curative  action  eflTected  by  sulphur 
waters,  in  nine  cases  out  of  ten  where  any  serious 
disease  exists,  that,  ordinarily,  I  am  not  solicitous 
to  obtain  much  daily  increase  of  evacuation  from 
any  of  the  emunctories.  On  the  contrary,  I  ofteii  find 
great  advantage  from  the  administration  of  some 
appropriate  means  to  prevent  the  too  free  action  of 
the  water,  especially  on  the  bowels  and  kidneys. 
As  a  general  rule,  it  is  far  better  that  such  waters 
should  lie  qmetly  upon  the  system,  without  mani- 
festing much  excitement  upon  any  of  the  organs 
and  producing,  at  most,  but  a  small  increase  in 
the  quantity  of  the  ordinary  healthy  evacuations. 
The  quality  or  kind  of  evacuations  produced  by 
mineral  waters  is  a  matter  of  far  more  importance, 
and,  when  strong  sulphur  waters  are  used,  never 
fail  to  evidence  the  existence  and  the  egctent  to 
which  alterative  action  is  going  on  in  the  system, 
and  to  this  persons  using  such  waters  should 
always  pay  a  careful  attention. 

I  have  said  that  the  best  effects  of  mineral 
waters  are  their  alterative  ot  changing  effects  ;  an<l 
that  in  the  administraiion  of  the  White  Sulphur, 
I  do^«ot,  ordinarily,  desire  to  proyoke  much 
increase  of  the  natural  evacuations.  I  do  not 
4 


imnSBAL  WATBBS  at  GENEBAL. 


viS'. 


wish,  however,  to  be  understobd,  by  this  general 
declaration,  as  laying  down  an  absolute  rule  of 
practice  to  govern  all  cases,  nor  to  apply  in 
reference  to  all  waters.  The  administration  of 
mineral  waters,  like  the  administration  of  every 
other  remedy,  should  be  governed  in  reference  to 
the  particular  character  and  demands  of  each  case ; 
and  in  such  discriminating  practice  it  will  some- 
times be  found  best  to  use  them  in  a  manner  to 
produce  active  operations  for  a  short  time.  I 
have,  indeed,  generally  found,  that  those  who  are 
actively  purged  by  mineral  waters,  if  they  have 
strength  to  bear  it,  will  be  best  satisfied  with  the 
remedy  <U  the  time,  and,  in  fact,  are  apt  to  feel 
better  (U  the  time,  than  those  upon  whom  the  water 
is  exerting  but  little  or  no  purgative  effect.  It 
may  be  laid  down  as  a  general  fact,  in  the  use  of 
all  alterative  waters,  subject  to  but  few  exceptions, 
that  those  on  whose  bowels  they  act  freely,  will 
feeLbest  while  at  the  Springs;  while  those  who  are 
but  little  purged,  will  feel  best  after  they  have  h/t 
the  Springs,  and  will,  ordinarily,  enjoy  the  most 
permanent  advantage.  The  reason  of  this  is 
obvious;  in  the  first  case,  the  active  purgation 
throws  off  the  gross  humors  of  the  body,  and  the 
patient  feels  promptly  relieved ;  in  the  other  case, 
the  remedy  lies  upon  the  system,  is  absorbed,  and 
gradually  produces  its  changing  influences — bring- 
ing the  various  secretory  functions  into  a  healthy 
condition — unloading  and  cleansing  the  machinery 


nijtMiir»|iii|lill()»i  if  ij.i|ii|ni 


i>ig>gy^' 


HOW  LOKO  TO  BE  USED. 


39 


is  general 
te  rule  of 

apply  in 
bration  of 
1  of  every 
ference  to 
iach  case ; 
irill  Bome- 
nanner  to 

time.  I 
e  who  are 
;hey  have 
.  with  the 
pt  to  feel 
the  water 
eflfect.  It 
the  use  of 
sceptions, 
eely,  will 
e  who  are 
r  have  Uft 
the  most 
f  this  is 
purgation 
',  and  the 
ther  case, 
rhed,  and 
8 — hring- 
a  healthy 
machinery 


of  the  economy—silently  putting  its  wwha  to 
rights,  and  giving  them  their  natural  and  healthy 
motion.  All  this  requires  time  for  its  accom- 
plishment ;  and  hence,  we  often  hear  persons  say, 
"  I  was  no  hotter  while  at  the  Springs,  hut  I 
hegan  to  mend  soon  after  I  left,  and  have  continued 
hotter  since."  Declarations  of  this  kind  we  con- 
stantly hear  hy  persons  who  have  previously 
visited  alterative  Springs ;  and  they  verify  the 
correctness  of  my  proposition. 

Length  of  Time  to  he  used,  etc.— To  acute  diseases, 
mineral  watercrare  not  adapted  ;  for  all  such  they 
are  too  exciting,  too  prone  to  increase  the  activity 
of  the  circulation,  and  to  stimulate  the  general 
system.  It  is  in  chronic  diseases  only  that  they 
are  found  so  eminently  serviceahle.  By  chronic 
diseases  I  mean  those  slow  diseases  of  the  system 
uniformly  attended  either  with  simple  excUemmt, 
chronic  inflammation,  or  chronic  congestion  of  the 
hjood-vessels.  To  he  permanently  beneficial  in 
diseases  of  this  description,  the  use  of  mineral 
waters,  like  the  disease  for  which  they  are  taken, 
should  be  "chronic."  I  mean  an  instantaneous 
cure  should  not  be  expected ;  but  that  the  remedy 
should  be  persisted  in,  and  the  cure  gradually 
brought  about.  Sulphur  waters,  especially,  may 
be  easily  brought  into  disrepute  by  short  and  im- 
perfect trials  of  them.  To  prove  effectual,  "  they 
should  for  the  most  part  be  continued  dAily^ia 


~..  ■nt.-.l^,  .JBi:.,  jirriitiilliMi 


^>llnii#-W4#rt*jia^$1^^VjT*ii  , 


40 


HTSEBLAh  WATEBS  IN  GENERAL. 


sufficient  quantity  until  the  disease  gives  way,  or 
until  their  inefilcacy  has  been  fairly  proved  by  an 
unremitted  perseverance.  In  some  cases  of  opthal- 
mia,  of  rheumatism,  and  alight  cutaneous  affections, 
I  have  known  them  to  effect  a  cure  in  two  or  three 
weeks,  while  in  other  cases,  apparently  similar  in 
all  respects,  twice,  thrice,  or  even  four  times  that 
period  has  elapsed  before  the  cure  had  been  accom- 
plished ;  and  what  is  here  affirmed  of  these  ex- 
ternal affections,  is  still  more  strongly  applicable 
to  internal  diseases,  which  are  seldom  speedily 
overcome  by  these  waters,  how  completely  soever 
they  may  yield  at  last.  In  illustration  of  this 
point,  as  to  internal  diseases^  it  may  be  mentioned 
that  I  have  seen  both  chronic  inflammation  of  the 
liver,  and  chronic  inflammation  of  the  rectum, 
where  no  benefit  was  produced  for  three  or  four 
weeks,  and  yet  a  contimiation  of  the  waters  for  six 
or  eight  weeks  longer  has  effaced  every  vestige  of 
the  morbid  indications  for  which  they  were  pre- 
scribed."    (Armstrong  on  Sulfur  WcUers.) 

There  is  no  greater  folly  in  the'  use  of  mineral 
waten?^  than  that  of  laying  down  a  definite  period 
of  time  for  which  they  should  he  used,  without  re- 
ference to  their  effects  upon  the  system.  Like  all 
other  medicines,  mineral  waters  should  be  used, 
discontinued,  or  modified  in  their  use,  with  a 
strict  regard  to  their  operations  upon  the  body, 
and  to  their  good  or  bad  effects  upon  the  disease. 
Whenever  prescribed,  their  operations  should  be 


»»jii)jii»i.>i>«i_'i 


ssm^ 


or 


HOW  LONG  TO  BB  USED.  #1 

watched  with  the  same  care  with  which  we  watch 
the  effects  of  any  other  medicine  ;  and  they  should 
be  persevered  in,  or  temporarily  or  permanently 
discontinued,  or  controlled  in  their  action  by  some 
appropriate  adjuvant,  according  to  the  indications 
presented  in  each  case. 

It  will  occur  to  every  reflecting  mind,  that  the 
expectation  of  being  cured,  or  even  essentially 
benefited,  in  an  obstinate  chronic  disease,  from  a 
few  days'  use  of  any  mineral  water,  is  altogether 
unreasonable.     Nevertheless,  I  have  often  seen 
persons  at  watering  places  despairing  of  the  effi- 
cacy of  the  remedy,  simply  because  it  had  not 
produced  an  obvious  and  appreciable  benefit  in  five 
or  six  days.     A  sort  of  stereotyped  opinion  indeed 
prevails  with  numerous  visitors  to  such  places, 
that  the  water  should  not  in  any  case  be  used 
longer  than  two  weeks.    I  scarcely  need  say  that 
this  is  a  most  erroneous  opinion,  and  often  inter- 
poses between  the  patient  and  his  recovery.    It  is 
true,   that  some  who    hold    the    unwarrantable 
opinion    alluded   to,  perseveringly  endeavor    to 
drink  as  much  in  the  *'  two  weeks"  as  they  should 
do  in  six,  but  this  only  serves  in  a  common  way 
to  make  them  abandon  it  four  or  five  days  before 
their  prescribed  time,  by  absolutely  disqualifying 
the  system  for  its  reception  at  all. 

I  can  say,  as  the  result  of  many  years'  observa- 
tion, that  the  White  Sulphur,  which  is  one  of  the 
strongest  sulphur  waters  in   the  world,  rarely 
4* 


0 


IflNERAL  WATEBS  IN  OBNERAL. 


produces  its  full  alterative  effects  withia  two 
weeks,  under  its  most  judicious  administration, 
and  under  favorable  circumstances  for  its  use  ; 
and  that  three,  four,  five,  and  even  eight  weeks 
often  elapse  before  it  has  displayed  its  full  reme- 
dial powers  in  obstinate  cases.  And  such  will  be 
found  to  be  the  case  with  all  alterative  waters. 

General  Semarka  on  the  Administration,  etc. ,  etc. 
Mineral  waters  are  all  etimvlanta  in  a  greater  or 
less  degree,  and  some  have  attributed  much  of 
their  virtue  to  this  property.  Such  an  opinion, 
however,  is  cleariy  erroneous.  I  have  already 
remarked  that  such  waters  are  rarely  serviceable 
when  they  keep  up  any  considerable  irritation  of 
an  organ.  I  now  remark,  that  any  considerable 
excitement  of-  the  general  organism  is  equally 
prejudicial :  indeed  I  have  often  been  embarrassed, 
and  sometimes  thwarted  in  the  successful  use  of 
mineral  waters,  from  the  prevalence  of  this 
quality.  The  amount  of  excitement  resulting 
from  the  use  of  such  waters  depends  upon  the 
nature  of  their  donstitu^t  principles ;  upon  the 
quantity  taken,  the  manner  of  taking  it,  and  the 
excitability  of  each  individual's  constitution.  If 
it  be  tt  water  abounding  in  sulphuretted  hydrogen 
gas,  the  most  essential  difference  exists  in  taking 
it  toUh  or  unthout  its  gas;  that  is,  in  taking  it 
fresh  at  the  spring,  or  after  its  gas  has  flown  off. 
In  the  use  of  the  Svlphur  Wat«r9,  with  or  without 
their  peculiar  gas,  the  most  marked  difference 


i.ii!|[l.li]iiilnlil)ili[ilii 


'IJ'^jIWi 


i 


THEIB  ADMIMISTBAnON. 


thia  two 
istration, 
its  use ; 
ht  weeks 
111!  reroe- 
h  will  be 
aters. 

;reater  or 
much  of 
opinion, 
)  already 
rvioeable 
itation  of 
siderable 
I  equally 
arrassed, 
al  use  of 
of  this 
resulting 
ipon  the 
ipon  the 
,  and  the 
ition.  If 
lydrogen 
in  taking 
l»king  it 
flown  off. 
r  without 
Ufferenoe 


exists  in  their  stimulating  quality,  and  it  is 
greatly  advantageous  in  many  cases,  particularly 
in  very  excitable  persons,  to  have  the  gas  expelled 
in  part,  or  in  whole,  before  using  them. 

Some  mineral  waters,  by  varying  the  method  of 
their  administration,  or  by  the  interposition  of 
appropriate  adjuvants,  are  capable  of  extensive 
and  valuable  modified  actions  and  effects  upon  the 
human  body.    The  White  Sulphur  is  susceptible 
of  as  many  varied,  different,  and  modified  actions 
upon  the  system  generally,  and  upon  its  particu- 
lar organs,  by  varying  the  methods  of  using  it,  as 
is  mercury,  or  antimony,  or  any  of  our  leading 
therapeutical  agents.    For  instance,  it  can  be  so 
used  as  to  stimulate  distressingly ;  or,  without  any 
appreciable  stimulating  effect.    It  can  be  so  given 
as  almost  invariably  \jop^rge  adivdy;  or,  without 
lessening  the  quantity  producing  such  effect,  but 
merely  by  changing  the  time   and  manner  of 
taking  it,  it  can  be  so  given  as  to  exert  little  or 
no  cathartic  operation.    It  may  be  directed  to,  or 
restrained  from,  the  kidneys,  or  skin ;  and  what, 
in  a  general  way,  is  far  mora  important,  it  can  be 
so  used  as  to  lie  quietly  on  the  system,  producing 
no  excessive  action  upon  any  of  the  organs,  and, 
with  a  quiet  but  sure  progress,  go  on  breaking 
up  the  obstructions  in  the  glandular  organs  and 
removing  the  impediments  to  the  proper  discbarge 
of  their  functions :  equalizing  the  circulation,  re- 
moving chronic  inflammations,  and  generally  re- 
storing the  energies  of  the  system. 


•W 


mMA^^^^-^ 


iw^MtAMMM^diaviMMMtoiUftM 


u 


UmSRAXi  WATERS  IN  0B5HRAL. 


CHAPTER  II. 
MINERAL  WATERS  IN  GENERAL. 

COKTISVBD. 

SmrnUanee  ^  *>»m  Mineral  Waten  to  Mercury— Err<n-$  and 
Abute  of  Mineral  Water$,  die.,  de.—Ohanuing  from  Spring  to 
Spring— Drm— Diet,  Eicu^eiie,  dbe. 

Besemblance  to  Mercury,  etc. — Between  the  ac- 
tion of  mercury,  and  the  more  poniferful  of  the 
sulphur  waters,  on  the  organic  system,  the  most 
striking  similarity  exists.  Dr.  Armstrong  long 
since  remarked  the  resemhlance  between  mercury 
and  the  sulphur  waters  of  Europe,  and  confidently 
expnessed  th'  opinion  that  the  latter  are  equally 
powerful  as  the  former,  in  their  action  upon  the 
secretory  organs ;  and  with  this  very  important 
difference,  that  while  the  long-continued  use  of 
mercury,  in  chronic  disease,  generally  breaks  up 
the  strength,  that  of  the  sulphur  waters  gener- 
*  ally  renovates  the  whole  system.  Mercury  has 
heretofore,  by  common  consent,  been  regarded  as 
the  most  powerful  alterative  we  possess.  I  am 
not  prepared  to  dispute  this  high  claim  of  the 
medicine,  but  this  much  I  will  assert,  as  a  matter 
of  professional  experience,  that  sulphur  water,  in 


Bhrcn  dnA 
n  Spring  to 


1  the  ac- 
il  of  the 
the  most 
>ng  long 
mercury 
nfidently 
i  equally 
ipon  the 
nportant 
d  use  of 
reaks  up 
8  gener- 
iury  has 
arded  as 
I.  I  am 
Q  of  the 
a  matter 
rater,  in 


RESEMBLANOB  TO  MERCURY,  ETC. 


45 


my  hands,  has  proved  an  alterative  quite  as  cer- 
tain in  its  effects  as  mercury,  though  somewhat 
slower  in  its  operations.  Not  only  so,  I  believe  it 
to  be  far  better  adapted  than  mercury  to  a  large 
circle  of  cases,  in  which  glandular  obstructious 
and  chronic  inflammations  are  to  be  subdued.  If 
the  claims  of  the  two  remedies  for  preference  were 
otherwise  nearly  equal,  the  great  advantage  on  the 
score  of  safety  from  the  sulphur  water  would  give 
it  an  immense  preference  over  its  rival.  Numer- 
ous cases  present  themselves,  however,  in  which 
they  are  used  in  conjunction  to  great  advantage. 
Where  this  becomes  necessary,  I  have,  as  a  gen- 
eral rule  of  practice,  found  it  best  not  to  continue 
the  mercury  longer  than  six  or  eight  days ;  nor  is 
it  often  necessary  to  use  it  continually  during  that 
period. 

The  effects  of  the  White  Sulphur  Water  upon 
the  human  body  resemble  mercury  in  several  re- 
spects. Not  to  mention  others,  its  resemblance  is 
strikingly  manifest  from  the  fact  of  its  producing 
salivation  *  under  certain  peculiar  circumstances. 
Another  marked  similarity  may  be  mentioned, 
especially  as  it  has  a  direct  bearing  upon  the 
proper  method  of  its  administration :  I  allude  to  the 
existence  of  a  phlogistic  diathesis  in  individuals 


*Dr.  SalBbaiy,  the  Resident  Pbysician  at  Avon  Springs,  has 
witnessed  similar  effects  ttom  the  Avon  water. 


-r      i 


m  knrsBAL  watow  in  obkbiul. 

with  whom  either  remedy  is  used.  When  the 
system  resists  the  specific  action  of  mercury,  it  is 
a  certain  test  that  the  inflammatory  diathesis  pre- 
vails to  a  considerable  extent,  and  this  is  the  cause 
of  the  resistance ;  for  lessen  the  inflammatory 
diathesis  by  proper  evacuations,  and  the  specific 
action  of  the  mercury  will  be  readily  induced. 
The  system  often  ofiers  the  same  resistance  to  the 
successful  use  of  this  water,  which  is  evidently 
occasioned  by  the  excess  of  the  inflammatory 
diathesis,  inasmuch  as  when  the  inflammatory 
disposition  is  abated  by  the  lancet,  purgatives, 
etc.,  the  water  promptly  produces  its  wonted  good 
effects.  In  the  administration  of  this  particular 
water,  it  is  of  the  utmost  consequence  to  keep  this 
practical  fact  constantly  in  view,  and,  by  proper 
treatment,  to  keep  down  both  general  and  local 
excitement. 

Notwithstanding  mineral  waters  are  so  well 
adapted  to  the  cure  of  chronic  diseases,  it  should 
not  be  expected  that  they  will  be  uniformly  suc- 
cessful; for  it  must  be  remembered  that  such 
diseases  are  only  remediable  when  unconnected 
with  alterations  of  organic  tissue,  which  is  their 
ultimate  and  mortal  product.  Nor  is  it  reasonable 
to  expect  that  any  plan  of  treatment  will  succeed 
in  all  cases  of  chronic  disease,  unconnected  with 
alteration  of  tissue;  and  I  have  accordingly 
found  the  methods  recommended  at  times  ineffec- 
tual, even  when  they  were  tried  under  circum- 


ii 


Mi 


i 
t 
I 

I 

s 
I 
I 
a 

ti 

P 


BRR0B8  AND  ABUSI. 


i1 


7hen  the 
ury,  it  is 
fiesis  pre- 
tho  cause 
mmatory 
e  specific 
induced, 
ice  to  the 
evidently 
mmatory 
mmatory 
irgatives, 
ited  good 
larticular 
keep  this 
»y  proper 
and  local 

so  well 
it  should 
rmly  suc- 
hat  such 
!onnected 
i  is  their 
sasonable 
1  succeed 
ited  with 
;ordingly 
8  ine£fec- 

ciroum- 


stances  which  simply  indicated  disorder  of  the 
function,  without  any  concomitant  sign  of  disor- 
ganization. 

Errora  and  Abuse  of  Mineral  Waters,  etc.,  etc.— 
I  have  before  alluded  to  some  of  the  abuses  of 
mineral  waters  by  those  who  resort  to  them  for 
relief ;  this  subject,  1  conceive,  may  be  still  fur- 
ther pursued  with  profit  to  my  readers.    To  one 
familiar  with  the  many  errors  and  mistakes  com- 
mitted in  the  use  of  mineral  waters  in  this  coun- 
try, it  will  not  seem  wonderful   that   numbers 
return  from  visiting  our  most  celebrated  watering 
places,   without    having    received  any  essential 
benefit,  but  be  rather  a  matter  of  surprise  that  so 
large  an  amount  of  good  is  achieved.    The  pre- 
cautions in  the  use  of  such  waters,  deemed  indis- 
pensable in  France,  Germany,  and  England,  are 
greatly  neglected  here.    There,  the  advice  of  a 
competent  physician,  who  is  well  acquainted  with 
the  nature    and    peculiarities  of  the   water,  is 
thought  so  important,  that  persons  rarely  enter 
upon  their  use  without  such  advice,  and,  at  some 
places,  are  actually  not  permitted  to  do  so.    If 
similar  precautions  were  more  commonly  adopted 
by  visitors  at  our  various  watering  places,  a  far 
larger  amount  of  good  would  be  achieved  to  the 
afflicted,  much  injury  prevented,  and  the  charac- 
ter of  the  several  waters  better  established  and 
preserved.    It  is  a  subject  of  daily  and  painful 


48 


MINERAL  WATBBS  IN  OBNERAL. 


observation^  at  all  our  principal  watering  places, 
to  witness  numerous  indinduals  using  mineral 
waters  that  are  not  adapted  to  their  cases ;  and 
still  more  common  is  it  to  see  those,  to  whose 
cases  they  are  adapted,  using  them  so  improperly 
as  entirely  to  prevent  the  good  they  would  accom- 
plish under  a  proper  administration.  Professor 
Mutter,  of  Philadelphia,  makes  the  following 
judicious  remarks  when  speaking  of  the  use  and 
abuse  of  mineral  waters  in  this  country:  "Like 
every  other  remedy  of  any  efficacy,  mineral  waters 
are  liable  to  abuse,  and  it  is  really  astonishing 
that  such  glaring  errors  should  be  daily  com- 
mitted, not  only  by  the  patients,  but  often  by  the 
physidana  who  recommend  their  employment.  It 
is  by  no  means  an  uncommon  -occurrence  (and 
those  who  have  visited  the  springs  of  our  country 
will  bear  me  out  in  the  statement  I  am  about  to 
make,)  for  an  individual  to  arrive,  furnished  with 
a  'carte  hlanche,'  from  a  physician  who  has  probably 
little  or  no  knowledge  of  the  active  properties  of 
the  agent  he  recommends,  to  use  the  water  as  he 
may  see  fit,  or  with  merely  a  charge  to  '  use  it  with 
caution.'  Others  are  sent  without  any  direction 
whatever,  in  the  hope  that  the  water  may  auit 
their  condition,  and  come  trusting  in  Providence 
alone.  Others,  again,  arrive  with  written  in- 
structions to  drink  so  many  glasses  of  the  water 
per  diem,  whether  it  agrees  with  them  or  not. 
Many  patients  do  not  take  the  advice  of  a  physi- 


g  places, 
:  mineral 
wes;  and 
to  whose 
iproperly 
Id  accom- 
Frofessor 
following 
i  use  and 

:  "Like 
al  waters 
tonishing 
lily  com- 
en  by  the 
nent.  It 
ince  (and 
r  country 

about  to 
shed  with 

probably 
perties  of 
ter  as  he 
tae  it  with 
direction 

may  suit 
rovidence 
itten  in- 
the  water 
1  or  not. 
'  a  physi- 


BRR0B8  AND  ABUSB. 


4» 


cian  at  all,  but,.relying  on  the  representations  of 
those  who  have  derived  benefit,  imagine  that  they, 
too,  will  be  cured,  although,  in  all  probability, 
from  the  nature  of  their  disease,  the  water  may 
be  the  most  prejudicial  to  which  they  could  resort. 
Used  in  this  careless  and  dangerous  manner,  is  it 
to  be  wondered  at,  that  so  many  individuals  leave 
the  springs,  either  not  at  all  benefited,  or  in  a 
worsfl  condition  than  when  they  arrived  ? 

The  regulations  which  are  thought  necessary, 
and  which  are  adopted  in  most  European  coun- 
tries, especially  Prance  and  Germany,  during  the 
use  of  a  mineral  water,  are  either  unknown  or 
neglected  in  this.  There,  nearly  every  spring  is 
supplied  with  an  experienced  physician;  one 
familiar  with  the  character  of  the  water,  whose 
duty  it  is  to  take  charge  of  the  sick  as  they  ar- 
rive ;  here,  with  but  one  or  two  exceptions,  those 
who  frequent  our  watering  places  have  to  rely  on 
chance  for  medical  aid.    Is  this  as  it  should  be  ?  " 

A  vague  impression  seems  to  pervade  the  public 
mind,  that  mineral  waters,  as  medicinal  agents, 
are  totally  unlike  all  other  medicines,  and  that,  in 
their  administration,  there  is  no  necessity  for  ob- 
serving any  cautions,  or  for  adopting  extraneous 
expedients  to  procure  the  best  effects  of  the  agent 
employed.  This  is  an  error  as  injurious  as  it  is 
common,and  ought  to  be  corrected  in  the  public 
mind.  Our  more  potent  mineral  waters  ought 
indeed  to  be  regularly  incorporated  into  our  mate- 


so 


MINERAL  WATERS  IN  aSNERAL. 


riamedica,  their  several  qualities  properly  defined, 
and  the  medical  mind  thus  instructed  to  regard 
them,  not  only  as  valuable  therapeutical  agents, 
ji>er  ae,  but  as  agents  capable  of  extensive  and  val- 
uable modifications  in  their  application  to  disease. 
A  pathological  practice  should  be  established  in 
relation  to  them,  not  less  strict  than  in  relation  to 
the  ordinary  remedies  of  the  shops,  and  the  best 
means  of  influencing  their  sanative  operations  on 
the  system  understood.. 

The  physician  who  desires  to  throw  his  patient 
under  the  cdferative  influence  of  mercury,  is  not 
so  discouraged  as  to  abandon  the  remedy,  if  it 
chance  at  first  to  run  off  by  the  \)owels,  and  tifus 
thwart  his  object ;  but  either  by  changing  the 
method  of  using  his  medicine,  or  by  uniting  with 
it  some  o'^'^^^hing  astringent,  he  ultimately  effects 
the  impori  '  object  in  view.  Neither  should  the 
patient  h  ^^  >uraged  in  the  use  of  a  mineral 
water  be&^.w.»  jic  occasionally  manifests  a  vagrant 
and  improper  effect ;  for  facilities  can  be  com- 
manded to  control  its  operations,  as  readily  as 
we  can  control  the  improper  (^orations  of  mer- 
cury. Such  facilities  may  generally  be  found, 
either  in  an  increase  or  diminution  of  the  quantity 
taken-^4in  alteration  of  the  vcriode  at  which  it  has 
been  taken — or,  in  the  manner  of  using  it,  (where 
gases  prevail,)  in  relation  to  its  gaseous  or  un- 
gaseous  form.  Occasionally,  medical  adjuvants 
are  found  necessary,  and  then  I  have  been  in  the 


i«irtto-iiil|iyi>iaWMa>fti 


■r<'s3»^'»»^'''^-^' 


!iliiK«i 


'••~iS$ 


LTABIUTT  TO  ERBOB. 


m 


defined, 
I  regard 
agents, 
and  val- 
disease. 
sbed  in 
lation  to 
bhe  best 
tions  on 

I  patient 
',  is  not 
ly,  if  it 
nd  tifas 
:in^  the 
ng  with 
f  effects 
luld  the 
mineral 
vagrant 
be  com- 
idily  as 
of  mer- 
fonnd, 
[uantity 
h  it  hag 
(where 
or  un- 
juvants 
%  in  the 


hi^bit  of  using  those  most  simple,  and  those  which 
least  derange  the  animal  economy. 

As  a  general  rule,  I  have  found  mineral  waters 
most  serviceable  in  those  cases  in  which  the 
stomach  and  general  system  tolerated  them 
readily  ;  yet  such  toleration  depends  so  much  upon 
the  proper  preparation  of  the  system,  and  the  man- 
ner of  using  the  water,  that  the  patient  should  by 
no  means  infer  that  it  is  unsuited  to  his  case  simply 
because  it  has  manifested  some  improper  operation 
in  the  commencement.  For,  as  before  intimated, 
it  will  often  happen,  that  by  changing  the  method 
of  using  the  water,  or  by  the  administration  of 
some  appropriate  adjuvant,  the  difficulty  will  be 
removed,  and  the  agent  afterwards  act  most 
pleasantly  and  profitably  upon  the  system. 

Liability  to  Error  in  Be/erence  to  Sulphur  Waters. 
While  on  this  subject,  it  is  not  inopportune,  I 
conceive,  to  allude  to  a  popular  and  common  error 
in  reference  to  the  quality  of  sulphur  waters  in 
goaeral — an  error  into  which  the  intelligent  as 
well  as  the  ignorant  are  prone  to  fall, — I  allude  to 
the  very  common  mistake  of  forming  a  judgment 
as  to  the  strength  and  value  of  a  sulphur  water 
merely  from  its  taste  and  smM.  Most  persons  who 
have  not  carefully  investigated  the  subject,  are 
ready  to  believe  that  they  have  discovered  a  val- 
uable sulphur  fountain  when  they  have  found  a 
water  abounding  in  sulphuretted  gas.    This,  as  a 


«a 


WniTB  SULPHUR  sprhtos. 


generaUthing,  would  be  a  mistake,  and,  as  it  is  a 
mistake  that  might  lead  to  a  profitless  use  of  such 
waters  by  invalids,  it  seems  proper  that  attention 
should  be  distinctly  called  to  it. 

I  have  elsewhere*  sufficiently  contested  the  idea 
that  sulphuretted  hydrogen)  gas  ought  to  be  re- 
garded as  an  efficient  medicinal  agent,  except  so 
far  as  its  nervine  and  stimulant  qualities  give  it 
such  claims.  I  do  not  now  propose  to  go  over  the 
arguments  for  the  correctness  of  this  opinion — 
they  are  sufficiently  set  forth  in  the  chapter  alluded 
to — ^but  merely  to  enter  up  this  caveat  for  the  bene- 
fit of  sulphur  water  drinkers,— -that  the  mere  fact 
,  of  water  being  strongly  impregnated  with  aulphti' 
rdted  gas,  is  not,  of  itself,  a  sufficient  evidence  that 
it  is  a  valuable  remedial  agent. 

We  often  see  waters  abounding  in  this  gas,  and, 
to  the  taste  and  smell,  very  much  resembling  the 
best  of  our  standard  waters,  and  hence  imagined 
by  many  to  be  identical  in  quality  and  equal  in 
strength  to  them,  but  which,  upon  trial,  are  ascer- 
tained to  have  but  little  medicinal  value,  and  are 
found,  by  analysis,  essentially  without  body,  with 
little  efficiency  in  their  medicinal  salts ;  or,  with 
a  oombincUion  of  saline  matters  not  well  adapted  to 
give  them  medicinal  virtue. 


*  Chapter  on  the  "  BelatiTe  Inflnenceof  the  Gaseoqs  and  Solid 
Contents  of  Uw  White  Sulphur  Water." 


UABIIITT  TO  KRROR. 


18  it  is  a 
3  of  such 
ittention 

the  idea 
0  be  re- 
xcept  so 
i  give  it 
over  the 
pinion — 
r  alluded 
:he  bene- 
lere  fact 
i  aviphu- 
mce  that 

;as,  and, 
ling  the 
nagined 
squal  in 
re  ascer- 
andare 
iy,  with 
or,  with 
apted  to 


I  and  Solid 


Neither  does  the  color,  nor  abundance  of  de- 
posits, made  by  such  waters,  as  they  flow  from 
their  source,  do  more  than  aflford  a  problematical 
evidence  of  their  value.  • 

First.  Because  it  is  to  the  qualUy  of  the  saline 
matters,  rather  than  to  their  abundance,  that  we 
are  to  look  for  medicinal  efficacy  ;  and. 

Second.  Because  the  color  of  the  natural  depos- 
its of  all  sulphur  waters,  unmixed  with  foreign 
bodies,  as  I  have  elsewhere  said,  is  always  essen- 
tially the  same,  being  invariably  white  or  opake- 
white ;  the  various  shades  of  blue,  gray,  red, 
black,  etc.,  being  occasioned  by  the  influence  of 
light  and  shade,  or  being  chemical  changes,  occa- 
sioned by  their  coming  in  contact  with  foreign 
bodies. 

The  color  of  the  deposits  of  such  waters,  it  will 
be  seen,  then,,cannot  to  any  degree  indicate  their 
quality  or  value.  A  large  amount  of  deposit  of 
saline  matters,  yielded  by  any  mineral-  water,  is 
Bixoug  presumptive  evidence  of  its  strength,  but  is 
not  conclusive  evidence  of  its  medicinal  value,  in 
the  absence  of  a  knowledge  of  the  peculiar  qual' 
ity  and  combination  of  such  saline  matters.  Hence 
we  should  not  hastily  judge  of  the  value  of  a  min- 
eral water  by  the  color  of  its  deposits,  nor  even  by 
the  large  amount  of  its  deposits,  but  by  their  qual- 
ity, and  the  proportions  in  which  they  are  rela- 
tively combined  in  the  water,  forming  a  compound 

5* 


S4 


WHITB  SULPHUR  SPRINGS. 


Buitod  to  the  great  mission  of  modifying  and  heal- 
ing disease. 

Springs  are  -occasionally  found  that  abound, 
either  largely  or  sparsely,  in  sulphuretted  gas, 
and  that  contain  but  little  saline  salts  ;  and  yet 
such  springs  are  often  valuable  for  particular 
forms  or  types  of  disease,  and  are  rendered  so  from 
the  quality  and  fortunate  combination  of  their 
salts.  On  the  other  hand,  waters  may  abound 
largely  in  saline  matters,  and  some  of  these  saline 
matters  be  valuable,  too,  a%  single  agents,  yet  the 
entire  compound  which  they  form  may  not  be  well 
adapted  for  sanatory  and  medicinal  influences. 

CHANGINO  PROM  SPRING  TO  SPRING. 

A  very  common  error,  in  the  use  of  Mineral 
Waters,  is  the  belief  that  the  patient  should  often 
change  from  one  water  to  another,  and  that  no  one 
should  be  used  longer  than  some  given  number  of 
days,  and  this  without  any  reference  to  its  effects 
upon  the  system.  This  absurd  notion  leads  many 
persons  to  fly  from  spring  to  spring,  performing 
in  a  few  weeks  or  days  the  circuit  of  the  whole 
*'tpring  region,"  and  without  remaining  long 
enough  at  any  one  to  receive  permanent  benefit. 
Now,  if  the  position  heretofore  laid  down  be  cor- 
rect, that  ''  mineral  waters,  like  all  other  med- 
icines, cure  disease  by  exerting  e^fecta  upon  the 
animal  econoiiiy,"  the  impropriety  will  be  obvious 


'  ^IMIMINUUiK 


•mf 


mmm 


nd  heal- 

abound, 
ted  gas, 
and  yet 
irticular 
i  80  from 
of  their 
abound 


sei 
yet  the 
t  be  well 
nces. 


a. 

Mineral 
lid  often 
it  no  one 
imber  of 
B  effects 
Is  many 
forming 
e  whole 
ig   long 

benefit. 

be  cor- 
er  med- 
pon  the 
obvious 


CUAKOINO  FROM  SPRINO  TO  PVRINO. 


55 


to  all  of  rapidly  hastening  from  one  fountain  to 
another,  without  tarrying  long  enough  at  any  to 
receive  those  effects  upon  the  body  which  are 
.necessary  to  a  cure.  Such  a  water-drinker  acts 
like  the  "  maid  of  all  works,"  always  busy,  but 
accomplishing  nothing. 

What  would  be  thought  of  the  physician,  who, 
having  decided  that  his  patient  must  undergo  the 
influence  of  alterative  action  upon  his  system,  and 
having  put  him  upon  a  course  of  mercury  to 
accomplish  the  object,  should,  just  before  this  drug 
would  have  accomplished  the  end,  discontinue  its 
use,  and  put  him  upon  iodine  ;  and,  just  as  this 
was  about  to  alterate  the  system,  abandon  it  and 
substitute  sarsaparilla ;  and  thus,  from  one  drug 
to  another,  running  through  the  whole  routine  of 
alterative  remedies,  without  giving  any  sufficient 
time  to  effect  the  object  ?  This  would  surely  be  an 
absurd  method  of  practice ;  and  yet  it  would  not 
be  more^bsurd  than  the  course  we  often  see  pur- 
sued by  visitors  at  mineral  springs,— who  literally 
waste  their  whole  time  in  going  frctm  fountain  to 
fountain,  and  thus  debar  themselves  of  all  perma- 
nent good,  by  spending  their  time  rather  among 
the  springs,  than  at  any  one  of  them.  The  state 
of  mind  which  leads  invalids  thus  improperly  to 
act,  is  often  induced  from  the  random  opinions  or 
injudicious  advice  of  their  fellow  sufferers,  whom 
they  meet  with  at  the  various  watering  places. 
One  will  tell  another  that  they  have  seen  or  heard 


M 


MIKERAL  WATERS  ITSt  OE27ERAL. 


of  some  person  tliat  was  cured  at  once,  at  this, 
that,  or  the  other  spring.  Among  the  Virginia 
Springs  for  instance,  you  will  he  assured  hy  one, 
that  the  "  White  "  i*-  the  place  ;  hy  another,  that 
the  "  Salt"  is  hotter  suited  to  your  case ;  a  third 
informs  you  that  you  would  do  hotter  at  the 
"Blue;"  while  others  will  tell  you  there  is 
nothing  like  the  "Red,"  the  "Sweet,"  the 
"Warm,"  the  "Hot."  Thus  are  the  minds  of 
persons  frequently  perplexed,  until  they  come  to 
the  conclusion  to  "make  the  rounds"  and  try 
them  all  for  a  day  or  two.  In  this  way  the  hap- 
less invalid  is  often  led  to  fritter  away  the  whole 
time  he  reniains  in  the  mountains,  without 
deriving  permanent  advantage  from  "all  the 
springs,"  when,  very  prohahly,  the  time  he  had 
fruitlessly  spent  at  them  all  would  have  heen 
sufficient  to  have  cured  him  at  any  one  of  them. 

Let  it  he  distinctly  understood  that  these  remarks 
are  meant  for  the  serious  invalid  only.  Persons 
who  visit  the  springs  for  amusement  or  pl^sure,  or 
those  who  go  merely  as  a  relaxation  from  business, 
and  require  only  the  tone  which  travel  and  moun- 
tain air  can  give,  may,  with  great  propriety,  go 
from  spring  to  spring,  and  spend  their  time  just 
where  they  are  the  happiest.  But  for  the  invalid 
w?u>  has  something /or  the  waters  to  do,  it  is  not  so ;  he 
should  first  wisely  determine  which  of  the  springs 
is  best  calculated  to  cure  his  disease,  and  having 
settled  this  important  question,  should  persevere 


\^ 


< 
( 
I 
1 
i 
( 

r 
\ 
1 
I 

V 

ii 


at  this, 
Virginia 
by  one, 
ler,  that , 
a  third 

at  the 
there  is 
t,"  the  ' 
ninds  of 
come  to 
and  try 
;he  hap- 
lie  whole 
without 
'  all   the 

he  had 
ve  been 

tJtem. 
remarks 
Persons 
ksure,  or 
easiness, 
d  moun- 
riety,  go 
ime  just 
}  invalid 
ot  so ;  he 
I  springs 

having 
crsevere 


CHANarajO  FROM  SPRIKO  TO  SPKIKO.  57 

in  the  use  of  that  particular  water;  oorefully 
watching  its  effects,  and  "not  be  carried  about  by 
every  wind  of  doctrine,"  but  continue  the  use  of  the 
agent  thus  wisely  selected,  either  until  its  inap- 
plicability has  been  proven,  or  until  it  produces 
the  specific  effects  which  he  desires.  This  being 
accomplished,  there  may  be,  and  often  is,  a  neces- 
sity for  visiting  other  springs.* 

DRESS. 

Delicate  persons,  visiting  the  mountains  or  colder 
latitudes  for  health,  should  be  particularly  cautious 
on  the  subject  of  dress.  It  is  rather  more  easy  to 
dress  with  the  ever  varying  fashions',  than  to  dress 
appropriately  for  aU  the  weather  that  happens  in 
mountainous  regions  generally,  during  the  water- 
ing seasons.  The  weather,  in  such  situations,  is 
often  so  variable  and  uncertain  as  to  make  it  a 
good  general  rule  for  the  invalid  to  dress  without 
reference  to  any  particular  state  of  it,  but  always 
warm  and  comfortable,  with  (in  most  oases)  but 
little  change  from  his  dress  in  the  spring  season 
before  he  reached  the  mountains. 

Some  invalids  will  be  benefited  by  constantly 
wearing  soft  flannel  next  the  skin,  not  only  because 
if  keeps  up  a  more  uniform  temperature  than 


i! 


68 


MINERAL  WATiOtS  IN  OBNERAL. 


linen,  but  also  because  of  the  gentle  excitement  it 
occasions  on  the  surface  of  the  body.  The  best 
summer  dress,  however,  which  I  have  ever  seen 
worn  next  the  body, — and  always  a  valuable  ac- 
companiment of  jlanndy  winter  and  summer, — is 
woven  silk.  I  am  led  to  believe,  from  experience, 
that  silk,  worn  next  the  skin,  is  the  very  best 
protection  we  can  command  against  the  influence 
of  cold.  In  rheumatism  and  neuralgia,  a  covering 
of  woven  silk  is  a  valuable  remedy;  and  for  all 
delicate  persons^  and  for  those  peculiarly  susceptible 
to  colds,  it  is  a  most  invaluable  shield  to  the  body. 
The  superiority  of  silk  over  every  other  covering 
is  probably  owing  to  its  peculiarity  as  a  non-con- 
ductor of  electricity ;  but  whether  this  be  so  or 
not,  is  left  to  the  astute  medical  philosopher  to 
determine ;  it  is  sufficient  for  me  to  know  the  fact 
of  its  superior  efficacy,  without  stopping  to  account 
for  it. 

Since  the  above  paragraph  was  first  written,  I 
have  had  ten  years  additional  observation  of  the 
use  of  silk  as  a  covering  for  delicate  and  suscepti- 
ble persons;  and  the  result  is,  that  I  am  more 
than  ever  convinced  of  its  great  superiority.  In- 
deed, such  persons,  while  in  our  variable  climate, 
and  under  the  influence  cf  suphur  waters^  that 
increase  the  susceptibility  of  the  system,  cannot, 
by  any  other  dress,  so  effectually  secure  themselves 
against  the  encroachment  of  cold,  as  by  the  use  of 
flilk  sacks  worn  next  the  skin.    Nor  ought  this  pre- 


DRBBS,   DIET,  EXVRCISB,  BTO. 


69 


:itement  it 
The  best 
ever  seen 
kluable  ao- 
mmer, — is 
xperience, 
very  best 
3  influence 
a  covering 
ind  for  all 
susceptible 
)the  body, 
r  covering 
a  non-con- 
8  be  BO  or 
osopber  to 
>w  the  fact 
;  to  account 

I  written,  I 
tion  of  the 
d  suscepti- 
[  am  more 
ority.  In- 
>le  climate, 
aters^  that 
m,  cannot, 
themselves 
'  the  use  of 
bt  this  pre- 


caution to  be  neglected  by  such,  especially  as  the 
existence  of  a  cold  always  renders  the  use  of  the 
waters  less  efficacious,  and  sometimes  positively 
injurious,  for  the  time  it  may  continue. 

DIET,  EXERCISE,  ETC. 

Diet  and  exercise,  during  the  use  of  mineral 
water,  are  of  too  inuch  importance  to  be  passed 
over  without  notice.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  so 
little  as  relates  to  diet  is  placed  within  the  power 
of  the  invalid  at  our  watering  places  generally. 
Usually  there  is  but  one  general  system  of  living 
at  all  such  places,  and  this  invariaUy  a  system 
very  illy  adapted  to  the  invalid.- 

Persons  using  mineral  water  may  ordinarily 
indulge,  in  moderation,  in  that  diet  which  they 
found  to  agree  best  with  them  at  home.  Impru- 
dences as  to  the  kind  of  food,  or  of  excess  in  its 
quantity,  should  be  as  carefully  avoided  by  the 
invalid  while  using  such  water,  as  when  under 
treatment  by  other  medical  means.  This,  how- 
ever, is  by  no  means  commonly  the  case. 

Mineral  waters  generally  remove  acidity  from 
the  stomach,  and  sharpen  both  the  appetite  and  the 
digestion  ;  hence  it  is  often  really  difficult  for  the 
invalid  to  restrain  himself  at  table,  and  we  might 
be  astonished  to  see  the  quantity  and  quality  of 
food  he  sometimes  consumes.  Dyspeptics,  as  might 
be  expected,  suffer  most  from  impropriety  in  diet: 


SISffiT"- 


ms^- 


60 


MIITBRAL  WATKRS  IN  OENBRAL. 


indeed,  I  am  persuaded  that  more  than  half  the 
good  these  waters  would  otherwise  achieve  in  such 
oases,  is  prevented  by  impropriety  in  diet.  But 
the  evil  of  over  and  improper  feeding,  although 
most  manifest  in  dyspeptics,  is  by  no  means  con- 
fined to  such.  Upon  the  subject  of  diet.  Dr.  Bell 
has  well  observed,  that  "  slow  and  laborious  diges- 
tion, heartburn,  disordered  kidneys,  discoloration 
of  the  skin,  and  some  a£fections  ot  the  liver,  often 
the  effects  of  excessive  eating  and  drinking  alone, 
are  not  to  be  readily  cured  by  visiting  mineral 
springs,  and  keeping  up  the  same  kind  of  living." 
If  they  (and  the  remark  applies  to  all  invalids) 
be  sincerely  desirous  of  gaining  health,  they  will 
most  successfully  do  so  by  simplifying  their  re- 
>gimen,  and  abstaining  from  all  those  appliances 
to  force  appetite  and  tickle  the  taste,  which  they  had 
formerly  used  in  the  shape  of  ardent  spirits,  wine, 
and  malt  liquors,  fried  meats,  pastry,  and  unripe 
fruits.  In  fine,  we  may  sum  up  in  a  few  words, 
by  repeating,  after  the  great  father  of  medicine, 
that  aU  excesses  are  dangerous;  a  maxim  every  one 
must  have  fully  tested. 

Eating  much  in  the  evening,  sitting  up  late, 
prolonged  and  immoderate  dancing,  remaining 
too  long  in  the  cool  air  of  the  evening,  are  often 
the  cause  of  many  unpleasant  complaints,  which 
might  have  been  easily  prevented. 

The  passions  are  to  be  kept  in  check  by  avoiding 
every  exciting  cause,  either  of  the  boisteroua  Ci. 


a  half  the 
ve  in  such 
iiet.  But 
,  although 
leans  con- 
;,  Dr.  Bell 
iouB  diges- 
iculoration 
iver,  often 
ing  alone, 
g  mineral 
►f  living." 
invalids) 
,  they  will 
;  their  re- 
appliances 
h  they  had 
rits,  wine, 
ind  unripe 
few  words, 
medicine, 
I  every  one 

;  up  late, 
remaining 
I  are  often 
its,  which 

T  avoiding 
Bteroua  C;. 


DIRT,   EXEBCISR,   ETC. 


CI 


molanclioly  kind.  A  giddy  clinso  after  pleasure 
and  luxurious  indulgonco,  are  scarcely  more  rep- 
rohcnsiblo  than  an  indolent  and  secluded  lite. 
The  kind  ond  amount  of  exercise  to  be  indulged 
in  by  the  patient  must,  of  course,  be  rcgtilated  by 
the  nature  of  his  disease  and  the  attendant  cir- 
cumstances ;  walking,  riding  on  horseback  or  in 
a  carriage,  may  be  selected,  as  one  or  the  other 
may  be  best  adapted  to  the  physical  ability,  and 
to  tiio  inclinations  of  the  patient ;  but,  in  some 
foroi  or  other,  all  whose  strength  will  admit  of  it 
ijhould  take  regular  exercise  in  good  weather. 


62 


MINERAL  WATERS  IN  OENBRAL. 


CHAPTER  III. 

USE  OF*  MEDICINES  AND  DIFFERENT 
MINERAL  WATERS. 

Prescribing   Mineral  Waten. 

The  judicious  administration  of  mild  and  appro- 
priate medicines,  in  connection  with  the  use  of 
mineral  waters,  with  the  object  of  facilitating  their 
operations  upon  the  system,  is  often  a  matter  of 
primary  importance. 

All  writers  who  treat  of  mineral  waters  as  medi- 
cinal agents,  urge  upon  invalids  the  propriety  of 
obtaining  experienced  medical  advice  before  com- 
mencing their  use,  and  allude  to  tlfe  occasional 
necessity  of  using  medicines  in  connection  with 
them  in  obstinate  cases.    But  the  circumstances 
under  which  medicines  should  be  used,  and  the 
primary  necessity  of  the  practice  in  particular 
cases,  has  not  always  been  as  fully  insisted  on  as 
the  merits  of  such  practice  demand.     This,  we 
suppose,  has  been  owing  rather  to  the  positions 
occupied  by  the  various  authors  on  mineral  waters, 
than  to  any  want  on  their  part  of  a  proper  appre- 
ciation of  the  subject.     A  portion  of  such  authors, 
although  learned  and  scientific  men,  and  highly 
distinguished  in  their  profession,  ha^e  not,  never- 


httmsaiamtm 


-i 


fT 


id  appro- 
e  use  of 
ingtheir 
natter  of 

as  inedi- 
)riety  of 
)rc  com- 
!casional 
on  with 
nstances 
and  the 
.rticular 
d  on  as 
his,  we 
ositions 
waters, 
:  appre- 
luthors, 
highly 
,  never- 


■W« 


USE  OF  MEDICINES.  88 

theless,  had  a  large  actual  experience  in  the 
treatment  of  disease  at  mineral  fountains,  and 
with  mineral  waters.  Hence  the  teachings  of 
such  Vave,  very  properly,  heen  designed  to  show 
the  value  and  adaptation  of  such  agents  as  inde- 
pendent remedies,  rather  than  as  important  adju- 
vants in  particular  cases  ;  consequently  they  have 
treated  of  them  in  a  somewhat  isolated  sense,  and 
as  they  would  have  treated  of  any  single  article 
of  the  materia  medica.  The  few  who  have  written 
upon  the  subject,  whose  residence  at  mineral 
fountains  has  afforded  enlarged  opportunities  for 
investigating  the  peculiar  effects  of  the  waters  in 
individual  and  diversified  cases,  may,  to  some 
extent,  have  been  restrained^-  by  motives  of  deli- 
cacy, from  enlarging  upon  this  subject  as  fully  as 
they  should  have  done.  Such  authors,  being  set- 
tled as  practitioners  at  the  fountains  of  which  they 
write,  may  not  unnaturally  have  felt,  that  for 
them  to  urge  upon  the  invalid  visitor  the  necessity 
of  medical  advice  and  assistance,  however  im- 
portant they  might  esteem  it,  and  with  however 
much  of  candor  and  disinterestedness  they  might 
do  so,  would  possibly  subject  them  to  invidious 
Reflections  by  the  illiberal,  or  even  from  the  dis- 
creet stranger,  who,  not  fully  appreciating  the 
importance  of  the  subject,  might  misapprehend 
their  well-meant  motives. 

Many  persons  are  disposed  to  regard  mineral 
waters,  in  their  curative  powers,  as  a  panacea, 


rtflWI 


m  USB  OF  MEDICINES  AND 

and,  like  the  much-eitoh/ i  catholicons  of  the 
day,  unaided  by  other  appliances,  and  in  despite 
of  scientific  directions  and  all  the  rules  of  art, 
adapted  to  cure  all  manner  of  diseases.  I  need 
scarcely  say  that  such  opinions,  when  entertained, 
are  very  erroneous,  and  that  the  judgment  which 
regards  them  as  important  remedies  in  nature's 
materia  medica,  having,  indeed,  a  wide  and  valu- 
able scope  of  operation,  but, like  all-other  remedies, 
necesaarily  demanding  various  modifications  and 
cautions  in  their  use,  would  be  far  more  correct 
and  reliable. 

Many  consecutive  years  of  experience,  in  the 
administration  of  mineral  waters,  have  given  me 
great  confidence  in  their  employment ;  indeed,  I 
yield  to  no  one  in  admiration  of  their  happy  adap- 
tation for  many  ills  to  which  flesh  is  heir.  As  in- 
dependerU  remedies,  totally  disconnected  with  all 
other  medicinal  aid,  they  are  often  fully  sufficient 
to  attain  the  sanative  end  desired.  So,  too,  we 
occasionally  find  a  single  article  of  the  materia 
medica,  unaided  by  other  articles,  capable  of  pro- 
ducing every  beneficial  effect  that  the  case  de- 
mands. Doubtless,  like  results  occasionally  take 
place  &om  the  employment  of  the  various  panaceas 
or  catholicons  of  the  age.  But  where  we  meet 
with  one  case  in  which  a  single  article  of  the  ma- 
teria medica,  or  an  artificial  panacea,  unaided  by 
aU  other  means,  satisfactorily  fulfills  all  indica- 
tions of  treatment  in  chronic  disease,  and  results 


V;i^?.-;.t.'.^'>-->w-^<J^^i; 


OF  DUTKItENT   IIINBBAL  WATEB8. 


66 


the 


in  effecting  a  cure,  we  meet  with  perhaps  ten 
cases  in  which  adjunctive  remedies  should  he  em- 
ployell.  Be  this  as  it  may,  however,  in  reference 
to  the  remedies  just  altuded  to,  we  know  it  to  he 
true  of  alterative  mineral  waters,  not  only  as  to 
the  certainty,  hut  especially  as  to  the  celerity,  with 
which  they  effect  cunrt  in  obstinate  cases.  This 
view  of  the  subject  is  not  only  consonant  with 
reason,  but  also  with  the  general  theories  and 
teachings  of  the  profession. 

There  is  an  opposite  view  of  the  subject,  how- 
ever, which  alleges  that  any  medical  agent, 
adapted  to  the  case,  is  sufficient  of  itself  for  the 
case,  and  should  therefore  stand  unassisted  by  any 
other  means.  This  theory,  it  will  be  perceived, 
leads  necessarily  into  empiricism,  and  to  the  dis- 
carding of  all  science  and  discrimination  in  the 
use  of  remedies ;  and,  consequently,  ignores  the 
value  of  all  knowledge  and  experience  in  the  pro- 
fession. 

Now,  I  admit  that  if  the  selected  agent  be  so 
fully  and  entirely  adapted  as  really  to  fill  every 
indication  in  the  case,  then  the  proposition  I  am 
combating  is  true, — and  under  such  circumstances 
every  judicious  physician  would  say,  let  it  alone. 
But  such  full  and  complete  adaptations  are  but 
occasionally  found  to  exist,  either  in  medicines  or 
mineral  waters ;  and,  in  the  use  of  the  latter, 
even  under  ordinary  happy  adaptations,  we  often 
find  a  state  of  things  that  primarily  existed,  or 
6* 


66 


USE  OF  MEDICINES  AND 


has  been  superadded,  that  must  he  remedied  by 
appropriate  medicines,  or  the  water,  so  far  from 
proving  beneficial,  will  act  injuriously.  Besides, 
admitting  the  mineral  water  to  bo  never  so  well 
adapted  to  the  case  in  which  it  is  being  used,  its 
slow  progress  in  resolving  congestions  and  in 
overcoming  diseased  action,  may,  in  many  cases, 
be  greatly  facilitated  by  judicious  adjuvants,  skill- 
fully and  timeously  administered. 

In  obstinate  cases  in  which  it  io  desirable  to  pro- 
cure the  specific  operations  of  a  mineral  water 
upon  any  organ,  much  time,  to  say  the  least,  is 
saved  by  uniting  with  the  water,  lor  a  few  days, 
some  a^'uvant  that  »pecificaUy  determines  to  such 
organ.  By  such  a  procedure,  the  water  may  be 
invited  to  the  organ,  and  establish  its  action  upon 
it  much  sooner  than  it  would  without  such  aid. 

In  diseases  of  the  abdominal  viscera  generally, 
the  patient  may  often  economize  a  week  or  more 
of  the  time,  which  otherwise  it  would  be  necessary 
for  him  to  use  the  water,  by  the  proper  introduc- 
•tion  of  some  medical  adjunct  to  the  end  that  has 
been  intimated.  The  milder  mercurials^  in  con- 
nection with  some  of  the  vegetable  purgatives, 
often  answer  exceedingly  well  in  such  cases. 

The  proportion  of  invalids,  especially  of  such 
as  are  suffering  with  biliary  derangements,  that 
will  derive  increased  benefit  from  the  employment 
of  mild  alterative  cathartics,  to  precede  or  accom- 
pany the  use  of  alterative  mineral  waters,  is  as 


I 

s 
t 

0 

0 

I 
t 

0 

c 
c 
n 
a 

a 


OP  DIFFEBENT   MINERAL  WATERS. 


67 


ten  to  one  at  least;  and,  in  nine  cases  out  of  ten, 
the  subject  of  biliary  derangements  will  economize 
a  week  or  ten  days,  in  *he  necessary  use  of  such 
waters,  by  the  occasional  use  of  medicines. 

Dr.  John  Bell,  whom  we  always  quote  with 
pleasure,  because  of  the  profound   thought  ho 
bestows  upon  any  subject  upon  which  he  writes, 
remarks,   that  "  it  frequently  happens  that  an 
invalid,  whose  state  would  be  at  first  aggravated 
by  drinking  from  a  mineral  spring,  if  nothing  is 
premised,  will,  after  the  use  of  some  active  medi- 
cine, such  as  a  few  medicinal  purges,   and,   if 
arterial    action    be    i  imewhat  considerable,   the 
abstraction  of  some  blood,  be  enabled  to  cor.- 
mence  taking  the  waters,  and  persevere  in  tueir 
use  with   decided  advantage."     In  other  cases 
remedies  of  different  kinds  are  recommended  to 
second  their  action,  and  to  be  employed   with 
them.    Hoffman  lavished  the  greatest  eulogiums 
ou  milk  with  mineral  waters.     In  thfe  treatment 
of  scrofula,  Theophilus  Bordeu  obtained  signal 
benefit  by  the  union  of  mercurial  frictions  with 
the  use  of  the  waters  of  Bereges.     But  these,  and 
other  combinations,  and  alterations  of  treatment, 
can  only  be  confidently  recommended  by  physi- 
cians always  residing  at  the  springs,  and  inti- 
mately acquainted  with  all  their  shades  of  action 
and  operation.     The  general  rule,  which  may 
with  safety  be  laid  down  for  the  guidance  of  those 
about  to  use  mineral  waters,  is  to  have  their 


■A 


-r-     i 


68  USE  OF  MEDICINES  AND 

primes  vice  well  cleansed  of  faacal  and  mucous 
collections,  and  to  bring  down,  as  near  as  may 
be,  the  circulation  to  a  natural  standard. 

A  medical  rule,  in  attempting  the  cure  of 
disease,  is  •to  subdue  inordinate  and  evident  dis- 
turbance of  the  liystem  before  we  administer 
medicines  with  a  view  to  their  peculiar  eflfect. 
Thus,  when  the  stomach  and  bowels  are  highly 
irritable,  or  inflamed,  we  decline  administering 
purgatives ;  when  there  is  acute  pain  in  the  head, 
with  high  fever,  we  withhold  opium  and  other 
remedies,  of  what  are  termed  the  class  of  ano- 
dynes ;  when  the  liver  is  acutely  inflamed,  we  are 
wary  in  giving  anti-bilious  medicines,  so  called. 
Violent  and  regularly  recurring  chills  do  not 
justify  the  use  of  the  barks,  if  the  interval  be 
marked  by  symptoms  of  high  action  of  the 
blood-vessel  system  generally,  or  of  great  de- 
termination to  the  head,  liver,  or  stomach.  All 
these  several  states  of  violent  disease  are  to  be 
mitigated,  at  first,  by  bleeding,  either  general,  as 
from  the  arm,  or  local,  as  by  cups  and  leeches,  to 
the  head,  over  the  stomach,  etc.;  also,  by  simple 
cool  dilueuts,  or  watery  drinks,  cool  air,  and, 
under  appropriate  circumstances,  the  cold  bath. 
W  ithout  preliminary  treatment,  purgatives  would , 
so  far  from  carrying  off  matters  oppressive  to  the 
stomach  and  bowels,  and  promoting  secretions 
from  their  inner  surfaces,  only  serve  still  further 
to  irritate  and  inflame  these  parts  ;  opiates  would 


IMilM 


m    ■!■' 


I  mucous 
r  as  may 

cure  of 
dent  dis- 
iminister 
ar  effect. 
re  highly 
inistering 
the  head, 
md  other 
8  of  ano- 
id,  we  are 
JO  called. 
B  do  not 
terval  be 
tt  of  the 
jreat  de- 
ich.  All 
are  to  be 
sneral,  as 
eeches,  to 
jy  simple 
air,  and, 
old  bath, 
es  would , 
ive  to  the 
secretions 

II  further 
tes  would 


OF  DIFFERENT  lONERAL  WATEBS. 


69 


increase  the  pain  in  the  head  and  restlessness,  and 
even  cause  delirium ;  bark  would  convert  the 
remittent  into  more  of  a  continual  fever,  and 
increase  the  distress  of  the  stomach,  and  exas- 
perate the  prior  existing  pain  in  the  liver. 

From  these  and  other  analogous  facfs,  we  learn 
the  important  truth,  overlooked  by  the  public 
generally,  and  sneered  at  by  impudent  quacks, 
that  the  operations  and  remedial  effects  of  any 
one  medicine,  or  combination  of  medicines,  are 
purely  rdative,  and  depend  on  the  state  of  the  animal 
economy  at  the  time.  These  views .  should  be  care- 
fully borne  in  mind,  as  well  in  the  administration 
of  mineral  waters  as  of  the  ordinary  remedies  of 
the  apothecary's  shop. 

I  desire  not  to  be  misunderstood,  however,  as 
expressing  the  opinion  that  medicines  are  always 
necessary^  in  ordinary  cases  submitted  to  the  use 
of  mineral  waters. 

When  the  powers  of  the  water  are  sufficient  to 
answer,  with  toletable  certainty  and  celerity,  the 
sanative  indications,  it  is  safe,  and  generally 
proper,  to  withhold  medical  means  altogether ; 
or,  if  occasionally  any  should  be  demand.!,  to 
employ  such  only  as  are  mild  and  suasive  in  their 
character. 

PRESCRIBmG  MINERAL  WATERS. 

The  medical  adviser  at  all  our  popular  watering 
places  has,  necessarily,  very  delicate  and  respon- 


I  >. 


i^ij|inifi  i'.n^i(.y.i 


70 


PRBBORIBINO  MINERAL  WATERS. 


siblo  duties  devolved  upon  him.  .  To  some  extent 
he  must  be  the  recipient,  in  a  professional  point 
of  view,  of  the  confidence  of  the  invalid  stranger 
who  has  left  a  distant  homo,  to  seek  at  medicinal 
fountains  the  best  remedy  for  the  maladies  of 
which  he  hopes  tojbe  relieved.  This  confidence, 
while  it  is  agreeable  to  the  honorable  mind,  is  not 
without  onerous  responsibility. 

A  sufficient  knowledge  of  our  various  mineral 
springs,  to  enable  the  medical  adviser  to  judge 
correctly  of  their  specific  character  and  adapta- 
tions, unfolds  at  once  to  him  a  wide  field  for  the 
exercise  of  skill  and  judgment,  in  selecting  for 
his  patient  the  one  best  adapted  to  the  nature  and 
wants  of  his  case. 

In  the  Virginia  Spring  region,  for  instance,  we 
are  surrounded  by  a  perfect  galaxy  of  mineral 
fountains,  of  almost  every  variety  and  adaptation. 
We  have  the  Sulphur  waters,  in  their  various 
modifications ;  we  have  the  Chalybeatea,  simple 
and  compound,  in  great  variety ;  the  Saline,  in 
several  varieties ;  the  Aluminous,  or  acidulated 
aluminous  chalybeates,  in  three  or  four  varieties ; 
and  thermal  waters  of  every  temperature,  from 
62°  to  106°.  All  these  fountains  of  healing,  with 
their  varied  modified  influences,  (for  each  one 
differs  in  some  essential  particulars  from  all  the 
others,)  should  be  regarded  as  so  many  different 
articles  in  nature's  materia  medica;  each  pos- 
sessing adaptations  somewhat  peculiar  to  itself, 


— IWftllt  irii  if  Hi'  ■iiini  iii>ii»  itii 


me  extent 
>nal  point 
i  stranger 
medicinal 
aladies  of 
onfidence, 
ind, is  not 

IS  mineral 
'  to  judge 
d  adapta- 
Id  for  the 
BCting  for 
lature  and 

stance,  we 
f  mineral 
daptation. 
ir  various 
68,  simple 
Saline,  in 
acidulated 
varieties ; 
ure,  from 
ling,  with 

each  one 
m  all  the 
J  different 
each  pos- 

to  itself, 


PRBSORIBINO  MINERAL  WATERS. 


n 


for  the  different  diseases  or  states  of  the  system. 
Here,  then,  is  a  wide  range  for  the  medical 
adviser,  and  his  tact  and  success,  in  advising  most 
wisely,  will  necessarily  depend  upon  his  acquaint- 
ance with  the  peculiar  qualities  and  specific  effects 
of  all  these  different  agents.     , 

Again,  such  an  adviser,  to  be  most  useful  to  his 
patients,  must  be  careful  not  to  be  influenced  by  his 
focoj)er«onoB,  or  to  regard  the  particular  fountain 
over  whose  medical  direction  he  presides,  as  a 
cathdicon,  and  adapted  better  than  any  other  to  all 
sorts  and  conditions  of  cases.     A  medical  adviser, 
at  a  mineral  fountain,  could  not  well  fall  into  a 
greater  error,  or  more  clearly  evidence  a  want  of 
wise  discrimination,  than  in  finding  his  remedy, 
in  all  cases,   in   the  particular  agent  which   ho 
immediately  directs ;  for,  in  the  nature  of  things, 
such  universal  preference  would   often  be  mis- 
placed.   Standing  in  the  delicate  relation  which 
such  an  adviser  holds  to  the  invalid  public,  he 
must  regard  the  various  mineral  agencies  around 
him  somewhat  in  the  same  light  in   which   he 
regards  the  various  medicines  of  the  apothecary's 
shop,  anc'  should  wisely  and  freely  choose  among 
them    for  the  use  and    benefit    of  his  patients. 
Any  other  course  would  be  empirical, — hazardous 
to  the  best  interest  of  the  unfortunate  invalid,  and 
utterly  unworthy  of  his  confidence. 

Under  such  proper  and  discriminating  advice, 
the  patient  will  often,  perhaps,  in  a  majority  of 


FW)W!»9l?W«ffyKs*^«-"'- 


n 


PRESCRIBmo  MIXERAL  WATERS. 


cases,  be  led  in  the  course  of  liis  cure  to  the  use  of 
several  of  the  diflfercnt  fountains.  The  some 
water,  however  potent  it  may  be,  is  not  always,  nor 
even  generally,  sufficient  to  meet  all  the  indica- 
tions that  exist  in  the  case,  and,  unaided,  to 
produce  a  perfect  eure.  There  is  nothing  more 
common  than  thu  certainty  with  which  a  particular 
water  accomplishes  particular  results  upon  the 
animal  economy,  while  it  fails  to  accomplish  other 
results  that  will  be  readily  achieved  by  other  and 
dissimilar  waters.  For  instance,  while  the  waters 
of  the  White  Sulphur  Springs  are  well  adapted  4o 
produce  alterative  effects  upon  the  secretory 
organs,  ond,  by  their  general  emulging  and 
changing  influences,  to  bring  the  system  into  a 
natural  or  physiological  type, — actions  and  in- 
fluences that  are  primary  in  their  importance,  and 
essential  to  a  cure  ;  this  being  accomplished,  some 
of  the  more  tonic  and  nervine  toaiera  will  be  found 
far  better  adapted  to  strengthen  the  animal  fibre, 
and  to  complete  the  cure. 

So  other  potent  waters,  through  the  whole 
catalogue  of  springs  have  each  their  sphere  of 
usefulness,  that  must  not  be  overlooked  by  the 
discriminating  adviser  in  the  treatment  of  par- 
ticular cases ;  and  hence  they  nil  should  be 
arrayed  and  labeled,  as  it  were,  in  nature's  grea* 
laboratory,  and  prescribed  intelligently,  and  as 
their  use  is  indicated  in  the  variety  of  diseases  that 
are  sought  to  be  healed  by  such  agents. 


YIRQINIA    SPRIKOS. 


78 


he  use  of 
he  same 
vays,  nor 
9  indica- 
lidcd,  to 
ng  more 
articular 
ipon  the 
ish  other 
ther  and 
le  waters 
lapted  to 
secretory 
ing  and 
tn  into  a 
and  in- 
ance,  and 
led,  some 
be  found 
Qal  fibre, 

le  whole 
jphere  of 
i  by  the 
b  of  par- 
[tould  be 
b's  grea* 
',  and  as 
tases  that 


CHAPTER  IV. 


VIRGINIA    8PRIN08. 


In  treating  of  the  Springs  of  Virginia,  I  shall 
not  be  guided  by  their  chemical  classification,  nor 
strictly  by  their  medicinal  importance,  but  in 
accordance  with  their  location  in  the  geographical 
divisions  of  the  State. 

The  Sp tings  strictly  pertaining  to  what  has  long 
been  known  as  the  «*  Spring  Begim,"  will  be  first 
noticed  ; — next,  those  located  in  or  contiguous  to 
the  great  Shenandoah  VaUey^  formed  by  the  Apa- 
lachian  chain  of  mountains  on  the  West,  and  the 
Blue  Bidge  Mountain  on  the  East.  Then  will 
follow  those  found  on  the  eastern  slopes  of  the  Blue 
Bidge  and  in  the  plane  country  stretching  towards 
the  ocean,  known  as  Eastern  Virginia.  7uastly, 
those  located  in  the  Western  part  of  tha  Oreat 
Valley  and  in  the  Southwestern  counties  of  the 
State. 

The  entire  series  of  Virginia  Springs  presents 
great  variety  in  chemical  and  therapeutic  charac- 
ter. It  comprises  various  and  differently  com- 
pounded sulphur  waters  ;  the  cfhalybeates  simple 
and  compounded  ;  the  acidulous  or  carbonated  ^  the 
saline;  the  aluminated  chalybeaies — with  thermal 
7 


aaaggj&i 


i 


74 


VIRGINIA    BPRIMOI. 


watoM,  varying  in   temperature,  from  62  to  106 
degrees  of  Fahrenheit. 

Of  these  SpringN,  the  sulphurous  waters  are 
found  in  greater  abundance  and  in  greater  strength 
immediately  on  the  Western  and  Eastern  slopes  of 
the  Alleghany  Mountains,  the  strongest  being  on 
its  Western  declension.  The  simple  chalybeatea  are 
found  in  every  great  section  of  the  commonwealth, 
but  in  greatest  strength  along  the  course  of  the 
great  Apalachian  range,  extending  from  the 
Kortheastern  to  the  Southwestern  extremities  of 
the  State. 

The  adduious  or  carbonated  waters,  M  well  as 
the  cduminated  chalybeates,  exist  in  the  greatest 
variety  and  strength  in  the  central  portions  of  the 
Great  Valley,  in  the  counties  of  Augusta,  Rock- 
bridge, Alleghany,  Monroe  and  Craig,  but  are 
found  in  several  other  counties.  South  and  West, 
along  the  course  of  the  Alleghany  and  Blue 
Ridge  Mountains.  Waters  more  or  less  distinctly 
belonging  to  the  saline  class  are  found  in  the  same 
range  of  country. 

The  most  abundant  mineral  tv-aters  in  the  State, 
except  the  simple  chalybeate,  are  the  aluminated 
ehalybeates  or  alum  waters  as  they  arc  commonly 
called  in  Virginia.  They  are  found  in  numerous 
localities  in  a  district  of  country  extending 
through  the  State  North  and  South  for  more  thau 
two  hundred  miles.  They  are  generally  found 
adjacent  to  faults  in  the  strata,  or  where  the  rocks 


1^ 


■^ 


2  to  106 

iers  are 
strength 
slopos  uf 
•eing  on 
teatea  are 
1  wealth, 
B  of  the 
om  the 
nities  of 

well  as 
greatest 
Qs  of  the 
%,  Rock- 
but  are 
1  West, 
d  Bine 
istinctly 
he  same 

le  State, 
minated 
mmonly 
imerouB 
tending 
re  thau 
'  found 
le  rocks 


ROUTES  TO  THB  PKINaPAI.  VIBOINIA  SPRINQS.      76 

givo  evidence  of  derangement  from  their  natural 
positiot],  and  near  the  junction  of  sftUey  slate  with 
limcstono.  They  are  invariably,  I  believe,  an 
infiltration  through  talcose  slate  which  lies  a  few 
foct  below  the  surface  in  large  districts  of  the 
mountain  ranges  alluded  to.  I  have  examined 
numerous  specimens  of  these  waters,  obtained 
from  various  neighborhoods,  ^rom  the  headwaters 
of  the  Shenandoah  river  to  the  extreme  South- 
western border  of  the  State,  and  hare  found  thorn 
to  possess  the  leading  chemical  characteristics  of 
the  springs  of  this  class  that  have  been  brought 
into  popular  use. 

1  believe  that  all  the  mineral  waters  in  this 
great  range  of  disturbance,  are  slightly  thermal, 
compared  with  the  temperature  of  the  common 
springs  in  theijr  vicinity.  But  the  boundary  of 
the  thermal  waters,  commonly  so  called,  is  only 
about  fifty  miles  in  length  and  of  narrow  dimen- 
sion, having  the  Hot  and  Warm  Springs  for  its 
Northern,  and  the  Sweet  Chalybeate  and  Sweet 
Springs  for  its  Southern  extremes. 

ROUTES  TO  THE  PRINCIPAL  VIRGINIA  SPRINGS. 

The  reffults  of  the  war  between  the  Northern 
and  Southern  States,  just  ended,  so  materially 
deranged  traveling  facilities  to  many  of  the 
Virginia  Springs  as  to  make  the  following 
directions  essential  to  distant  parties  who  desire  to 
visit  them. 


76     ROUTBS  TO  THB  PBINOIPAL  VIBOINIA  BPRXNOS. 

The  traveler  to  any  of  the  principal  Springs  in 
the  mountains  of  Virginia,  either  from  the  North^ 
East  or  West,  to  avail  themselves  most  largely  of 
railroad  facilities,  must  necessarily  make  Staunton 
a  point  in  their  journey. 

From  StaurUon,  the  Bockbridge  and  Bath  Alum, 
the  Warm,  Hot,  Healing,  White  Sviphur,  ScHtyOnA 
Bed  Sulphur  Springs,  are  conveniently  reached  hy 
railroad,  with  small  amount  of  staging,  and  in  the 
order  in  which  they  are  here  set  down.  The 
Sweet  and  Bed  Sweet  are  on  the  same  general 
route,  and  are  reached  by  a  detour  of  seventeen 
miles  from  the  White  SvJphur. 

The  Yellow,  the  Montgomery  White,  the  AUe- 
ghany.  Coiners,  and.  Blue  Bidge  Springs,  are  reached 
by  the  traveler  going  East  on  the  Virginia  & 
Tennessee  Bailroad  in  the  order  in  which  they  are 
here  enumerated. 


— — -•-  — ---      ^i^,,^ 


tros. 

ings  in 
}  North^ 
•gely  of 

CAUNTON 

\  Alum, 
'alt,  and 
uhed  by 
1  in  the 
1.  The 
general 
renteen 

le  AUe- 
reached 
;inia  & 
;hey  are 


t. 


*ws*» 


^HffSMM 


whub  sulphur  spbinqs. 


77 


CHAPTER  V. 

WHITE  SULPHUR  SPRINGS. 

laeation  and  Oenerai  Phyiieal  OhanxeterisUe»—lU  Stretifffh  wm- 
formiy  the  tame — Doe»  not  lose  its  Strength  by  parting  wUh  its  Gat 
— Does  not  Deposit  its  Saits  when  Quieseent—Its  Cfas  foM,  to 
Fiih — Its  Early  History— Known  to  the  Indians  ata  "  Medicine 
WcUer"— First  used  by  the  Whites  in  mS—Itogress  qf  Improve- 
ments and  Present  Condition^Anaiyses  qf  Mr.  Hayes  and  Pro- 
fessor Sogers. 

Thb  White  Sulphur  Springs  are  located  in  the 
County  of  Greenbrier,  West  Virginia,  on  Howard's 
Creek,  and  on  the  immediate  confines  of  the 
*'  Great  Western  Valley,"  being  but  six  miles 
west  of  the  Alleghany  chain  of  mountains,  which 
separates  the  waters  that  f^ow  into  the  Chesapeake 
Bay  from  those  which  run  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

The  waters  of  the  spring  find  their  way  into 
Howard's  Creek  two  hundred  yards  from  their 
source,  which,  after  flowing  five  miles,  empty  into 
Greenbrier  River. 

The  spring  is  situated  on  an  elevated  and  beauti- 
fully picturesque  valley,  hemmed  in  by  mountains 
on  every  side.  Kate's  Mountain,  celebrated  as  the 
theatre  of  the  exploits  of  a  chivalrous  heroine  in 
the  days  of  Indian  troubles,  is  in  full  view,  and 


.j>.)in,i.  ».. 


78 


WHITB  SULPHUR  SPRINGS. 


about  two  miles  to  the  south;  to  the  west,  and 
distant  from  one  to  two  miles,  are  the  Greenbrier 
JUountains;  while  the  towering  Alleghany,  in  all 
its  grandeur,  is  found  six  miles  to  the  north  and 
east. 

The  spring  is  in  the  midst  of  the  celebrated 
"Spring  Region,"  having  the  "Hot  Spring" 
thirty-five  miles  to  the  north ;  the  "  Sweet," 
seventeen  miles  to  the  east;  the  "Salt,"  and 
"Red,"  the  one  twenty-four,  the  other  forty-one 
miles,  to  the  south ;  and  the  "  Blue,"  twenty-two 
miles  to  the  west,  lis  latitude  is  about  2*I^°  north , 
and  its  longitude  3^°  west  from  Washington.  Its 
^elevation  above  tide-water  is  two  thousand  feet. 
It  bursts  with  unusual  boldness  from  rock-lined 
apertures,  and  is  inclosed  by  marble  casements 
five  feet  square  and  three  and  a  half  feet  deep. 
Its  tempercaure  is  62°  of  Fahrenheit,  and  remains 
uniformly  the  same  during  the  winter's  blasts  and 
the  summer's  heat ;  any  apparent  variation  from 
this  temperature  will  be  found,  I  think,  to  be  owing 
to  the  difference  in  thermometers,  as  repeated 
trials  with  the  same  instrument  proved  the  tem- 
perature to  be  uniform. 

The  principal  spring  yields  about  thirty  gallons 
per  minute ;  and  it  is  a  remarkable  fact  that  this 
quantity  is  not  perceptibly  increased  or  diminished 
during  the  longest  spells  of  wet  or  dry  weather  ; 
while  other  bold  springs  of  the  country  have  failed 
during  the  long  droughts  of  summer,  this  has 


mam 


PHTSIOAL    CHARACTERISTICS. 


Id 


invariably  observed  "  the  even  tenor  of  its  way." 
There  is  no  discoloration  of  the  water  during  long 
wet  spells,  or  other  evidences  that  it  becomes 
blended  with  common  water  percolating  through 
the  earth.  The  quantity  and  temperature  of 
this  spring  being  uniform  under  all  circum- 
stances, gives  a  confidence,  which  experience  in 
its  use  has  verified,  of  its  uniform  strength  and 
efficiency.  The  water  is  most  clear  and  trans- 
parent, and  deposits  copiously^  as  it  flows  over  a 
rough  and  uneven  surface,  a  white,  and  sometimes, 
under  peculiar  circumstances,  a  red  and  black, 
precipitate,  composed  in  part  of  its  saline  ingre- 
dients. Its  taste  and  smell,  fresh  at  the  spring, 
are  that  of  all  waters  strongly  impregnated  with 
sulphuretted  hydrogen  gas.  When  removed  from 
the  spring,  and  kept  in  an  open  vessel  for  a  suffi- 
cient length  of  time  for  this  gas  to  escape,  or,  when 
it  has  been  heated  or  frozen  for  this  purpose,  it 
becomes  essentially  tastdeas  and  inodorous,  and 
could  scarcely  be  distinguished,  either  by  smell 
or  taste,  from  common  limestone  water.  Its 
cathartic  activity,  however,  is  rather  increased 
than  diminised  when  thus  insipid  and  inodorous.* 
It  does  not  lose  its  transparency  by  parting  with 
its  gas,  as  many  other  waters  do ;  nor  does  it 
deposit  its    salts  in  the  slightest  degree  when 


*  See  cbap.  v.,  on  "Th«  rdattw  virtuea  tf  th«  tdUne  andgtueou* 
emtmUtqftkeWMeSulphiir  water." 


^WJ<y.^WbijiiPi^j»a'sai««Kmt^* 


WHITE    SULPHUR    SPRINGS. 

quiescent,  not  even  sufficiently  to  stain  a  glass 
vessel  in  which  it  may  be  kept. 

The  gas  of  this  spring  is  speedily  fatal  to  all 
animals,  when  immersed  even  for  a  very  short  time 
in  its  waters.  Small  fish  thus  circumstanced  sur- 
vive but  a  few  moments,  first  manifesting  entire 
derangement,  with  great  distress,  and  uniformly 
die  in  less  than  three  minutes. 

The  water  is  uniform  in  its  saline  strength ;  that 
is,  it  contains  in  a  given  quantity,  at  all  seasons, 
the  same  amount  of  solid  contents.  Of  this  fact 
I  am  fully  satisfied,  from  repeated  tests  and  ex- 
aminations of  it,  under  various  circumstances, 
and  for  many  years.  It  exhibits  occasional  and 
slight  variations  in  the  amount  of  its  free  sulphu- 
retted hydrogen  gas.  This  variation  is  occasioned 
mainly,  if  not  entirely,  by  the  condition  of  the 
atmosphere  at  the  time — and,  principally,  by  its 
electrical  condition.  Even  this  variation  in  the 
water,  however,  is  more  apparent  than  real,  and 
is  often  suspected  when  it  does  not  actually  exist. 

In  the  absence  of  chemical  tests,  the  difference 
in  the  water  is  judged  of  entirely  by  taste  and 
smeU,  principally  by  the  latter  ;  and  some  condi- 
tions of  the  atmosphere  being  more  favorable  than 
others  for  the  evolution  q,..<\  diffusion  of  tha  gas, 
the  actual  relative  amount  in  evolution  is  often 
misjudged. 

We  occasionally  hear  old  visitors  to  the  springs, 
express  the  o\:'aox\,  that  the  water  is  not  at;  suong 


t 
I 
i 

( 
c 
I 
1: 

E 

a 

a 


a  glaas 

1  to  all 
)rt  time 
ced  sur- 
;  entire 
liformly 

;b;  that 
seasons, 
this  fact 
and  ex- 
istances, 
nal  and 
sulphii- 
casioned 
1  of  the 
r,  by  its 
I  in  the 
eal,  and 
ly  exist, 
ifference 
iste  and 
3  condi- 
)le  than 
:^(3  gas, 
IS  often 

springs, 
isiioug 


*n 


EABLT  BISTORT. 


81 


as  it  was  years  before,  when  they  had  visited  it } 
and  this  opinion  they  entertain,  not  because  of 
any  difference  in  its  operative  effects,  but  because 
of  its  appearing  less  strong  to  the  smell.  Its 
sulphur  flavor,  they  allege,  is  neither  so  strong 
about  the  grounds,  or  at  the  spring,  as  it  formerly 
was.  This  is  no  doubt  true  in  every  condition  of 
the  atmosphere,  and  yet  the  water  and  the  gases 
are  essentially  the  same.  Formerly,  and  until 
the  last  few  years,  a  portion  of  the  ground,  for 
several  rods  below  the  spring,  was  a  marsh  of  wet 
loam,  covered  i^ith  grass,  into  which  the  sulphur 
water  flowed,  and  saturating  the  earth,  became 
decomposed  with  the  vegetable  matter,  and  oonr 
sequently  emitted  a  strong  sulphurous  odor,  thai 
could  be  detected  in  warm  weather  in  any  part  of 
the  grounds.  Happily,  these  marshy  grounds  have 
been  carefully  ditched  and  drained,  and  the  water 
in  its  exit  from  the  spring,  being  now  confined  to 
a  narrow  channel,  rapidly  flows  away,  thereby 
relieving  from  any  sulphurous  odor  occasioned  by 
its  decomp6sition. 
The  springs  are  surrounded  with  mountain  scenery 
of  great  beauty,  and  blessed  with  a  most  delightful 
climate  in  summer  and  fall.  Independent  of  the 
benefit  that  may  be  derived  from  the  waters,  a 
better  situation  for  the  invalid  during  the  summer 
months  can  scarcely  bo  imagined.  They  have  the 
advantage  of  a  salubrious  and  invigorating  air 
and  an  agreeable  temperature— cool  at  morning 


82 


WHITB  BUlPHtJR  aPBINGS. 


and  evening,  the  thermometer  ranging  at  those 
periods  during  the  summer,  between  50°  and  60°, 
and  rarely  attaining  a  greater  height  than  80°  at 
any  time  of  the  day— with  an  elasticity  in  the 
atmosphere  that  prevents  the  heat  from  being  at 
any  time  oppressive,  and  enabling  the  invalid  to 
take  exercise  in  the  open  air  during  the  day, 
without  fatigue. 

There  is  but  little  in  the  early  history  of  this 
watering  place  especially  worthy  of  preservation. 
Tradition  says  that  the  charming  valley,  in 
which  it  is  situated,  was  once  a  fav.orite  *•  huntinff- 
gromd  "  of  the  proud  Shawaneea,  who  then  owned 
and  occupied  this  fair  region,  and  the  numerous 
ancient  graves  and  rude  implements  of  the  chase, 
that  are  found  in  various  parts  of  the  valley,  suffi- 
ciently attest  the  truth  of  this  legend.    That  a 
small  marsh,  originally  contiguous  to  the  spnng, 
was  once  a  favorite  deer  and  buffalo  "  hok,'   xa 
well  known  to  the  oldest  white  settlers  in  the 
country  ;  and  it  is  confidently  asserted  by  some  of 
that  venerable  class,  that  the  spring  Was  known 
to  the  Indians  as  a  ''medicine  water,"  and  that 
since  their  migration  across  the  Ohio,  they  have 
occasionally  been  known  to  visit  it  for  the  relief  of 
rheumatic  affections.      Whether  this  legend  be 
ta-uth  or  fiction,  I  cannot  avouch ;  authentic  history, 
however,  abundantly  testifies  to  the  reluctance 
with  which  its  ancient  owners   abandoned  this 
lovely  valley  to  the   rapacious   avarice    of  the 
invading  white  man. 


at  those 
and  60°, 
&a  80°  at 
by  in  the 

being  at 
nvalid  to 
the  day, 

ry  of  this 
servation. 
ralley,  in 

ten  owned 
numerous 
the  chase, 
lley,  suffi- 
.    That  a 
he  spring, 
"  lick,"  is 
ers  in  the 
by  some  of 
TtiS  known 
'  and  that 
they  have 
tie  relief  of 
legend  be 
tic  history, 
reluctance 
ioned  this 
ce    of  the 


HARLT  BIBTORY. 


83 


During  the  year  1114,  the  proud  but  ill-fated 
Shawanees,  being  overpowered  by  the  encroaching 
colonists    from    Eastern    Virginia,    and   having 
sustained,  in  October  of  that  year,  a  signal  defeat 
by  the  colonial  troops',  at  Point  Pleasant,   were 
forced  finally  to  abandon  their  country,  and  seek 
shelter  and  protection  with  the  main  body  of  their 
tribe,  then  living  on   the  waters  of  the  great 
Scioto ;  not,  however,  until,  by   frequent  battles 
and  midnight  murders,  they  had  testified  their 
attachment  to  their  ancient  hunting-grounds  and 
the  graves  of  their  fathers. 

The  property  on  which  this  spring  is  situated 
was  originally  patented  to  Nathan  Carpenter,  one 
ofthe  earliest  pioneers  of  the  country,  who  was 
subsequently  killed  by  a  band  of  marauding 
Indians,  at  a  fort  at  the  mouth  of  Dunlap's  Creek, 
near  where  the  town  of  Covington  now  stands. 

The  precise  time  at  which  this  spring,  now  so 
celebrated  among  mineral  waters,  was  first  used 
for  the  cure  of  disease,  cannot  be  ascertained  with 
absolute  certainty.  It  L^  believed,  however,  that 
a  Mrs.  Anderson,  the  wife  of  one  of  the  oldest 
settlers,  was  the  first  white  person  who  tested  its 
virtues  as  a  medicine. 

In  1778,  this  lady,  being  afflicted  with  rheuma- 
tism, was  borne  on  a  litter,  from  her  rewdence, 
ten  or  fifteen  miles,  to  the  spring,  where  a  tent  was 
spread  for  her  protecfcioa  from  the  weather  ;  and  a 
"  bathing  tub  "  provided,  by  felling  andexcavatiag 


r.  I 


^Kreuft-A-ww^*.--. 


84 


WHITB  SULPHUR    SFBINQS. 


a  huge  tree  that  grew  hard  by.  Here  she 
remained  until  she  entirely  recovered,  drinking 
from  the  fountain,  and  bathing  in  the  water 
previously  heated  in  the  trough  by  "hot  rocks." 
It  is  reasonable  to  suppose  that  the  fame  of  this 
cure  spread  abroad  among  the '' settlers,"  and 
from  them  into  Eastern  Virginia,  and  among  the 
few  **  spring-going  folks,"  who  then  annually 
visited  the  Sweet  Springs,  not  many  miles  distant. 
Accordingly,  in  1779,  and  from  that  to  1783,  there 
were  annually  a  few  visitors  here,  who  spread 
their  tents  near  the  spring,  no  house  having  then 
been  erected,  and  with  the  rude  "trough"  for  a 
bathing  tub,  and  this  protection  from  the  weather, 
are  reported  to  have  spent  their  time  most 
agreeably  and  profitably.  Some  of  these  primi- 
tive visitors,  "  who  dwelt4n  tents,"  have  visited 
the  springs  of  late  years,  and,  with  pleasurable 
emotions,  marked  out  the  spot  where  their  tents 
stood  some  sixty  years  ago,  while  they  recounted 
with  delight  the  amusements  and  pleasures  they 
then  enjoyed. 

In  1784,  1785,  and  1786,  numerous  "log- 
cabins"  were  erected,  not  where  any  of  the 
present  buildings  stand,  but  immediately  around 
the  spring,  not  one  of  which,  or  the  materials 
which  composed  it,  is  now  remaining. 

Mr.  Caldwell,  until  recently,  the  proprietor  of 
the  property,  came  into  possession  of  it  in  the 
year  1808,  but  did  not  personally  undertake  its 


[ere  she 
drinking 
le  water 
t  rocks." 
e  of  this 
rs,"  and 
nong  the 
annually 
s  distant. 
83, there 
0  spread 
ing  then 
i"  for  a 
weather, 
ne  most 
e  primi- 
e  visited 
iasurahle 
eir  tents 
ecounted 
ires  they 

IS  "  log- 
'  of  the 
r  around 
materials 

rietor  of 
t  in  the 
rtake  its 


ANALYSIS. 


86 


improvement  until  the  summer  of  1818.  Before 
this  period,  the  huilding  for  the  accommodation 
of  visitors,  although  sufficient  for  the  number 
that  then  resorted  to  the  place,  were  exceedingly 
rude,  being  altogether  small  wooden  huts.  The 
interest  and  enterprine  of  the  owner  soon  led  him 
into  a  different  and  more  appropriate  system  of 
improvement,  and  from  small  beginnings,  he 
went  on,  progressing  in  the  rapid  ratio  of  demand, 
until  from  the  "  tent  "  accommodations  in  1779, 
and  the  "log-cabins"  in  1784,  the  place  now, 
both  in  elegance  and  extent,  exhibits  the  appear- 
ance of  a  neat  and  flourishing  village,  affording 
comfortable  and  convenient  accommodations, 
(including  the  surrounding-  hotels,)  for  two 
thousand  person's.* 

ANALYSIS. 

In  the  winter  of  1842,  Mr.  Augustus  A.  Hayes, 
of'  Massachusetts,  made  an  analysis  of  the  White 
Sulphur  water,  at  his  laboratory  in  Boxbury,  from 

*Iii  the  spring  of  1857,  the  White  Sulphur  property  was  sold 
to  a  company  of  gentlemen  residing  principally  in  Virginia, 
who  (in  virtue  of  an  act  of  the  Legislature)  have  associated 
themselves  into  a  Joint-itoek  txmpany,  under  the  name  of  the 
"  WMU  Sulphur  Bpnng$  Company.^'  The  energy  and  public 
spirit  of  the  individuals  who  compose  the  Company,  give 
abundant  evidence  to  the  numerous  friends  of  the  property,  that 
nothing  that  taste  or  enterprise  can  effect,  in  its  extension  and 
odomment,  will  be  overlooked  or  long  delayed.  The  Compauy 
has  already  erected  the  largest  building  in  the  Southern  coontty. 
8 


i«»i|»||tl»;feli_ 


■"lUtliiyW  II lll|[l|llHi_ 


-ft'&^'-e;  aipi^-fl»,iR*fe;3»l  *-*' ,  ;SF^ri5)dl 


86 


WHITE   SULPHUR    8PRIK08. 


a  few  bottles  of  water  forwarded  to  him  from  the 

spring  in  the  preceding  fall.     The  following  is 

the  result  of  his  examinations : — 
"Compared  with  pure  water  free  from  air,  its 

specific  gravity  is  1*00254. 

"50,000  grains  (about  seven  pints)  of  this  water 

contain,  in  solution,  3-633  water  grain  measures 

of  gaseous  matter,  or  about  114  of  its  volume, 

consisting  of — 

Nitrogen  gas lois 

Oxygen  gas log 

Carbonic  acid .■„.  3-444 

Hydro-Bulpliaric  acid r 

8-683 
"  One  gallon,  or  237  cubic  inches  of  the  water 
contain  16  739-1000  cubic  inches  of  gas,  having 
the  proportion  of-— 

Nitrogeu  gas , 4-080 

Oxygen  gait. .408 

Carbonic  acid 11-290 

Hydro-sulphuric  acid » 271 

16-789 
"50,000  grains  of  this  water  contain  115  735-1000 
grains  of  saline  matter,  consisting  of — 

its  dimensions  being /our  hundred  feet  long,  by  a  corrcspondirT 
width,  and  coToring  an  acre  of  ground.  This  hnmense  structuis 
is  of  brick;  and  is  appropriated  for  reeeiving^rooma,  dining- 
room,  baa-r()(m,parhn,todging-room»,  etc.,  etc.  They  have  also 
bdilt  numerous  Qfttaget,  for  flunilies.  With  these  improTOments, 
together  with  a  new  and  capacious  Bathing  ettaUiihment,  and  the 
ranoval  of  many  of  the  old  buildings  to  new  localities,  by  which 
the  Lawns  are  enlarged  and  adorned,  the  property,  alike  in 
oaimcity,  in  convenience,  and  in  the  elegance  of  its  arrange- 
ments, exhibits  a  new  ana  generally  improved  appearance. 


from  the 
>wiDg  is 

n  air,  its 

lis  water 
ncasures 
volume, 

...  1018 
...  108 
...  3-444 

...      ■<■' 

8-683 

le  water 
having 


16-789 
36-1000 


BSpondir^ 
I  ■trnctOi« 
I,  dining- 
bare  also 
>TOmeiit8, 
4,  and  the 
by  which 
alilte  in 
arrange- 
ice. 


ANALTSn.  8T 

Sulphate  of  lime 67-168 

Sulplmto  of  magnesia , 80-864 

Chloride  of  magnesium .959 

Carbonate  of  lime 6-060 

Organic  matter  (dried  at  ai3»P.) 3740 

Carbonic  acid !!'4-B84 

Silicates  (silica  l-84t  potash  -18,  soda  -66,  magTiesia 
and  a  trace  of  oxyd.  iron) 2-O6O 

115-78a 
**  Unlike  saline  sulphurotted  waters  generally 
this  water  contains  a  :  iuute  proportion  of  chlorine 
only,  the  sulphates  of  lime  ani  magnesia  forming 
nearly  ten-elevenths  of  the  saline  matter. 

"  The  alkaline  hases  are  also  in  very  small  pro- 
portion, and  seem  to  be  united  to  the  silicious 
earths,  in  combination  with  a  peculiar  organio 
matter.  The  organic  matter,  in  its  physical  and 
chemical  character,  resembles  that  found  in  the 
water  of  the  Red  Sulphur  Springs,  and  differs 
essentially  from  the  organic  matter  of  some  ther- 
mal waters. 

"  In  ascertaining  its  weight,  it  was  rendered 
dry  at  the  temperature  of  212°  F.  When  dry,  it 
is  a  grayish- white,  translucent  solid.  When 
recently  separated  from  a  fluid  containing  it,  it 
appears  as  a  thin  jelly  or  mucilage,  and  gives  to 
a  large  bulk  of  fluid  a  mucouslike  appc  ranee, 
with  the  property  of  frothing  by  agitation.  It 
unites  with  metallic  ozydes  and  forms  compounds 
both  soluble  and  insoluble.  In  most  cases  an 
excess  of  base  renders  the  compound  insoluble. 
The  compound  with  oxyde  of  silver  is  soluble  in 


■n 


mfffamUmiUm 


i's-Vft^STtTT* 


WUm    STTLPHUn   SPRINGS. 


water ;  with  baryta  and  lime  it  does  not  form  a 
precipitate,  while  magnesia  forms  with  it  a 
hydrous  white,  gelatinous  mass.  In  acids  it  dis- 
solves ;  the  oxy-acids  do  not  change  its  composi- 
tion, while  they  are  diluted  and  cold  ;  by  boiling 
they  produ  'J  s^lphiiric  acid  from  its  constituent 
sulphur,  ar,  cliang?  its  carbon  to  other  forms. 
In  contact  -wiith  •.  ariuy  sulphates  at  a  moderate 
temperature,  it  ^jroduces  hydr6-sulphuric  acid, 
and  to  this  source  that  acid  contained  in  the  water 
may  be  traced.  This  substance  does  not  rapidly 
attract  oxygen  from  the  atmosphere,  and  from 
colored  compounds,  as  some  other  organic  com- 
pounds do.  The  proportion  of  organic  matter, 
liko  thai  usually  contained  in  our  waters,  is  in  this 
water  very  i-ioiall ;  until  forty-nine  fiftieths  of  the 
bulk  of  u  quantity  is  evaporated,  the  residual 
matter  does  not  become  colored,  and,  when  the 
saline  residue  is  dried,  it  is  of  a  pale  yellow. 

"  The  medicinal  properties  of  this  water  are 
probably  due  to  the  action  of  this  organic  sub- 
stance. The  hydro-sulphuric  acid,  resulting  from 
its  natural  action,  is  one  of  the  most  active  sub- 
stances within  the  reach  of  physicians,  and  there 
are  chemical  reasons  for  supposing  that,  after  the 
water  has  reached  the  stomach,  similar  changes, 
accompanied  by  the  product  of  hydro-sulphuric  acid, 
take  place.* 


*See  chap,  v.,  on  "  the  rdative  vMua  ef  Vu  laUne  and  gatetnu 
tMimUtfmWMUSuliphvrvtaUr." 


J 


■*'»T^«ewras>r-*»'fc'^:^g^ra(^^-:- ; 


f 


^. 


^^ 


v^, 


V1^. 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


1.1 


11.25 


Ui|2£   |M 
■tt  lii   12.2 

IS   1^    12.0 

•It 


m 


1^41 


1.6 


R' 


PhotDgraiiiic 

Sciences 

CorpOTalion 


23  WBT  MAM  STMIT 

WnSnR,N.Y.  14510 
(71«)  •72-4903 


f 


«' 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historicai  IVIicroreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductiont  historiques 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historicai  IVIicroreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductiont  historiques 


I 


ARAIiTBlB. 


-  <<  Substances,  having  oharaotero  similar  to  those 
presented  by  this  matter,  have  been  classed  with 
the  lower  order  of  living  plants.  With  such 
matters,  this  substance  does  not  belong,  in  the 
state  in  which  it  is  foand  in  the  water,  for  it 
there  forms  compounds,  the  result  of  chemical 
affinities,  wholly  incompatible  with  vital  action. 
In  its  altered  state,  produced  by  atqiospheric 
agencies,  it  may  nourish  plants  and  develop  the 
growth  of  seeds  fitted  to  such  a  soil  as  its  elements 
form."  . 

Professor  William  B.  Rogers  has  also  analyaed 
thi«  water.  The  following  is  the  result  of  his 
examinntionrf    - 

Solid  matter,  procured  by  evaporation  from  100 
cubic  inches  of  White  Sulphur  water,  weighed, 
after  being  dried  at  212°,  65*54  grains. 

Quantity  of  each  solid  ingredie,nt  in  100  cubic 
inches,  estimated  as  perfectly  free  from  water : 

Solpbateirf  Ubu 81-686  grrins. 

Bti]^teofDia«ne8i» 8"«*1       " 

SaI|>luiteof  sodK... 4-080       " 

OurtKHiate  of  Ume. ~ «.  .•  IMO       " 

OtrlMmate  of  magimfia 0-ttO«       " 

Obloride  of  magaarinm ~. ■  Wn.       " 

dhlorideofa^ttm. ^<W10       »' 

(Mnide  of  todiam.... 0-886       " 

]ftoto.aa^p|Ate  of  irwi ....- (HWO       " 

Balplnite  of  alainiiUB <Htt8       " 

JiwkbyidMlephatM »tnwe      » 

Axotind  oigaaic  nutter  blended  with  •  laige 

iniaportton  of  M^^tor,  aboot 5      •* 

laatae,  oOBttUmd  witb  sodtaa  or  nn^erinm. 


1 


90  - ,  wmxa  sqiiTBini  spungs. 

Yolame  of  each  of  the  gases  in  a  free  state,  con- 
tained in  100  cubic  inches :  * 

Bolphiiretted  hyd»ifl;«iL..» 0^  to  I'M  caMo  Inchet. 

Nitntgsn • w.i»«.>« •1*88 

Oxygen. - 0-19 

Ostbonks  add.... ....8'07 


*^100  ctdbk  iacihM  smounti  to  sboat  Bi  pints. 


Sj^te«ji&<»>^~|»a»aiajiaiii<«Mifc3faW«tiai*  ,/»,-■,,, ffy,i,,,iri,nu„i,m 


i  state,  coQ- 
caMo  Inchflt. 


m^KrVj,iwi,if-i!H!W^>i«fW".*?  "'."''■",. IJiJSCT 


flAUNB  AND  OAfiBOVS  OOMTBRTS. 


91 


CHAPTEB  VI. 

THE  RELAirVB  VIBTIJI8    OF   THE   SALINE  AJS(D 

OASEOUS  CONTENTS  OF  THE  WHITE 

SULPHUB  WATER. 

SraooiiATioy  hM  «cisted  m  to  the  relative  effi-^ 
caoy  of  the  di£ferent  component  parts  of  the  White 
Sulphur  water  in  the  cure  of  disease,  and  while 
some  have  supposed  that  its  gaseoiu  contenU  are 
essential  to  its  sanatite  virtues,  others,  ind  I 
think  the  hest  informed  obsenrers,  attribute  its 
medicinal  virtues  mainly  to  its  wdd  or  gaUne  con* 
teniB.  To  the  latter  opinion  the  able  Professor  of 
Natural  Philosophy  in  the  University  of  Virginia, 
who  hat  carefitliy  examined  the  water,  and  other 
distinguished  diemists  luid  physicians,  decidedly 
incline. 

It  certainly  is  a  question  of  interest  to  the  vale- 
tudinarian, whether  he  should  use  this  water  fresh , 
asitflowtfrom  the  i^ring,  aboondtng  in  all  its 
stimtdatiiig  g^j  or  whether  he  should  use  it  after 
it  has  parM^mt  en^JreZy  parted  with  this  gas. 
To  ^is  iubjeoi  I  have,  for  the  last  several  yeaM, 
devoted  partiottlar  attention,  having  instituted^ 
with  mm,  various  and.diversifled  experimetitSi  in  - 


■^ik 


I 


i 


98  WBio  euLBWm  ensxw. 

order  to  establish  something   like  definite  and 
positive  oonclttsions. 

Although  the  yalue  of  this  water  in  what  is 
usually  termed  its  tum^imvlating/orm,  or  in  other 
words,  when  deprived  erf  its  gas,  has  long  been 
known  to  many  who  are  familiar  with  its  use,  it 
was  ndt  until  the  last  fet^  years  that  it  was  com- 
monly ttsed  from  dioioe,  after  it  had  been  long 
removed  from  the  spring,  or  from  any  cause,  had 
parted  with  its  gaseous  contents ;  and  an  opinion, 
4^e  oorrectttjsss  of  which  had  never  b^  ewMUined, 
pcevailed  ilj  the  minds  of  many,  that  in  losing  its 
Kaa>  it  lost  its  strength  and  efficacy^ 

Having  setUed  at  the  "White,"  as  the  resident 
p%Bictaa  eif  the  plafse,  it  became  alike  my  duty 
•Od  my  interest  to  invbatigate  the  character  and 
4»pel!aitioM  of  its  waters  unddr  ev»y  possibto  form 
ami  modtficatiOB  in  which  they  could  be  presented. 
In  the  pttfsniiof  this  duty,  I  resolved  to  take  no 
opinion  upen"  trust,"  but  careftiUy  to  eattmine 
Maid  investigate  for  myMlf.  A  prominent  question 
immediately  presented  itself  for  inquiry,  invcdving 
4he  relative  mecito  which  the  wKd  and  srowoiw 
wigredi(»t8  &£  Ihei  water  po8««M'  as  remedial 
ikgcMts.  II  would  be  tedi<MW>  and,  4o  many,  unin- 
^Mwtifif  ^vtd^detaiUhe  several  steps  and  multiplied 
^isperiMsate  which  led  me  to  coBcluaites  upon  the 
imbJMt,  satisfactdry  to  my  own  miud,  and  apon 
^which  I  have  established  certain  practical  prin- 
jqibaa?Mi  ihfl  «ie  fif  1ih«  «t»t«ir,  jrhl(^  iMv»«Babled 


■\.sifiWB*aWi*n  iifat'--t*-^  M 


BALOm  AHD  eiflSOIW  GOiniNIB. 


98 


definite  and 

)r  in  what  is 
m,  or  in  other 
las  long  been 
ith  its  use,  it 
t  it  was  com- 
ad  been  long 
ny  cause,  had 
id  an  opinion, 
^  exMuined, 
kt  in  losing  its 

M  the  resident 
ilike  jny  duty 
character  and 
possible  form 
I  be  presented, 
red  to  Uk»  no 
ly  to  examine 
linent  question 
liry,  inycdiring 
d  tivA  gaseous 
i«  as  remedial 
omany,  unin- 
and  multiplied 
tsilms  upon  the 
i«d>  and  upon 
pi»MBtioal  prin- 
lilM!r»«aabl«d 


me  to  prescribe  it,  especially  for  nerwma  and 
excitable  palierUSy  with  far  greater  sacoess  than 
heretofore.  It  is  sufficient  for  my  purpose  at 
present  to  state,  that,  while  I  freely  admit  that 
the  gas,  which  abounds  in  the  water,  is  an  active 
nervine  stimulant,  and  therefore  may  be  a  most 
potent  agent  in  seme  cases,  we  are,  nevertheless, 
to  look  mainly  to  the  solid  contents  of  the  water 
for  its  aUerative  power,  as  well  as  for  its  activity 
manifested  through  the  emunotories  of  the  body. 

Whether  the  efficacy  of  the  solid  contents  be 
owing  to  the  specific  character  of  any  one^  oi:  to 
all  of  the  thirteen  different  saits  of  which  it  is  com- 
posedj  and  which  exist  in  the  water  in  the  most 
minute  form  of  subdivision,  fnd  in  this  eoadytMk>n 
enter  the  circulation}  And  course  through  the 
whole  system,  applying  themselves  to  the  diseased 
tissues ;  or,  whether  its  efficacy  to.  some  extent, 
depends  upon  the  evaiuHon  of  sulphuretted  hydro? 
gen  gas,  e^ier  the  water  has  readied^ ^osWuAf  is 
a  mai^r  of  curious  inquiry. 

The  distinguished  ebemiat,  Mr.  Hayes,  of  BdNK- 
bury,  after  having  bestowed  much  pains  in  ana- 
lyaing  the  water,  and  in  studying  its,  peculiar 
character,  comes  to  tiie  following  conclusions  as  to 
the  source. of  its  me^cinal  powejr.  After  dcwctibiag, 
at  considerable  length,  i  oertaincmatler  which  he 
found  to  abound  in  it,  and  which  he  terms  **jf^ 
ganio  maUer,' '  in  the  course  of  which  he.  sayj, 
'  it  differs  essentially  from  the  organic  matter  of 


i»awiwiiiipiirtae<!#^Wft;i?M^  ■i!;*||BK9* 


,.mM 


u 


WHITB  SULPHUft  SPBINCMB. 


some  thermal  waters,"  he  proceeds  to  say  :      In 
oontabt  with  earthy  sulphates,  at  a  moderate  tem- 
perature, it  produces  hydro-sulphuric  acid,  and  to 
thUwurce  that  aoid  omtained  in  the  water  may  be 
eroded.    This  suhstance  does  not  rapidly  attract 
oxygen  from  the  atmosphere,  and  from  colored 
oompouods,  as  some  other  organic  compounds  do  ; 
the  medicinal  prcpertiee  of  ihie  vfatet  oreprobMy 
due  to  the  action  of  thie  organic  wbetaMe,     Ihe 
hydro-sulphuric  acid,  resulting  from  its  natural 
action,  is  one  of  the  mostaoti.e  suhstanoes  within 
the  reach  of  physicians.    There  are  ehmMoi,  reo- 
wn»for  euppoeing  that,  oftae  «fte  vootet  h»  readied 
the  atomachy  similar  ehangee,  aiwmpanied  by  the 
production  qf  hydro^phurio  ocid,  take  plaoe."* 

Before  Mr.  Hayes  had  communicated  the  ahove 
opinion,  growing  out  of  his  chemical  examim^ 
tiottt,  I  had  again  and  again  been  much  interested 
with  eertain  ^enomena  which  I  haw  termed  the 
seeoMfory  fomaUon  of  gas  in  the  White  gulphur 
water.    Instances  had  fre^uenUy  been  reported  to 
mf  of  the  water  having  been  put  into  bottles  after 
it  had  bet  He  got  enUrdyt  being  void  both  of  taste 
and  smell,  and  yet,  after  thew  bottles  were  kept 
for  Kmie  di^a  in  a  warm  situation,   and  then 
opened,  the  water  appeared  equally  strong  of  tha 
hydro-snlphurie  aoid,  as  it  is  found  to  be,  fresh  at 
thefoantain.  ' 


•Sm  Hejeif*  Aiis^rBii,cliaiptar  It. 


i 


i.^Uw.ai^-ai^-^''-»«>fc'»^  1  iiJ  l-M'  it,  Ml  J  '.■'■^wHij! 


mmmmftfit 


SAUKB  AND  OASBOVB  OONTIRIS. 


96 


kosay:    "In 
loderate  tem- 
3  acid,  amd  to 
Odder  may  be 
pidly  attract 
from  colored 
Ddpounds  do ; 
f  are  probdtly 
futanee.    The 
a  its  natural 
tanoes  within 
ehenUoal  rear 
r  Aa«  readied 
ponied  by  (he 
ikeflaoe."* 
kted  the  above 
ical  exunioa- 
ach  interested 
ve  termed  the 
iThite  ^Iphur 
en  reported  to 
(o  bottles  after 
I  both  of  taste 
ties  were  kept 
in.,   and  then 
strong  of  tha 
to  be,  fresh  at 


rlT. 


In  a  shipment  of  this  water  to  Calcutta,  some 
years  since,  the  "  Transporting  Company  "  had 
the  water  bottled  in  Boston,  from  barrels  that  had 
been  filled  at  the  spring  six  months  before.    The 
water,  although  tastdesa  and  inodorous,  when  put 
into  the  bottles  at  Boston,  was  fbund,  on  its  arrival 
at  Calcutta,  so  strongly  impregnated  with  the 
hydro-sulphuric  acid  as  to  render  it  necessary, 
under  the  direction  of  an  intelligent  gentleman 
of  Boston,  (who  had  witnessed   this  secondary 
formation  of  gas  before,)  to  unoork  the  bottles  for 
some  time  before  using,  that  the  excess  q{  gas 
might  escape. 

I  had,  also,  known  that  in  the  |H-ooess  of  Oiaw^ 
ing   sulphur  water,  that   had   been    previously 
frozen,  sulphuretted  hydrogen  gas  is  evolved ;  for 
although  the  ice  has  neither  the  taste  nor  smell 
of  sulphur,  a  strpng  smell  of  sulphuretted  hydro- 
gen is  manifest  as  the  ioe  is  returning  to  water. 
I  had  often  observed  that  individuals  who  drank 
the  water  entirely  etale  and  void  alike  of  taste  and 
amea,  were  n  liable  to  have  eructations  of  sul- 
phuretted hydrdgenas  those  who  drank  it  fresh  «t 
the  fountain.    These,  and  other  facts  connected   - 
with  the  peculiar  operatioia  and  effects  of  the 
water,  when  used  in  its    <  ^vseous  form— op^- 
tions  and  effects  which  it  is  ;ot  necessary  here  to 
refer  to,  but  all  going  to  prove  the  seoontkwy^  for-?- 
mation  of  gas  under  certain  circumstances— had, 
in  my  investigations  of  this  water,  interested  me 


i 


IC  warn  guLFHim  spbings. 

exceedingly,  afcd,  ooneequently,  I  wm  not  a  little 
pleated  that  Mr.  Hayes's  chemical  examinations 
•o  fully  sustained  the  opinions  I  had  heen  led  to 
entertain  from  my  personal  ohservation. 

This  opinion  of  Mr.  Hayes,  in  connection  with 
the  numerous  proofs  derived  from  analogy  and 
ohsenration,  of  the  teoondary  formation  of  sul- 
phuretted hydrogen  gas  in  the  water,  would  seem 
to  be  oalculftted  to  harmonize  the  opinion  advanced 
by  me  of  the  equal  ^hsaoy  of  the  water  when 
deprived  of  its  gas,  with  the  sentiment  entertained 
by  soqie,  that  the  hydrogen  gas  is  essential  to  its 
sanative  operationa 

r  The  phenomena  of  a  geoondaiy  formation  of  sul- 
phuretted hydrogen  gas  in  mineral  waters  has  not, 
that  I  am  aware  of,  heen  noticed  before;  it  cer- 
tainly has  not  been 'in  relation  to  the  White 
Balphur,  and  we  hop;  Uiat  medical  gentlemen, 
genarally,  who  may  have  occasion  to  use  such 
waters,  will  direct  attention  to  this  singular  fact. 
For  myself,  I  prdinise  i^ill  further  to  investigate 
the  subject,  and  may,  at  some  subsequent  period, 
lay-  the  results  of  my  investigations  before  the 
nedieal  public. 

My  investigations  of  the  relative  virtues  of  the 
gaseous  and  saline  contents  of  this  water,  have 
satisfied  me  that  the  physician,  in  making  up  his 
judgment  as  to  the  best  method  of  administering 
it  in  particular  oases,  may  always  properly  moot 
Oie  proprie^  «f  Mifig  it  y^esfc  as  it  flows  from 


UMiiaiiiieMkttMiKii 


MWMUMiWMi>»t'>k»'.^^'-i^«U^ 


SAUNK  AND  QASEOUB  CONTENTS. 


9T 


M  not  a  little 
examinations 
ad  been  led  to 
ion. 

aneotion  with 
analogy  and 
lation  of  aul- 
r,  would  seem 
nion  advanced 
»  water  when 
int  entertained 
Buential  to  its 

rm<Uio»  of  sul- 
vaters  has  not, 
t>efore ;  it  cer- 
to  the  White 
al  gentlemen, 
I  to  use  snoh 
I  singular  fact. 
'  to  inrestigate 
B^neni  period, 
m»  hefore  the 

virtues  of  the 
is  water,  have 
making  up  his 
administering 
properlj  moot 
it  flows  Irom 


the  spring,  deprived  of  its  gas,  or  with  modified 
quantities.  He  should  bear  in  mind  that  there 
are  cases  in  which  it  is  preferable  that  the  water 
should  be  used  stale  and  that,  by  depriving  it  in 
whde  or  in  part  of  its  gas,  he  can  graduate  that 
amount  of  stimulus  to  the  system,  which  it  may 
demand,  and  this,  inmost  cases,  without  lessening 
the  actively  operative  or  alterative  effects  of 'the 
water. 

For  some  patients,  the  White  Sulphur,  as  it 
flows  from  the  spring,  is  toos^tmu^o/injir,  and  hence, 
before  the  non-stimulating  method  of  using,  it  wa& 
introduced,  many  such  patients  left  the  spring, 
either  without  giving  the  water  a  trial,  or  actually 
rendered  worse  by  its  stimulating  influence.  This 
class  of  persons  can  now  use  the  water  when  de- 
•  privedof  its  gas,  not  only  with  impunity,  but  often 
with  the  happieat  results.  Numerous  cures, 
effected  by  its  use  in  the  last  ten  or  fifteen  years, 
have  been  in  that  class  of  patients  by  whom  the 
water,  fresh  at  the  Spring,  could  not  have  been 
used  without  injury.  The  cases  of  Mr.  Morton, 
of  Mississippi,  and  J.  L.  Jernagan,  Esq.,  repeated 
at  large  in  a  pamphlet  published  in  1841,  are 
pertinent  examples  of  such  oases. 

In  cases  of  nervous  persons,  and  especially  in 
those  whose  brain  is  prone  to  undue  excitement,  I 
have  often,  found  it  necessary,  either  by  freezing 
or  heating  the  water,  to  throw  off  its  gas  com- 
pletely, before  it  could  be  tolerated  by  the  system  ; 


w 


mmm 


mmm 


98 


WBITI  SCiraiTR  SPRINGS. 


and  fome  of  the  happiest  results  I  haro  eror 
witnessed  from  the  use  of  the  water  hare  been 
aohioved  by  it  after  being  thus  prepared.  The 
oases  of  Mrs.  H.,  of  Georgia,  and  of  Mr.  B.,  of 
Massachusetts,*  the  one  afflicted  with  disease  of 
the  stomach  and  chest,  the  other  with  chronic 
inflammation  of  the  brain,  are  instances,  among 
scores  of  others  that  might  be  referred  to.  But 
this  is  not  all.  With  the  yiew  of  guarding 
effectually  against  errors  that  might  arise  from  a 
defect  in  my  own  obserTations,  I  procured  the 
assistance  of  several  physicians,  and  other  intel- 
ligent gentlemen,  all  of  whom  were  familiar  with 
the  operations  and  effects  of  the  water  when  drunk 
fresh  at  the  spring,  'and  who,  with  the  view  of 
testing  the  facts  I  have  Mentioned,  used  it  them- 
selves, and  gave  it  to  others,  after  it  had  been  long 
removed  from. the  spring,  and  with  the  same  results 
that  they  had  previously  experienced  in  their  own 
persons,  or  witnessed  in  others,  from  like  q^uan- 
tities  of  the  freah  water  abounding  in  its  gas. 

My  o^eot  in  priescribing  White  Sulphur  has 
been  to  pursue  a  discriminating  or  path)U)gical 
practice.  I  regard  it  as  an  active  and  potent 
medicine,  And  believe  that^  like  all  such  lAedicines, 
it"^  should  be  used  with  a  wise  reference  to  the 
nature  of  the  case,  and  the  state  of  the  system. 
I  muBt  noi  be  understood  a»  advancing  tJu  opinion, 

*Beported  at  luge  in  »  pamphlet  pabliabed  in  1841. 


MWiMiiltiHNl 


MM 


I  hftTo  ovor 
er  hare  been 
fepared.  The 
of  Mr,  B.,  of 
ith  disease  of 
with  chronic 
Ances,  among 
rred  to.  Bnt 
of  guarding 
t  arise  from  a 

procured  the 
1  other  intel- 
familiar  with 
ir  when  drunk 
h  the  view  of 
used  it  them- 

had  been  long 
e  same  results 
I  in  their  own 
m  like  quan- 
n  its  gas. 

Sulphur  has 
tT  pathdlbgtcal 
B  and  potent 
ich  lAedicines, 
:erence  to  the 
f  llie  system. 
ig  the  opinion, 

bed  in  1841. 


•mm 


iimMimimm!»i'i)m.f,.':'vm0 


SAUNA  AND  OABBOUS  CONTENTS. 


99 


thtd  this  wcUer  i$  always  to  be  preferred  after  the 
escape  of  its  gas.  I  entertain  no  such  opinion  ; 
on  the  contrary,  for  a  large  class  of  visitors,  I 
think  it  preferable  that  they  should  avail  them- 
selves of  the  use  of  the  water  either  at,  or  recently 
removed  from  the  fountain,  and  as  it  naturally 
abounds  in  its  gases.  There  are  other  cases  in 
which  the  exciting  influence  of^the  gas  can  only 
..bo  borne  in  a  mare  limited  degree,  and,  for  such,  I 
permit  its  partial  escape  before  using  it,  while  in 
a  numerous  class  of  cases,  (and  especially  on  first 
commencing  the  use  of  the  water,)  I  esteem  it 
indispensable  to  its  quick  and  beneficial  operation, 
that  its  unoombinedgas,  which  gives  taste  and  smdl, 
should  have  escaped. 

In  recommending  the  White  Sulphur,  then,  to 
the  use  of  Jhe  invalid,!  esteem  it  quite  as  necessary 
to  investigate  the  manner  of  using,  as  relates  to  its 
fresh  or  stale  quality,  as  it  is  in  reftrence  to  its 
dose,  or  the  times  of  administering  it ;  and  for 
neither  would  I  lay  down  positive  and  absolute 
rules  in  advance ;  for  each  case  must,  in  the  nature 
of  things,  give  rules  for  its  own  government.'*' 


*  tt  ia  now  more  than  twenty-five  years  since  the  author  first 
eased  pobUc  attentkn  to  the  in^witance,  indeed,  the  atwolute 
neeiMfdty,  in  many  cases,  (rf  the  invalid's  using  this  water  in  its 
uttffimimt  or  ItaH  stimulating  form. 

Like  all  fanovations  upon  old  tqrinions  and  cuBt(«M„  it  met 
with  its  hasty  ot^twtoni  <^  <>'>*•  ^  o^^*"^  experience  was  not 
long  in  estalAshing  the  soundness  and  value  of  the  leoom- 


100 


WHITB  SUIPHUB  OPRIKOS. 


The  great  value  of  this  water,  as  a  therapeutical 
agent,  to  a  large  class  of  persons  who  visit  the 
fountain,  is  a  fact  alike  unquestioned  and  unques- 
tionahle.  That  in  its  natural  condition,  as  it  flows 
from  the  bosom  of  the  earth,  it  is  happily  adapted 
to  numerous  cases  of  disease,  is  a  truth  established 
by  upwards  of  sixty  years'  experience,  as  well  as 
fully  sustained  by  the  numerous  cures  that  are 
constantly  occurring.  The  great  value  of  the 
water,  then,  fresh  as  it  flows  from  the  spring,  and 
abounding  in  its  .gas,  is  a  truth,  so  far  as  I  know, 
that  is  unaaaaUed,  and  which,  I  believe,  is  wuu- 
aaSaile.  Nevertheless,  that  there  are  many  cases 
in  whioli  the  gas  is  not  beneficial,  in  <Ae  amount  in 
which  it  exists  in  the  fresh  water,  is  a  fact  which 
my  experience  enaMes  me  to  assert  with  the  ut- 
most confidence.  That  the  water,  in  such  cases, 
therefore,  is  better  without  its  gas  than  with  it, 
follows  as  effect  follows  cause.  But  I  do  not  teach 
that  the  wateir,  per  se,  and  without  reference  to 
cases,  should  always  be  preferred  without  its  gas. 
I  base  not  my  practice  upon  any  such  nalrrow  and 
exclusive  views  j  nor  do  I  deny  the  value  of  the 
agency  of  the  gas  in  appropriate  cases. 

mendatioii,  and  now  we  hftve  the  gntifioatiaii  to  kaowthit  it 
iB  TOguded  by  all  weH-infomed  pcnons  u  a  Jttei  prineiple  in 
the  turn  of  the  water,  that,  to  be  |ned  auMjaad  mostboieflcialfy, 
in  yery  many  eases,  it  must  be  used  with  strict  referaice  to  its 
fl^nhot  ttak  qwdity;  or,  in  other  words,  to  its  aUintOatinii  te 
nmFtHmMkiiiiff  dfocHu. 


mtmm 


mitimimmmmtmmm 


atimmm 


muiBi) 


IM 


SALINE  AND   GASHOUS  OOKTENIB. 


101 


therapeutical 
rho  visit  the 
and  unques- 
m,  as  it  flows 
ppily  adapted 
>h  established 
!e,  as  well  as 
ires  that  are 
ralue  of  the 
B  spring,  and 
ir  as  I  know, 
ieve,  is  utuu- 
e  many  cases 
the  amount  in 
a  fact  which 
with  tfaeut- 
i  such  cases, 
than  with  it, 
do  not  teach 
reference  to 
ihout  its  gas. 
I  narrow  and 
value,  of  the 

IS. 


to  kaowtlut  it 
Ikuit  priitelple  ia 
■HMtboieAiially, 
t  referance  to  its 
te  tUmtiiatifig  tit 


I,  then,  regard  the  tdid  contents  of  the  White 
Sulphur  water,  either  in  its  direct  or  indirect  in- 
fluences, as  the  main  agency  in  its  medicinal 
efficacy.  Whether  the  efficacy  of  the  salts  of  the 
water  be  owing  to  their  absorption  into  the  system 
as  such,  or  whether  it  depends  upon  the  secondary 
formMtion  of  hydro'sulphuric  acid  gas  in  the 
stomach,  or  whether  it  ought  to  be  ascribed  to  the 
combination  of  these  different  agencies,  I  leave  for 
others  more  fond  of  speculation  to  decide.  I  have, 
heretofore,  been  satisfled  with  the  knowledge  of  the 
efficacy  of  the  solid  contents,  without  much  theo- 
rizing to  explain  the  why  and  wherefore. 

But,  it  may  be  asked,  if  the  gas  does  good  in  the 
state  of  a  secondary  formation  in  the  stomach, 
would  not  a  larger  qpantity,  taken  with  the  fresh 
water,  do  more  good  ?  I  reply,  that  this  by  no 
means  follows  in  that  class  of  cases  for  which  I 
specially  -dvise  the  ungaseous  water  ;  for  my  only 
objection  to  the  fresh  water,  in  such  cases,  is,  that 
it  has  too  much  gas.  Admitting  that  the  gas  may 
exert  an  influence,  I  allege  that  in  nervous  and 
excitable  <»8es  the  quantity  is  not  only  better 
adapted  to  the  system,  but  that  any  given 
quantity,  under  a  secondary  formaiion,  excites  the 
system  less,  from  its  gradual  formation  in  the 
stomach,  than  if  suddenly  received  in  volupie  into 
that  viscus. 

Kor  do  I,  because  I  recommend  the  ungaseous 
water  in  partictika'  cases,  repudiate  and  disallow 


102 


vmra  sucpbur  sPRiNaB. 


all  medicinal  aj^enoy  of  the  gas,  as  a  general 
principle  ?  Not  at  all.  I  simply  contend  that, 
for  the  trtkUment  of  certain  ocuea,  there  i»  more  <^  the 
etimukUinggcu  in  the  fresh  water  than  such  cases 
can  bear  with  advantage,  and  that  its  excessive 
^citation  in  sach  oases  wonld  be  prejndioial 
instead  of  beneficial. 

■  But  do  I  find  it  necessary  to  guard  the  amount 
of  gas  for  every  water  .drinker?  or  in  effect  to 
erect  a  bed  of  ProcrtMfes,  and  oblige  every  one  to 
conform  to  its  length  ?  By  no  means.  A.  arrives 
at  the  spHngs,  not  much  debilitated  by  disease, 
and  with  a  firm,  nervous,  and  muscular  system ; 
there  is  no  excessive  excitability  in  his* case,  and 
neither  his  cerebral,  njsrvous,  nor  vascular  system 
is  particularly  prone  to  be-  afeoted  by  stimulants 
or  ejtoiting  medicines.  I  advise  him  to  use  the 
water  tu  it  flows  fimm  the  .fiHiniain,  and  if  he 
should,  contrary  to  expectation,  find  thatitstimu-' 
lates  him  unpleasantly,  to  set  it  by  for  a  short 
time  before  using. 

B.  calls  ibr  advice  as  to  the  manner  of  using  the 
watel- ;  his  ^emperainen^,  and  the  state  of  his 
cerebral,  nervous,  and  vascular  system  is  the 
.  opposite  of  A.'s  *,  his  physical  energies  have  been 
prostrated  by  disease ;  his  nerves  are  unatrunff, 
and,  like  his  bmin,  prone  to  be  painfully  al^ted 
by  stimulants  or  exciting  medicines.  He  is 
advised  to  use  the  water  after  it  faa«,  either 
patikM^  oar  en^vi^jr,  parted  with  its  gaa;  thtttis, 


niiiiiiiiii 


irtiiiiBnaiiBlilwiiiiMiai 


BALINX  ASh  QABMOm  OOJSIVBIITS. 


103 


«  a  general 
ontend  that, 
i»  more  (^  the 
Q  such  cases 
its  excessive 
3  prejudicial 

the  amount 
in  effect)  to 
every  one  to 
.  ii.  arrives 
I  by  disease, 
alar  system ; 
liis*  case,  and 
leular  system 
y  stimulants 
1  to  use  the 
V,  and  if  he 
that  it  stimu*^ 
r  for  a  short 

^of  using  the 
state  of  his 
^stem  is  the 
es  have  been 
vte  unaktmff, 
Ebtly  al^ted 
net.  He  is 
t  has,  either 
gaa;  tha^ifl, 


after  it  has  been  set  by  for  twdve  or  eighteen  Itourt, 
as  the  delicacy  and  excitability  of  his  system 
demand. 

In  cases  of  inflammation  of  the  parenchyma  of 
the  brain,  and  in  other  highly  excitable  conditions 
of  th«  cerebral  or  nervous  system,  I  have  the 
water  more  carefully  prepared,  either  by  heating 
or  freesing  it.  I  have  a  case  at  this  time  under 
treatment,  in  the  person  of  Mrs.  F.y  in  which 
thbre  is  such  an  extreme  susceptibility  of  the  braioit 
that  absolute  derangement,  for  several  hours,  was 
the  consequence,  in  several  instances,  of  taking 
two  glasses  of  the  water  fresh  from  the  spring  ; 
although  -she  bears  with  impunity,  and  is 
improving  rapidly,  under  prepared  water. 

In  graduating  the,  amount  of  stimulus,  or,  if 
tbB  gaseous  tiraorist  please,  the  amount  of  medical 
material  to  the  wante  of  the  system— in  other 
words,  varyiingihe  preeaiption  to  tuit  the  oa«e-«am 
I  departing  fi^m  a  scientific  and  approved  system 
of  practice?  What  would  be  thought  of  the 
science  of  a  medical  man,  who  invariably  used 
either  the  same  medicine,  or  the  same  dose  of  any 
medioinoj  without  regard  to  the  peculiarities  or 
constitution  of  his  patients  ?  Just  what  ought  to 
be  thought  of  mOf  or  any  one,  who  would  direct 
sopotontanageatas  White  Sulphur  water  to  be 
used  alike  in  every  variety  of  constitution  and 
disease. 

▲  popular  error,  in  r^tiea  to  miaenl  watmn^^ 


i 


104 


wHm  smurauK  spbincmi. 


is  that  they  exert  a  sort  of  mysterious  influence  on 
the  system ;  and  that,  as  nature  has  elaborated 
them  in  the  bowels  of  the  earth,  they  are,  there- 
fore, formed  in  the  best  possible  manner  for  the 
cure  of  disease.  This  opinion  is  not  more 
reasonable  than  it  would  be  to  suppose  that  nature 
has  formed  antimony  in  the  best  possible  form,  for 
the  cure  of  disease-,  although  we  know  that  in 
this  form,  under  the  administration  of  the  cele- 
brated Basil  Valentine,  it  slew  all  the  monks  in  his 
cloister.  ' 

Like  all  other  remedial  agents,  potent  mineral 
waters  produce  certain  effects  npon  the  animal 
economy,  and  these  ^ects  will  be  beneficial  or 
injurious,  as  the  remedy  is  properly  or  improperly 
employed.  For  instance,  C.,  who  is  nervous, 
delicate,  and  excitable,  and  is  affSscted  with. 
ftt&cUoD4l  derangement  of  the  organs,  requires  to 
ceOMve,  lor  a  certain  time,  the^  infinence  of  a 
mineral  water,  which,  while  it  acts  as  an  aperient 
upon  his  bowels,  enters  his  circulation,  oomrses 
through  his  system^  and  aJteroles  his  dersnigcd 
organs ;  being,  at  the  s^ne  time,  so  Uand  and 
irastimolating  in  its  general  eff^,  as  not  to 
MSKMft  any  ono,  or  a  series  of  organs  into  undue 
(«cit«D»ent  aud  rebellion  against  the  common 
good;  Such  a  remedy  is  found  in  the  eteUe  and 
^iiSHiseotts  White  Sulfur  water. 

D.  requires  the  very  same  effects  to  be  exerted 
upon  his  diseased  organs,— -but  ho   is  of  very 


■MMiiiiMiii 


imm»itft0immitt 


1 


ilBiMilH 


I  influence  on 
>•  elaborated 
Y  are,  there- 
nner  for  the 
I  not  more 
B  that  nature 
ble  form,  for 
now  that  in 
of  the  cele- 
i  monks  in  fais 

tent  mineral 
1  the  animal 
beneficial  or 
r  improperly 
is  nervous, 
ffSscted  with . 
B,  requires  to 
fiuence  of  a 
B  an  aperient 
tion,  eo^ses 
liis  deranged 
lo  Uand  and 
kf  as  not  to 
I  into  undue 
the  common 
he  tkUe  and 

>  be-  exerted 
is  of  yery 


irri  if  iiiiii  imiftiii-iuijiiiiii 


bAURl  AHD  OASaOTO  OONTmnS. 


different  temperament  and  constitution.  His 
brain  and  nerves  are  prone  to  no  unnatural  excite- 
ment, and  he  is  unaffected  with  the  thousand 
physical  sensibilities  to  which  C.  is  subject.  D. 
may  take  the  White  Sulphur  water  with  impunity 
and  advantage,  In  any  manner  most  agreeable  to 
him.  In  his  case  its  exciting  gas  constitutes  no 
objection  to  its  use.  The  good  effects  of  the  water, 
so  differently  used  by  G.  and  D.,  will  be  the  same, 
because  the  clifferenoe  in  their  oases  makes  the 
d^erence  in  the  use  of  the  remedy. 


ilBi 


106 


WHUS  nnuPHVB  SPinrcNS. 


'r 


I  t 


CHAPTEB  TIT. 

OENBRAL    DIRBOnONB   FOR   THE   USB    OP    THE 
WHITS  8ULPH13R  WATER' 

JUnOifm  meant  to  6«  OMtral,  not  Spee^k^^^  not  OeMraay 
to<*toeuSmMh()per<ai<mtftheWattfrf<M'  Uihtit  ^telt- 

.  Moderate  or  6maU  Qumtitlu  QtMnta^  Puftrtm-Tk*  heit 
TimMfortakintU^Lmtfk<^  TimffriOiAitikoMbeUtd 
^Neemiary Prtfomitimttf  Vu agittm  for Vu  Vmef»»  WaUr 

BgnaptlB  tf  J{«to  tote  Obtened-Vm  tf  BaOit. 

MooH  that  might  h&ve  been  said  under  this 
head,  haa  been  anticipated  in  the  chapter  on 
"  mineral  waters  in  general." 

It  is  scarcely  necessary  to  remark,  after  all  that 
has  heretofore  been  said  of  the  necessity  of  using 
MnrmuL  Waxbbs  with  tirid  reference  to  (&e  nature 
of  ike  diaeaeein  wAtcfc  they  are  em^^xtyed^  that  it  is 
not  designed  that  the  directions,  herein  given, 
ihall  be  considered  sufficient  to  guide  in  tiie  use 
of  the  White  Sulphur  in  all  cases,  or  in  any  diffi- 
«nlt  and  important  case,  to  the  exclusion  qI  the 
more  minute  and  specific  directions,  which  such 
*  mse  may  demand.  It  is  my  intention  rather  to 
indicate  the  gewmi  nrfes,  which  ordinarily  must 
he  obsenred  in  its  administration,  than  tp  lay 


^ifmmimmt'Ui^tlA 


mmtn^immtii 


i'jiifi)i'riiiitiiittii'i''fi  tf  I '  "•  "IT"'  '■^"^"'^""^g'*^ 


m 


II  » ^'iitMiiiii'irt  ■».,([ ■<iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii.iiiiiiaiiniiMim 


USE  OF  THE 
BR.' 

¥u$t  not  QmercMy 
ff&thtit  SS«i*»- 

M«i*MtUie  Xlui 
he  Vmqfik»  Water 
feeteonthtPtUte- 
lOe. 

Ad.  under  this 
be  chapter  on 

c,  after  all  that 
«Mity  of  using 
ice  to  t^  nature 
'oi/edi  that  it  is 
herein  given, 
uide  in  the  use 
or  in  any  diffi- 
xclosion  <^  the 
>nsi  which  such 
ntion  rather  to 
>rdinarily  must 
n,  than  tp  lay 


■ifiwir 


fe^i«tei8M»!Matt^ 


onnnAL  mBacnoira. 


107 


down  definite  directions  which  shall  apply  to  all 
cases. 

Every  one  who  is  &niiliar  with  the  Tarions 
types  of  disease,  and  with  the  pecnliarities  and 
radical  difference  in  diffbrent  constitutions  and 
temperaments,  modifying  and  influencing  dis- 
eased action,  will  at  once  he  satisfied  of  the 
impossibility  of  laying  «down  any  absolute  rule, 
for  the  use  of  a  potent  mineral  water,  that  should 
he  strictly  adhered  to  in  all  oases.  Each  case,  to 
a  certain  extent,  must,  with  this,  as  with  all 
other  medicinal  agents,  indicate  the  proper  dose, 
and  the  proper  manner  of  administration. 

As  has  heen  already  remarked,  it  is  very  omi- 
mon  to  attribute  the  beneficial  effects  of  mineral 
waters  to  their  immediate  tenuihU  and  olfvwui 
effects  Upon  the  human  b6dy.  I  have  shown  this 
opinion  to  beerroneons-^hat,  so  fitrfrom  it  being 
true  that  such  waters  uni£»rmly  manifest  their 
beneficial  effisots  by  their  active  opetatiomt  >vch 
operations  frequently  delay,  or  entirely  prevent, 
the  good  which  they  otherwise  would  have  aooomr 
plished  through  the  medium  of  their  aUemiive 
effects. 

Th(Me  who  desire'to  obtain  the  aUerc^ve  opera- 
tions  of  the  water,  must,  as  a  gmaral  ruU,  take  it 
in  small  t^uantities,  and  continue  its  use  for  such 
length  of  time  as  will  be  suffixnent,  in  commOtt  ' 
spriiig  parlance,  to  "saturate  the  system/'  Pa- 
tients ikiVB  using  the  water  are  apt,  however,  to 


108 


wHin  suirauB  spBoras. 


become  restlesi  and  diasatiBfied  for  the  first  few 
days;  so  much  so,  that  it  is  often  difficult  to 
reconcile  them  to  this  manner  of  administration  ; 
because,  say  they,  "it  is  doing  me  no  good;" 
they  wish  to  see  such  tokens  of  activity  as  are 
given  by  prompt  and  vigorous  purgation.  In  a 
general  way,  it  is  preferable  that  the  water  act 
sufficiently  on  the  bowels,  eyen  when  given  in 
reference  to  its  aU«reUive  ^eott,  to  obviate  th6 
necessity  of  giving  any  other  medicine  for  that 
purpose ;  but  it  is  often  better  to- use  some  mild 
purgative  from  the  shops,  to  effect  this  object  for 
the  first  few  days,  than  that  the  quantity  of  water 
should  be  greaUy  increased. 

Comparatively  but  ,few  strangers,  who  visit  the 
White  Sulphur,  are  aware  ef  the  potency  of  its 
watdrs,  and,  under  the  fiilse  impression  that  no 
harm  will  arise  from  any  quantity  the  stomach 
will  bear,  man;|^  are  induced  to  use  them  in  quan- 
tities that  not  only  defeat  their  sanative  effects, 
but  do  much  positive  injury. 

I  have  just  remarked  that  it  is  often  difficult  to 
recot^le  patients  to  the  use  of  smi^l  and  inop- 
erative quantities  of  this  water.  Many  such 
iniptances  come  under  my  observatibn,  and  B<mie  in 
which  painful  experience  alone  could  control.  A 
prominent  case  of  this  kind  occurred  in  my  prac- 
tice several  years  since,  in  th^  person  of  Mr.  C. 
He  was  under  treatment  for  a  complicated-  stomach 
and  neuralgic  affection,  and  had  used  the  water 


tiiiiiiiiMWiiuiiMJiMMitiiaii;^^^ 


tm^ 


the  first  few 
A  difficult  to 
niniitration ; 
9  no  good;" 
ttivity  M  are 
Ration.  la  a 
;he  water  act 
len  giren  in 
obviate  th^ 
cine  for  that 
le  Bome  mild 
his  ohject  for 
ititjr  of  water 

who  visit  the 
potency  of  its 
ision  that  no 
the  stomach 
hem  in  quan- 
lative  effects, 

en  difficalt  to 
M  and  inop- 
Hany  such 
,  and  wome  in 
i  eontrol.  A 
I  iia  my  pcac- 
lon  of  Mr.  0. 
iatod- stomach 
led  the  water 


OENSRAL  DiBicrnoirs. 


109 


twelve  days,  in  small  doses,  with  good  effect;  he 
was  lodging  at  one  of  the  adjoining  hotels,  and, 
believing  that  he  was  doing  well,  I  did  not  see 
him  for  two  or  three  days,  and  then  casually  met 
with  him.    I  was  astonished  to  find  him  greatly 
changed  for  the  worse.   His  appetite,  before  good, 
had  almost  entirely  ceased ;  his  system  was  irri- 
table and  feverish ;  could  not  sleep  at  night ;  and 
in  every  respect  was  sensibly  worse ;  had  begun 
to  despair,  and  proposed  leaving  for  home,  as  he 
was  "  satisfied  the  water  was  not  agreeing  with 
him."    I  accused  him  of  impropriety  in  diet,  or 
of  other  imprudedoes,  but  he  satisfied  me  that  he 
had  followed  my  directions  in  all  such  things,  but 
that  he  had  so  far  varied  from  my  advice  in  the 
use  of  the  water,  as  to  take'Miefoen  instead  of  tix 
glasses  daily,  for  the  last  few  days.    I  advised 
this  gentlenuin,  as  I  would  all  others  who  have 
committed  a  similar  "debauch"  on  cold  water, 
to  discontinue  its  use  entirely  for  a  time,  and  then 
return  to  the  use  of  it  in  rational  doses.    This 
plan  was  pursued  by  him,  and  with  the  happiest 
results. 

The  opinion  is  as  common  as  it  is  erroneous, 
among  those  who  visit  mineral  waters,  that  they 
are  to  be  benefited  in  proportion  to  the  quantity 
they  drink.  Persons  in  health,  or  not  debilitated 
by  disease,  do  sometimes  indulge  in  enormously 
large  and  long-continued  potations  of  such  waters, 
with  apparent  impunity ;  but  it  by  no  means  fol- 
io 


110 


WHITB  SULPHOE  8PBINCN9. 


Ibwa  that  those  whose  stomachs  are  enervated  by 
disease,  and  whose  general  health  is  much  en- 
feebled, can  indulge  the  habit  with  equal  si^fety. 
In  such  stomachs  the  effects  oi  inordinate  disten- 
tion are  ^Iways  painful  and  injurious,  while  the 
sudden  diminution  of  the  temperature,  from  large 
quantities  of  cold  fluid  suddenly  thrown  into  the 
system,  can  scarcely  fail  to  prove  injurious. 

I  sometimes  meet  with  another  class  of  visitors, 
who  err  just  as  much  on  the  opposite  extreme ; 
they  arrive  at  the  springs,  and  place  themselves 
under  the  government  of  a  recuae  for  the  use  of 
the  water,  drawn  up,  most  commonly,  by  some 
distant  medical  adviser,  who  has  never  himself 
had  an  opportunity  oif  observing  its  effects  ;  and 
such  not  unfrequently  take  this  aqtta  medidnalis 
in  literally  broken  doaet; — ^in  quantities  altogether 
hoLSofflcient  to  produce  any  sanative  effect. 

• 

PERIODS  FOR  THE  USE  OF  THE  WATER,  ETC. 

The  proper  time  for  using  the  water  is  in  the 
morning  before  breakfast,  wjien  the  stomach  is 
empty,  and  the  absorbent  vessels  most  active.  It 
may  generally  be  used  to  advantage  an  hour  or 
two  before  dinner,  and  before  going  to  bed  at 
night. 

In  many  cases  it  is  best  that  the  whole  that  is 
taken  in  the  course  of  the  day,  bo  divided  into  two 
parts,  and  taken,  either  in  the  morning  before 


■«i|Si^»!SN«MMiMMwil 


mmmu 


iiiiMiliiri>i 


iBiaiiiiMim^iMMii'im^^ 


omnRAL  DiRBonoira. 


Ill 


enervated  by 
is  much  on- 
equal  si^fety. 
dinate  disten- 
)UB,  while  the 
re>  flrom  large 
rown  into  the 
nrions. 
UB8  of  yisitors, 
lite  extreme; 
ce  themselveB 
or  the  use  of 
snly,  by  some 
leyer  himself 
I  effects ;  and 
ua  medidnaits 
lies  altogether 
effect. 


ATER,  ETC.    ; 

ater  is  in  the 
le  stomach  is 
wt  active.  It 
B  an  hour  or 
ing  to  bed  at 

whole  that  is 
rided  into  two 
>rning  before 


breakfast,  and  a  short  time  before  dinner ;  or  in 
the  morning,  and  a  short  time  before  going  to 
bed  at  night. 

Advantage  is  very  seldom  seoared  from  the 
water  being  taken  before  supper,  and  often  it  is 
prejudicial  from  its  proneness  to  ran  off-by  the 
kidneys.  Observation  leads  me  to  believe  that, 
as  a  general  rule,  the  water  taken  before  breaJ^cutf 
and  before  going  to  bed  at  night,  is  most  serviceable 
to  a  majority  of  invalids ;  though  there  are  some 
who  cannot  very  well  bear  it  at  night,  and  attention 
should  always  be  paid  to  this  circumstance. 

It  should  not  be  used  immediately  before  or 
after  a  meal ;  nor  should  glass  after  glass  ordi- 
narily be  taken  in  rapid  awxeasion.  By  this  repre- 
hensible practice  the  stomach -is  overtasked,  and, 
immediately,  unpleasant  consequences  result,  such 
as  eructations,  giddiness,  unpleasant  excitation,  and 
a  painful  sense  of  fullness,  and  sometimes  a  perma- 
nent injury  of  the  stomach  with  atonic  dysptpsia. 
Such  a  course  also  disposes  the  water  to  run  off 
hastily  by  Che  kidneys— an  operation  for  which  it 
has  naturally  a  strong  tendency,  and  which  often 
embarrasses  in  its  administration. 


LKNQTH  OF  TIME  TO  USE  THE  WATER 

The  length  of  time  the  invalid  should  continue 
the  use  of  the  water,  depends  entirely  upon  the 


112 


WHITB  8ULPBUH  BPBIR08. 


natwre  of  the  cate — the  manner  in  which  it  has 
been  used,  and  the  ausotptibilitiet  of  the  tysiem. 
Moft  erroneous  notions  exist  in  a  largo  portion 
of  the  pnblio  mind  upon  this  subject.  Many 
believe  that  it  will  exert  all  its  good  influences, 
or,  as  they  say,  will  <*  saturate  the  system,"  in 
eight  or  ten  days ;  others  allow  it  two,  three,  and 
four  weeks>  to  effect  the  same  object.  Now,  the 
truth  is  that  the  time  in  which  the  ultimate  good 
effects  of  the  water  are  accomplished,  always 
depends,  as  before  remarked,  upon  circumstances 
— upon  the  nature  of  the  case,  the  manner  in  which 
U  hae  been  used,  and  upon  the  nucqttibUities  qfthe 
$ffetem.  Some  persons  will  be  thrown  as  fully 
under  its  influence  ip  two  weeks  as  others  will 
be  in  four;  and  yet  it  may  be  equally  well 
adapted  to  each  case.  In  every  case  of  its  admin- 
istoation,  respect  should  rather  be  had  to  the 
^eete  it  is  producing  than  to  the  time  it  has  been 
used.  It  never  cures  diseases  until  it  has  first 
produced  certain  ^eote  upon  the  animal  economy, 
— ^Bnraois  which  can  always  be  distiirguished  by 
t)ie  practiced  observer  during  the  progress  of  their 
operation,  with  the  same  certainty  with  which  we 
can  distinguish  the  effects  under  the  alterative 
operation  of  mercury. 

It  often  happens  that  persons,  to  whose  cases 
the  water  is  well  adapted,  use  it  assiduously  for 
three  or  four  weeks,  without  deriving  a  particle  of 
permanent  benefit ;  and  all  in  oonseqnmice  of  so 


MMMliilMMIiiW 


which  it  has 
of  the  wyatem. 
largo  portion 
)ject.  Many 
>d  influences, 
I  system,"  in 
ro,  three,  and 
it.  Now,  the 
ultimate  good 
ished,  always 
circamstances 
WMT  in  which 
iibUitiM  <^  the 
>own  as  fully 
«  others  will 
equally  well 
of  its  admin- 
)  had  to  the 
ne  it  has  heen 
il  it  has  first 
mal  economy, 
iffguished  hy 
)gre8s  of  their 
rith  which  we 
the  alteratiye 

0  whose  cases 
Bsiduously  for 
g  a  particle  of 
eqnence  of  so 


mmmmmmammmmi 


OmRAL  DIRKmOKS. 


118 


imi-f o[)erly  using  it,  both  in  time  and  quantity^  as 
to  force  it  out  of  the  system  by  the  emunctories, 
without  "  touching  the  case," — without  being 
permitted  to  tarry  long  enough  to  produce  any  of 
those  aalutary  ^ec<«  which  must  precede  a  cure. 

It  cannot,  therefore,  be  too  earnestly  urged 
upon  those  who  are  using  the  water  for  any 
obitinate  di$e(ue,  to  have  their  attention  fixed  upon 
the  ^eds  which  it  is  producing,  or  has  produced, 
rather  than  upon  a  given  number  of  days,  in 
which  they  may  have  been  taught  to  believe  their 
systems  would  become  changed  or  "  saturated." 

Dr.  Armstrong  found  that  from  aise  to  twdve 
weeks  were  often  required  for  Harrowgate  and 
Dinsdale  waters  to  produce  their  full  curative 
effects ;  and  I  occasionally  see  similar  time  re- 
quired for  the  development  of  the  full  efTects  of 
this  water.  In  some  cases,  however,  where  the 
system  was  previously  well  prepared,  and  the 
subsequent  management  judicious,  the  White 
Sulphur  will  produce  its  aUwative  operations  in 
about  two  weeks.  Such  cases,  however,  are  rare, 
and  itwiU  generally  be  found  that  from  three  to  six 
weeks,  or  even  longer,  must  elapse  under  its  use, 
before  those  "profound  changee"  are  wrought 
which  precede  and  insure  a  return  to  health. 
Thesp  remarks,  as  far  as  they  relate  to  time,  arc 
applicable  to  all  our  mineral  waters  .that  cure 
disease  in  virtue  of  their  cdterative  action  *,  for,  if 

10* 


114 


WHITE    SDLPHUB   SPBINGS. 


they  be  true  as  to  the  Harrowgate;*  on©  of  the 
strongest  sulphur  waters  in  the  world,  and  of  the 
WkU9  Sulphury  scarcely,  if  at  all,  inferior  in 
strength  to  that  celebrated  European  spring,  they 


♦Tlie  SRmvwgata  and  TTWto  SiOphwr  vxUen  differ  very 
materially.  Tlw  author  Tisited  and  q>ent  some  time  at  Har- 
rowgate  in  1881,  and  expraaaes  tlie  opinion,  as  the  reaolt  of  Us 
penonal  obeerrations  md  inquiries  at  the  springs,  that  the 
Hantmgate  Sulphor  watera,  whUe  they  are  stronger  than  the 
White  Sulphor  hi  sraoe  of  the  $alt»  ooinmon  to  both,  are  nerer- 
thelesB  iniMor  to  the  lattw  in  attenUte  potouy  and  efficacy. 

There  are  no  le«Bl;han/<wr««0»  different  wells  at  Harrowgate, 
all  of  which  are  more  or  less  resorted  to  on  account  of  their 
medical  properties.  Six  of  them  are  impregnated  with 
sulphuretted  hydrogen ;  five  of  them  are  pure  chalybeates ;  one 
is  a  saline  chidybeate;  and  two  may  be  considered  as  slmp)^ 
salhie,  since  they  oontoiB  |ittte  iron  and  are  destttute  of 
sulphuretted  l^drogen. 

The  QU  BtOphur  mU,  the  steongest  of  this  class  of  wsten  at 
Harrowgate,  is  beantiAilly  tranqiwrent  and  sparkling;  of  the 
tenq;Mgrature  of  400,  supposed  to  be  the  mean  temperature  of 
that  part  of  ToricBhire.  By  analysis,  it  is  found  to  contain  in 
•ninqp^rial  gallon— 

Chloride  of  sodium....... „.... 887*0  grains. 

^hhnide  <tf  caldum 87-0     " 

^Cihloilde  <tf  magurinm 48-5     " 

n-caritanate  of  soda............. 9(H>     " 

loies 

^  Snip,  hydrogen  gas...... IS-MjOIib. 

%^  OuboDicadagas. %'Wl^  "■ 

Ciibaretted  hydrogm  gas (mI 

ASOHG    JJMk»t***aaasM«*M*flsa»a»**tae««»**»»M       0*8s 

84-00 


li.iiiiiiiA: liiiirirtifiirffrr'"''-'^''"'"'^'  ■■"■'*'^^-*^^--^'"'»^"^»^-*'' '■■----■' 


:ii-ami.:. 


wm 


one  of  tlie 
,  and  of  the 
inferior  in 
pring,  they 


r$  differ  veiy 
time  at  Har- 
3  reanlt  of  liit 
Ings,  that  the 
>i>ger  than  tlie 
Mil,  are  nerer- 
id  efficacy. 
t  Harrowgate, 
connt  of  their 
Bgnatied  with 
klybeates;  one 
red  as  aimp]^ 
I  deatitate  of 

a  of  waters  at 

fUing;  of  tlifi 

(emperatnie  of 

to  oontatn  in 

>graiiia. 


^.! 


m^miiiimnmtM 


OBNKBAL  DIBBCnONS. 


115 


cannot  be  less  true  of  waters  of  the  same  class, 
but  inferior  in  point  of  strength. 

When  sulphurous  waters  are  prescribed,  their 
operations  should  be  narrowly  watched,  and  if 
they  produce  untoward  and  unpleasant  symptoms/ 
such  as  Aeadache,  gcutrio  diatreaa,  furred  tongvet 
quick  and  irritcMe  ptdw,  toUh  eoative  bowds  and 
loss  of  appetite,  they  should  be  temporarily  or 
permanently  discontinued,  as  circumstances  may 
demand.  The  temporary  discontinuance  of  the 
water,  under  the  circumstances  just  supposed,  and 
the  use  of  a  brisk  cathartic,  or  the  lancet,  if  the 
stat-e  of  the  blood-vessels  demand  it,  will  generally 
enable  us  to  return  to  its  use  in  a  day  or  two  with 
safety  and  success. 

PREPARATION  FOR  THB  USE  OF  THE  WATER. 

Some  preparation  of  the  system,  preceding  the 
use  of  the  water,  is  often,  though  not  always, 
necQvsary  for  its  safe  and  advantageous  adminis* 
tration.  Most  persons,  after  the  excitement  usual 
to  the  travel  in  visiting  the  springs,  will  be 
profited  by  taking  some  gentle  purgative,  and  by 
the  use  of  ^ght  and,  cooling  diet  for  a  day  or 
two  before%y»  water  is  freely  used.  Thole  in 
feeble  healt^|tould  commence  the  water  with 
caution,  and  genrai^y  in  its  kati  tiimidating  fonh, 
that  is,  after  it  has  remained  in  an  open  vessel* 
until  its  gas  has  escaped.    If,  with  these  preoau- 


116 


WHITB  SULPHUR  SPBINOS. 


tions,  it  fail  to  exert  its.  desired  effoctg,  or  produce 
unpleasant  symptoms,  the.  medical  adviser,  to 
wliom  it  would  be  necessary  to  resort  in  such  an 
emergency,  would,  of  course,  prescribe  according 
to  circutnstances ;  nor  can  any  geney^rule  be 
given  as  respects  the  treatment  thaV'would  be 
necessary  in  such'  a  case, — ope  patient  often 
requiring  treatment  essentially  different  irom 
another.  #   * 

Invalids,  however,  ought  not  to  despair  of  the 
use  of  the  water,  and  of  its  adaptation  to  their 
eases,  simply  beciaase  it  may,  at  first,  or  even  in 
the  progress  of  its  use,  display  some  vagrant  and 
improper  action  upon  the  system*  Errw«  in  its 
cuition,  if  they  may  so  be  termed f  generally  arise 
from  errors  in  Ue(  use,  and  may  generally  be 
prevented  by  a  change  in  the  method  of  adminis- 
tration, or  by  some  medical  adjuvants,  so  that  the 
water  may  be  safely  continued. 


SSN^m^E  EFFECTS  OF  THE  WATER  ON  TQE 
9TSTEM. 

The  setuiHe  medicinal  ^eets  of  the  water  are 
prominently  displayed  in  its  action  upon  the 
boufelSfUverj  Udneys  and  «Ki»,  an4^hen  drunk 
fresh  at  the  fountain,  by  a  In^^Kmnvikmt  effect 
iipon  the  system  in  general^K^^^oii  the  hrain  in 
particular.  y;^^^ 

^to^t  quan^ties Jta^lria  tb^e  morning  before 


IMi 


■MMii 


Hii 


mmmm 


SI 


OS. 

!ect8,  or  produce 
cai  adviser,  to 
iort  in  such  an 
loribe  according 
genei^rnle  be 
thaV'would  be 
I  patient  often 
different  irom 

despair  of  t^e 
station  to  their 
irst,  or  even  in ' 
ne  vagrant  and 
u    Errwra  in  its 

generaUy  arise 
f  generally  be 
lod  of  adminis- 
mts,  80  tbat  the 


lTEB  on  TQB 

f  the  water  are 
tion  upon  the 
^0rhen  drunk 
^mnulaiHt  effect 
poll  the  brain,  in 

worning  before 


OBmEKAL  DIBBOTIONS. 


m 


.breakfast,  will  often  exert  some  oathartio  effect  in 
the  course  of  the  day.  The  liver  is,  in  most 
instances,  brought  under  its  influence,  from  a  few 
^ys  perseverance  in  the  use  of  it,  t»  will  be 
manifest  from  the  character  of  the  excretions. 
Its  action  upon  the  kidneys  is  readily  induced,  and 
we  occasionally  see  it  exerting,  at  the  same  time, 
both  a  tiiAtic  and  cathartic  operation.  Very 
isommonly  the  exhalent  vessels  of  the  skin  are 
stimulated  to  increased  peroration;  but  its  full 
effects  upon  the  surface,  manifested  not  only  by 
increased,  but  aidphvroM»  perepiraHonf  do  not  occur 
Until  it  has  been  freely  used  for  several  weeks,  nor 
until  the  secretory  system  generally  has  been 
brought  under  its  influence. 

In  r«ferenoe  to  its  cathartic  effects,  I  remark, 
that  while  as  a  general  rule  it  gently  opens  the 
bowels,  and  in  some  cases  purges  freely,  we  meet 
with  aeeasioBal  cases  in  which  its  effects  are 
distinctly  oonster^tive  from  the  fint.  In  other 
cases  I  have  known  it  to  purge  gently  for  the  flrst 
few  day's  and  afterwards  to  produee  constipation. 

As  the  system  is  brought  under  the  influ(|nce  of 
the  water,  the  appetite  and  the  ability  to  digest 
food  are  M|^ly  augmented.  The  spirits  become 
buoyant -alMhewftil,  with  increased  desire  for 
social  oompw^^iJM  amuwments. 

Exercise,  prei^hnly  irksome,  is  now  ei^eyed 
without  &tigue,  ai\d  Id  great  is  the  change  in  the 
whole  man,  that  ^e  patioiiit  often  expresses  his 


118 


whub  sulphpb  emsos. 


tt. 


appreciation  of  it  by  declaring  that  he  is  "anew 
man,"— and  8o  he  is,  in  reference  to  his  physical 
and  social  feelings. 


VBTBX3TB  ON  THE  PULSE. 

The  effect  of  the  water  upon  the  ptUse  ought  to 
he  distinctly  noted,  inasmuch  as  itsflusilon  upon 
the  ciroulaiory  system  affords  one  of  the  bes^ 
indications  of  its  adaptation,  or  inadaptation,  to 
the  i»se. 

Am  a  general  rnle  it  will  be  fonnd  that,  after 
the  water  has  been  properly  used  for  a  sufficient 
time  to  enter  the  circulation,  by  those  to  whose 
cases  it  is  well  adapted,  and  the  frequency  of. 
whose  pulse  is  much  above  the  natural  standard, 
the  pulse  'will  be  reduced  in  frequency  and  in 
force.  This  reduction  of  the  pulse  is  not  the  Wa- 
s^venoe  of  any  dira^  Mdative  action  of  the  water 
<Hl  the  he«urt  and  arteries,  but  is  tjbe  sanatiye 
reiuU-of  its  atterative  and  calming  influences 
upon  the  general  economy ;  and  especially  f^bm 
its  agency  in  stimulating  glandular  secretions, 
emalging  the  emunotories,  removing  offensive 
df^ris  tluat  opj^ress  the  oironlatory  ittgaiM  and 
ftinetions,  thus  giving  a  clear  and  ttiicimbwrassed 
course  to  the  great  circuit  of  the  fluids  through 
the  system,  as  weH  the  chyle  and  lymph  as  the 
venous  and  arteri»l  blood. 

A  common  oonieqmenoe,  from  the  proper  admin- 


ilHillliiHi^ 


amncRAL  DixBCfnoNs. 


119 


he  is  ''anew 
>  his  physical 


f»d$e  ought  to 
BflMsllon  upon 
9  of  the  hes| 
adaptation,  to 

iiid  that,  after 
for  a  sufficient 
hose  to  whose 

frequency  of. 
iral  standard, 
uency  and  in 
is  not  the  em- 
n  of  the  water 

the  sanatiye 
ing  influences 
specially  from 
ar  secretions, 
ring  offensive 
f  mgMM  and 
lienthMrassed 
Buidi  through  - 
lymph  as  the 

proper  admin- 


istration of  the  water,  in  cases  to  which  it  is  well 
suited,  is  an  essential  modification  of  the  circula- 
tion hoth  in  frequency  and  force;  so  much  so, 
indeed,  that  I  am  never  surprised  to, find  the 
pulse,  whose  heat  has  heeli  from  90  to  120  in  the 
minute,  reduced  to  76  or  80,  and,  in  many  cases, 
quite  down  to  the  natural  standard  of  the  indi- 
vidual, whatever  that  may  have  heen ;  while  the 
volume  of  blood  in  the  artery  is  increased,  as  well 
as  the  softness  and  mildntss  of  its  flow. 

Experience  has  so  clearly  taught  me  to  rely 
upon  the  reduction  of  the  frequency  and  force  of 
the  pulse,  as  indicative  of  the  value  of  the  water 
to  the '  patient,  that  I  habitually  look  to  such 
effects  as  among  the  most  distinct  indications  to 
'persevere  in  its  use. 

On  the  contrary,  if  the  effects  of  the  water  be 
to  increase  the  number  of  pulsations,  or,  in  any 
considerable  degree,  to  render  the  circulation 
more  irritable,  my  inferences  are  unfavorable  t9 
its  use;  and  if  this  state  of  things  cannot  be 
readily  changed  by  a  different  administration  of 
the  water,  iti  discontinuance  is  advised,  for  «f 
never  jprova  ben0eial  when  it  peneiveHngly  exdtef 
the  frequenoff  </  the  etrcfdaUon,  There  may  be  iw 
condition  of  thingt;  in  the  case  that  would  not 
justify  a  hasty  discontinuance  of  the  water,  merely 
because  of  its  proneness  to  stimulate,  in  a  sli|^hi 
degree,  the  heart  and  arteries ;  t^t  the  propriety 
of  contiauing  itf  jiise,  in  way  such  case,  can  only 


WHII8  SULPHUB  SnUNOS. 


be  safely  judged  of  bj  the  well  informed  and  dis- 
criminating medical  mind. 


8TKOP8IS  OP   FAOTS    ILLU8TRATIN0   THE  MBD^ 
ODTAL  CHARACTER  OF  THE  WATER,  ETC. 

The  following,  facts,  intended  to  illnstrate  the 
peculiar  medicinal  character  and  influences  of  the 
White  Sulphur  water,  as  well  as  the  best  manner 
of  using  it  in  ordinar/* cases,  have  been  alluded 
to  in  other  parts  of  this  volume;  nevertheless, 
(although  it  may  involve  a  repetition,)  it  is 
thought  best  to  group  them  under  one  general 
head,  for  the  greater  convenience  of  the  reader. 

Severally,  and  collectively,  they  are  positions  of 
great  importance  to  the  invalid,  and  long  experi-* 
fnoe  enables  me  to  regard  them  in  the  light  of 
APHOUSMB,  or  fixed  facts. 

1.  The  water  is  always  more  stmvkuUf  and  gen- 
erally leu  purgaHvCf  when  taken  fresh  at  the 
qpring  and  abounding  in  its  gas. 

2.  The  alterative,  or  changing,  effects  of  the 
water,  are  by  far  its  most  valuable  effects,  and  are 
those  which j  more  than  all  others,  give  to  it  its 
distinctive  and  effective  character. 

3.  If  the  water  produces  active  purgative,  or 
tH^etio  effects,  its  (dterative  action  is  correspond- 
ingly delayed. 

4.  In  obstinate  and  important  cases,  the  invalid 
•hpuld  never  conStder  that  he  has  given  the  water 


>rined  and  dis 


rO   THE  MISDI- 

lTer,  etc. 

illiutrat«  the 
flnenoes  of  the 
le  best  manner 
>  been  alluded 
;  nevertheless, 
letition,)  it  is 
>r  one  general 
r  the  reader. 
ive  positions  of 
d  long  experi-* 
n  the  light  of 

idantf  and  gen- 
i  fresh  at  the 

effects  of  the 
sffects,  and  are 
,  give  to  it  its 

purgative,  or 
is  correspond- 

les,  the  invalid 
iven'the  water 


liiiiiittiiiiiiitiM'''^|' 


assiRAL  DXBsonora. 


131 


a  fair  trial,  or  that  he  has  obtained  its  full  cura- 
tive effects,  until  he  has  experienced  its  general 
alterative  ii^ueitoes,  and  maintained  them  upon 
the  system  for  some  time,  Auithia  eiUirtiff  irretpeo- 
Uvt  of  Um  time  he  may  hhve  used  the  water. 

5.  As  it  is  uniformly  true  that  the  water  is 
seldom  permanently  serviceable,  when  it  acts  as 
an  irritant  upon  tmj  portion  of  the  body,  it  follows 
that  its  use  should  not  be  persevered  in  when,  fbr 
any  considerable  time,  it  continues  thus  to  act. 
It  may,  however,  almost  invariably  be  made  to 
act  kindly  and  soothingly,  by  a  modification  of 
the  mi^nner  of  using  it,  or  by  such  gentle  medi- 
cinal appliances  as  the  peculiarity  of  Ihe  case  may 
deinand. 

6.  From  an  improper  use  of  the  water,  or  ftma 
failure  ta  use  a  timeous  dose  of  medicine,  to  bnug 
the  system  into  a  proper  condition  to  receive  it,  it 
occasionally  diwgrees  with  persons  (to  whose  con- , 
stitution  and  case  it  is  well  fulapted,)  until  the 
errors,  whatever  they  may  be,  have  been  «>r- 
rected. 

t.  An  active  and  long-continued  diwretio  iffext 
is  generally  useless,  and  frequently  hurtfi[l,  and 
hence,  when  in  much  excess,  should  be  arrested. 
This  may  be  effected  v^%  9ne  utmoet  ixrtainiy  by  a 
modification  in  the  qiuanti*sf,  or  periode  of  uamg  the 
water,  and  by  genUe  medical  means  that  divert  from 
the  kichteye  cmd  determine  to  the  liver  and  akin. 

$.  As  to  the  amount  of  water  to  be  used  in  the 
11 


122 


WBITB  SUIf  HUB  SPKHTCW. 


oonrse  of  the  day,  or  as  to  the  number  of  days  it 
should  be  uied;  it  is  impossible  to  lay  down  a 
definiU  rule  to  apply  in  all  catet.  So  much  depends 
upon  the  nature  of  the  case,  and  the  peculiarities 
of  the  constitution  of  the  patient,  that  no  Jixed 
ruh  in  these^partidulars  can  be  laid  down  as  appli- 
cable to  all  cases,  and  an  attempt  to  do  so  would 
be  an  act  of  empiricism  more  apt  to  mislead  than 
to  edify. 

USE  OF  BATHS. 

A  most  valuable  aid  in  the  use  of  this  water  is 
the  <ept(7,  warm,  or  hot  sulphur  bath.  I  cannot 
here  enter  into  particul&r  directions  for  the  use  of 
such  baths.  I  just  obserre  thftt  they  may  be  made 
an  important  auxiliary  in  a  large  circle  of  cases, 
if  timely  and  otherwise  properly  employed. 

Mia  ndphur  bathing,  indeed  hot  bathing  of  any 
kind,  is  a  remedy  potent  and  positive  in  its 
influences ; — capable  of  efiEbcting  much  good  when 
judiciously  employed,  or  corresponding  evil  when 
improperly  used.  Like  potent  mineral  waters,  it 
is  often  used  empirically  and  improperly,  and, 
hence,,  becomes  a'  curse  when  it  should  have  been 
a  blessing.  It  is  a  remedy  essentially  revolu- 
tionary in  its  character ,-^never  negative,  but 
always  producing  positive  results  upon  the 
economy,  for  good  or  for  ievil. 

The  condition  of  the  system  indi^tes  with 
toffioient  denrnesB  the  time  for  oommencing,  and 


er  of  days  it 
I  lay  down  a 
moh  depends 
peouliarities 
hat  no  fattd 
>wn  aa  appli- 
do  80  would 
miilead  than 


ibis  water  is 
ii.  I  cannot 
or  the  nse  of 
may  be  made 
role  of  cases, 
iloyed. 

Omg  of  any 
itire  in  its 
h  good  when 
ag  evil  when 
ral  waters,  it 
operly,  and, 
Id  have  been 
tally  revolu- 
egative,  but 
I    upon    the 

lif^tesf  with 
itenciug,  and 


okhhul  DnutL 


128 


the  temperature  of  the  bath.  In  most  cases,  the 
(a^Atft^  jpo»n<  is  as  dearly  indicated  under  a  course 
of  sulphur  waters  as  the  blistering  or  bleeding 
point  is  in  inflammations,  and  the  ralue  of  the 
remedy  is  much  dependent  upon  such  timely 
employment.  When  the  watex*  has  well  opened 
the  bewels, — ^has  found  its  way  into  the  general 
circulation,  softening  the  skin  and  calming  the 
irritation  of  the  arterial  system,  the  «trfjp&«r  haih» 
may  be  used  with  great  confidence  in  their 
efficacy. 

Eat  btUhs  should  never  be  taken  during  the 
existence  of  febrile  excitement.  They  should  be 
used  on  an  empty  stomach,  and,  as  a  general  rule, 
before  the  decline  of  the  day,  and  their  tempera- 
ture always  carefully  regulated  to  suit  the  nature 
of  the  case  and  the  state  of  the  system. 


m 


!Mmm» 


»«',v«!r' 


124 


WHXni  SUIffBUR  fPRINM. 


.      CHAPTER  VIII. 

DIKBABES  m  WHICH  THE  WHITB  SULPHUR  MAT, 
OR  MAT  NOT,  BE  USEFULLY  PRESORIHED. 

ChnMt  IMlaifm  ^  tiU  AnoA— GMMMN<»-m»— IMmow  of 
tf«  ITfiiMry  'OiyM*— CArmfc  If^^lMtNMMm  </  tt«  JTMrny*— 
JWntntw  J  t  Mi«  iKMRWif ;  ^MfMrrftoa,  INmMiwrrAMs  OUih 
f«At  Jm^ffhrnk—Ohfonh  AglteUima  if  Oe  Aw<m— jr«rw«M 
Zttmmt- -Birai^/ilt—Same  ftrm  if  Ohnmit  JMmmw  tf  M« 
<7AmI^  vr  Arkut  OmpktMt,  (to  »•  owMnI  «»  JPuftNMary 
eXMinM««tol)»-AwiMlW*--iC'»fM<t  IMteHM  qf  tiU  AMs 
AoMiuA^  X^mii  Ilho*tdiHontd  Uktr»—Bkmma1itm  and 
Bia^Pnpikt—Sartf¥ki--Mmmrka  Simam — Aya^MiM — 
JM  to  ti  u»e&  in  JMmom*  ^  fl«  JBSwrf,  0r  <»  AlbATW  and 
Ouhetr—OM^btaU  Sprinif—Btelilif  and  U$  AmmmUfMatthe 
IFMb  <8M|rtiM<,  0k). 

All  mineral  waten^  m  before  remarked,  are 
stimQ)ant8  to  a  greater  or  less  degree,  and  conse- 
quently are  inapplieable  to  the  treatment  of  acute, 
'Or  highlj  inflammatory  diseases.  This  remark  is 
•i^eoialtj  true  as  relates  to  the  White  Snlphur, 
partionlarlj  when  drunk  firesh  at  the  ppring,  and 
abounding  in  its  stimulating  gas.  It  is  true,  as 
before  shown,  that  when  its  exciting  gas  has 
iown  off,  it  becomes  far  less  stimulating,  and  may 
be  used  with  safety  and  succms  in  /jaies  to  whip||, 


iii 


iiiii 


TLPHUR  MAT, 
SSCRIBED. 

Gatkro-BKUrttU- 
Kttf  U>»  Splm^ 
-POf—Dimmttf 
€f  Ike  Kkhun*— 
nnmorrhm,  Ohh- 
«  Aw<M— Jf«rw«M 
id  Dtieam  tf  tiUt 

»  ^  (lU  AMi, 
.BAmmmiMmi  oimI 
•M — Jliyjpwlai — 
>  <»  iSsXi^nw  oimI 


emarlrad,  are 
M,  and  conse- 
ment  of  acate, 
l?his  remaflE  is 
kite  Sttlpbur, 
lO  ppring,  and 
\%  is  true,  as 
iting  gas  has 
tingi-ahdmay 
lies  to  wliioli, 


DioAfln — ^DmonoKB.  Si 

in  its  perfectly  fresh  state,  it  would'  he  totally 
unadapted.  Bat  even  in  its  least  stimulating 
form,  it  is  inadmissihle  for  excited  or  fehrile 
conditions  of  the  system  ;  and  especially  to  cases 
of  inflammatory  action— at  least,  until  the 
violence  of  such  action  has  heen  suhdned  hy  other 
and  appropriate  agents. 

Various  diseases  of  the  stomach,  liver,  spleen, 
kidneys,  and  hladder,  as  well  as  some  derange- 
ments of  the  brain  and  nervous  system  generally, 
are  treated  successfully  by  this  agent.  To  the 
various  affections  of  the  skin,  unattended  with 
active  inflammation  >  to  chronic  affections  of  the 
bowels,  and  to  gout  and  rheumatism,  it  is  well 
adapted.  In  hsBmorrhoids ;  in  some  of  the 
chronic  affections  of  the  womb ;  in  chlorosis  and 
other  kindred  female  disordors ;  in  mercurial 
se^tida,  and  especially  in  the  secondary  forms  of 
lues,  and  iU'Oonditioned  ulcers  in  depraved  96n- 
stittttions,  it  constitutes  the  most  valuable  remedy 
to  which  the  invalid  can  resort. 

If  the  individual,  about  to  submit  himself  to 
the  use  of  this  water,  is  suffering  from  fiiUness 
and  tension  about  the  head,  or  pain  with  a  sense 
of  tightness  in  the  chest  or  side,  he  should  obtain 
relief  f^om  these  symtoms  before  entering  ,|ip<»i 
it3  use.  If  his  tongue  be  white  or  heavily  coated, 
or  if  he  be  continuously  or  periodically  fev«>rish, 
or  have  that  peculiar  lassitude,  with  gastric 
distress,    manifesting   recent   or   acute    biliiry 


IM 


wHXfi  sOLrauK  anasu. 


MonmulatiooR,  he  should  avoid  its  use  until,  b 
proJMr  medical  treatment,  his  biliary  organs  are 
emnlged,  and  his  system  prepared  for  its  reception. 
Much  suffering,  on  the  one  hand,  would  be 
aroided,  and  a  fisr  larger  amdunt  of  good,  on  the 
other,  would  be  aohiered,  if  yisitors  «were 
perfectly  aware  of,  and  carefully  mindful  o'f  these 
Ihote. 

It  is  an  every-day  ocourrenoe  during  the  water-, 
ing  season  at  the  "  White/'  for  persons  to  seek 
medical  adrioe^  for  the  first  time,«ftcr  they  have 
been  using  the  water  for  daysi  periiaps  for  weeks, 
and  it  is  then  sought  because  of  vagrant  opera- 
tions, or  injurious  effects  of  the  water.  In  most 
such  oases  there  will  be, found,  upon  examination, 
9Uh$t  the  existence  of  some  of  the  symptoms  just 
mentioiied,  or  evidences  of  lootU  ii^lammation  in 
come  part  of  the  body,  sufficient  to  j^event  the 
eottstittttional  efficacy  of  the  remedy.  I  am  often 
atruck  with  the  control  which  an  apparently 
Snoonsidenble  local  inflammation  will  exert,  in 
preventing  the  constitutional  effects  of  mineral 
waters.  To  -  remove  such  looil  determinatimis 
whrnre  they  exist,  or-  greatly  to  lessen  .their 
aeHvtty,  is  all-imi)ortant  to  secure  tbe  constitu- 
tional effects  of  sulphur  water. 

It  is  neoeMary  to  refleist  that  minetal  waters, 

like  all  medicinal  substances,  are  adaptCNl  only  to 

certain  diseases,  and  that  the  more  powerfully  they 

'  aot,  the  greater  mischief  th^  are  capable  of  doing 


iiiiiiiiwiii 


l^ig-iifiiM^ygji^liiiiiii 


flW 


MPM 


DmAUS— i>iUonoH8. 


use  nntil,  by 
y  organi  are 
its  reception, 
d,  would  be 
good,  on  the 
rieitori  «were 
idful  of  these 

»g  the  water-, 
rsons  to  leek 
«r  they  have 
,pi  for  weeks, 
(grant  opera- 
»r.  In  most 
examination, 
jrmptomt  just 
fkunmation  in 
3  ]»eyent  the 
r.  1  am  often 
n  apparently 
will  exert,  in 
to  of  mineral 
leterminations 
lessen  .their 
the  constitn- 

netal  waters, 
bpte^  only  to 
Dwerfallythey 
pable  of  doing 


Pn^'jf^f^feiif'wiiwi*""' 


if  improperly  administered ;  /or,  if  it  be  aaaertifd 
that  they  ore  oopoMe  qf  doing  good  only,  without  the 
power  of  doing  Aetrm,  we  may  he  eaiitfied  that  their 
qualitiea  are  too  ineig^/ioant  to  merit  notice. 

This  consideration  indicates  the  necessity  of 
some  caution  in  the  we  of  waters  which  posses* 
any  sanative  powers,  and  suggests  the  propriety 
in  all  doubtful  cases,  of  consulting  some  pro- 
fessional man  familiar  with  the  subject,  whose 
judgment  may  determine  how  far  the  water  is 
applicable  to  each  individual  case,  and  in  what 
manner  it  should  be  employed  to  be  most  effica- 
cious. 

A  long  list  of  successful  cases  that  have  fallen 
under  my  care,  adapted  to  illustrate  the  beneficial 
effects  of  these  waters,  in  some  of  the  more  general 
and  important  maladies,  might  perhaps,  without 
impropriety,  bo  inserted  here  ;  but  I  am  induced 
to  omit  the  insertion,  because  I  am  aware  with 
what  suspicion  medical  cases,  however  well 
authenticated,  are  received  from  an  individual, 
when  they  are  given  to  favor  any  partieulw 
practice,  or  to  recommend  any  particular -water. 
Besides,  the  insertion  of  names  is  objectionable' in 
all  private  practice,  and  I  consider  the  reputation 
of  this  particular  water  to  be  now  too  well 
Mtablished  to  require  such  assistance. 

But,  anxious  to  obviate  all  possibility  of 
mistake,  and  to  prevent  the  reputation  of  a  remedy 
so  w«ll- deserving  public  confidence  from  being 


iai*wfei4i.<vii 


mz: 


T  ■".:-":v ;,:::;— 


# 


128 


WHnU   SOLPHUB  SPBDiaS. 


sallied  by  failures,  on  account  of  misapplication 
and  improper  collateral  treatment,  I  shall  add  to 
a  catalogue  of  the  leading  diseases,  to  which  these 
springs  are  more  immediately  adapted,  a  few 
succinct  directions  for  the  rational  obserrance  of 
such  cautions. as  will  be  most  likely  to  increase 
their  salutary  efficacy.  And  this,  from  local 
situation  and  the  ample  experience  of  near  thirty 
years,  I  flatter  myself  I  am  in  some  measure 
capable  of 'doing. 

DYSFEFSLL 

.  In  this  common  and  annoying  disease,  ooiuisting 
in  derangepient  of  function  in  the  organs  of  diges- 
tion, the  White  Sulphur  water  has  long  maintained 
ahigh.ehuracter.  In  this  affection,  especially  in 
Its  coolkiaed  stage,  we.  almost  invariably  find  the 
biliary  secretions  either  vitiated  in  quality  of  de- 
Ibieni  in  quantity ;  constituting  an  important, 
and,  not  onirequiently,  an  embarrassing  feature 
in  its^  treatment;  nor  can  we  ordinarily  succeed 
ias$ffeo1uUig  a  cure  until  the  Secretory  fttaetions  of 
th»  Hv«r  are  restored  to  a  natural  and  healthy 
eondition. 

The  beneficial  effects  of  the  water  in  c^y^N^pytn, 
f»em  to  result  mainly  from  its  sanativeiaction  upon 
the  liver.  To  aerate  the  secretory  Innctioiis  of 
that  organ,  and  establish  a  flow  of  healthy  bile, 
is  one  of  the  great  fortes  of  the  water,  ahd  almost 
an  invaruible  result  of  its  persevering  use-.  :  - 


aisapplication 
;  shall  add  to 
ko  which  these 
apted,  a  few 
obserrance  of 
7  to  increase 
I,  from  local 
>f  near  thirty 
lome  meaaur^ 


ue,  ooiuisting 
rgans  (tf  diges- 
Qg  maintained 
,  espeoiajlly  in 
riablj  find  the 
quality  of  de- 
»n  important, 
ming  feature 
narily  succeed 
7  fttnctions  of 
i  and  healthy 

'  in  dfftpf^ttm, 
▼Ciaetiontipon 
y  Itinctioiis  of 
!  healthy  hilOj 
er,  atid  ahnost 
ig  use-.    ' 


'ttm 


•?"W??HP!?1 


DiBBASBi— DntBcnoira. 


129 


That  the  water  benefits  the  stomach,  in  many 
cases,  by  a  primary  action,— first,  as  an  alkali  and 
stimulant,  neutralizing  its  acidity,  and  imparting 
directly  a  tone  and  energy  to  the  t?t«jti»— and, 
secondly,  by  a  positive  influence  on  its  glandular 
structure,  occasioning  a  healthy  flow  of  gastric 
juice,  I  do  not  doubt.    Still,  the  most  decided  and 
permanent  beneflts  derived  by  dyspeptics  have 
always  seemed  to  me  to  be  the  result  of/«2Z  (xUeror 
Hvt  imprearioM  upon  the  liver.    Certain  it  is,  that 
without  such  an  influence  upon  that  organ,  ihe 
dyepqftio  can  never  be  caiifident  cf  the  permaneney  ^ 
hia  rdie/.    It  would  be  well  for  sufferers  under 
this  distressing  malady  to  bear  this  in  mind,  and 
not  abandon  the  use  of  the  water,  as  many  do, 
until  it  hat  fully  impressed  the  liver ;   nor  be 
discouraged  at  its  apparent  waAt  of  efficacy,  until 
it  has  been  used  sufficiently  long  to  efl^  this 
object.  • 

In  the  course  of  my  observations,  I  have  often 
alluded  to  the  alterative  tgtdUt  of  sulphur  water  <m 
the  liver,  as  affording  a  most  important  indication 
of  its  efficacy.  It  may  be  asked,  how  shall  it  be 
known  when  this  alterative  effect  has  takea'place? 
I  reply,  you  are  to  judge  of  this  mainly  by  ike 
chanMjter  of  the  excretions,  and  by  all  the  indica^ 
tions  by  vrhich  you  judge  of  the  alteratiye  effects 
of  mercury  upon  the  same  organ. 

Dyspeptics  often  grievously  err  in  the  use  of 
the  w*ter,  by  mistaking  its  primfry  ^fects,  whi^i 


F«?B- 


■Bpr 


^Tww^s^^r^"'^?? 


130 


WHIXB   SDUPSUB  SPBINaS. 


are  generally  transitorj,  for  a  permaaent  oure; 
aoctlieiioe  abandon  it  before  its  permanent  sanative 
action  ha#  been  obtained.  Such  patients  not  un- 
freqnently,  after  taking  the  water  for  a  n&i^  or 
ten  days,  find  that  the  acidity  of  the  stomaeh  has 
been  reliered,  their  appetite  increased,  and  that 
they  are  able  to  "eat  everything  before  them." 
This  is  all  very  well,  as  far  as  it  goes,  and  if  their 
attack  be  recent  and  slight,  this  comfortable 
rtate  of  things  may  continue ;  bat  it  will  nMlh 
oft«ner  turn-  out  to  be  merely  the  alkaline  and 
stimulant  influence  of  the  water  upon  the  coats  of 
tfa«  stomach  j  imparting  this  generous  tone  to  the 
vlieiw  for  a  season,  and  which  in  all  probability 
if  deslxned  to  lure  thraa  into  an  excess  of  diet  and 
other  imprudenceij,  which  ifiU,  ere  long,  develop 
to  them  ^  ^t,  that  1^  nuntiter  was  ' 'scotched, 
notkaied." 

The  importance  of  the  subject  urges  me  to 
fiepeat,  that  tKe  eenjkmed  df^pqdie  v$!Dmi  too 
IbroiMy  imprMS  upon  his  mind  the  cmential 
praetical  tru(&,  thM  the  a&ererftee  influtsiiees  of 
t^water  must  be  exerted  upon  his  systenijbe&re 
he  dan  have  asfturance  of  permanent  gdc4fr«om 
iitouie/. 

^  As  costiveneiss  And  irregufority  of  bowdtle  are 
generally  found  in  dyspepsia,  some  of  the  warm 
laxatives  may  ba  occairionally  mwd  ftHr  a  short 
ftuoi)^ii|li£r  ocMomi^eiiig  the^uin  v£  the  wntevi  s4nd^ 
*|^|ll«^d«M|lii  %Mldom  t^^  l>y^i^iiiev 


A 


79^ 


m^ 


DISBA8BB-— IHBBOnOHB. 


131 


maaent  euro; 
laneat  aanalive 
•tients  not  un- 

for  a  xtei^  or 
10  stomaeh  has 
ued,  and  that 
before  them." 
»i,  and  if  their 
8  comfortable 
t  it  will  BiflMi 
I  alkaline  and 
on  the  eoat»  of 
ras  tone  to  the 
ill  probability 
era  of  diet  and 

long,  develop 
iras  ''scotehed, 

I  nrgei  me  to 
(le  cannot  too 
th«  flAMfitial 
I  inflntsitees  of 
•yctem,  be&re 
mi  gd^  fedm 

of  bowdila  are 
0  of  the  warm 
d  f<Mr  a  tKort 
» wntiwi  aind, 
liod  bi-^lMroBic 


obstructions,  or,  at  least,  a  torpid  secretion  of  the 
liver,  it  will  generally  be  found  advisable  to 
combine  a  slight  mercurial  with  the  medicine j 
intended  to  act  slowly  on  the  bowels,  and,  for  this 
parpoflC;  pills,  composed  of  aloes,  or  ex.  colooynth 
and  blue  mass,  taken  in  such  ^doses  as  to  keep  up 
a  regular  peristaltic  motion  in  the  bowels,  will  be 
found  to  answer  very  wdl.  At  the  same  time,  ii 
will  be  found  advantageous  to  use  some  of  the 
bIHItf  vegetable  tonics  a  short  time  before  each 
meal.    . 

The  water,  as  a  general  rule  in  dyspepsia, 
should  be  taken  in  fnod(e>>a<e  or  small  quantities, 
and  with  less  or  more  of  its  gaseous  contents^ 
agreeably  to  the  excitabilky  of  the  system,  and  the 
amount  of  excitation  vrhich  it  may  be  desirable  to 
produce.  TStom'/mo'  to  eight  glmses  in  the  oourse 
of  the  day  is  ikhe  quantity  that  is  generally  found 
most  serviceable  in  dyi^ptic  oases. 

Whest^tiie  nervous  system  beanfiHie  fresh  waiter 
with  intpunity,  I  pref<M!  that  the  dyspeptic  take  it 
soon  ^httt  It  has  been  removed  frooa  ^  spring. 
1/Vith  many,  however,  there  is  found  too  ara^ 
exftttabiUl^:  for  the, water  perlectiy  fresh ;  saol^ 
therefore,  should  use  it  moroor  less  stale,  as  their 
systest  If  ill  l^sar  it;    , 

Q^maMmtiw  Nerwm$  l>yiiM^9^  fomof 

diseiMe  oecasionaUy  met  with  i^t  our  watering 
plaeeS)  and  is  an  aflbolian  often  of  diffim^t  and 


giypp 


m 


wBm  soirauB  SFSiircis. 


miewtoiii  inftnagem«nt,  whatdver  Ibe  the  remedies 
en^tloyed.  When  it  is  purely  fanotional  and  dta- 
Gtmneciedwith  organic  lesion,  the  White  Sulphur, 
adtnittistered  in  moderate  quandties,  and  in  its 
least  stimidattng  form,  is  a  safe,  and  sometimes 
an  efficacious  remedy.  I  usually  prefer,  however, 
to  oontinne  its  use,  at  first,  no  longer  than  may 
be  necessary  to  bring  the  bowels  and  the  secretory 
action  of  the  lirer  under  its  influence,  and  then 
give  the  imtient  the  advantage  of  the  tonic  iu- 
flnence  of  the  waters  of  the  Svowt^  or  Bed  Sweety 
and  their  eAcMijM%M  baths.  Advantage  is  often 
derived  by  alternating  during  the  season  between 
the  latter  springs  and  the  White,  or  some  other 
sidphur  water. 

Fraosm,  or  Watet'Bfa&kf  U  anol&er  form  of 
■tdmieh  dissMe,  in  which  tiiis  uniter  is  oocaeioually 
used,  and  sometimes  with  very  good  effeets. 
lil^akMid,  it  is  rarely  used  in  wateiMbpaali^tlthdut 
iRlKlfti  In  thii  form  of  disease,  4he  1«n^  •hoiild 
iitevtr  be  tslceti  in  large  and  (fj^uorepeated 
Oughts ;  from  such  a  ooi»se  increased  debility 
of  Mm  ilotiuM)hi  vrith  «ther  deleterious  oonse- 
quendii,  wdttid  rarely  fiktl  to  fellow. 
.  When  good  reasons  exist  for  eupposiug  the 
stomach  to  be  so&trrotw  or  oaaoerotM^  the  /NKtenif 
lAiMdcl  ooTQ^y  <lA«Mii  from  the  umx^  ikk,  or  my 
ff  otir  mmmd  matot^.  fteveral  ouum  ^v«  come 
itnde»  mf  no^oe,  in  wM^  m«eh  i«|ii»y  was 


be  the  remedies 
otional  and  dia- 
i¥hite  Sulphur, 
ies,  and  in  its 
and  sometimes 
prefer,  however, 
nger  than  may 
ad  the  secretory 
lence,  and  then 
it  the  tonic  im- 
,  or  Bed  Sweet, 
rantage  is  often 
season  hetween 
\f  or  some  other 


noAet  form  of 
ritocoasioiiaUy 
f  gmd  wffisdts. 
iMlNrad||Pith(mt 
ikdlM^  should 

tf^n^ted 
creased  dehiUty 
leterioas  ocnse- 
r. 

fupposing  the 
ovui^  ilea  paHent 
exfikhfOrmif 
auMB  Jntve  come 
ieh  lB|«irf>  was 


■rsssrr 


HfmWWPH 


^^^^? 


m 


OISBASBS-HDIBBCRnONS. 


183 


received  from    their  use,  some   from  the  Alnm 
water,  others  from,  this* 

It  is  scarcely  necessary  to  say  to  the  intelligent 
reader,  that  dyspepsia  is  rarely  cured,  whatever 
be  the  remedies  used,  without  a  careful  attention 
to  diet.    By  care  in  diet,  I  by  no  means  wish  to 
be  understood,  that   the    patient   is  to  confine 
himself  to  t\i«  stereotyped  recipe  of  "  black  tea  and 
toast,"  and  other  light  8lops-~the  tendency  of 
which  is  rather  to  enervate  than  invigonte  the 
stomach — ^^or  that,  in  his  mind's  ey;e,  he  is  ever  to 
be  weighing  or  measuring  the  quantity  of  food  he 
is  to  consume  at  each  meal.    It  hae  rarely  been 
my  good  fortune  to  see  any  one  cured  of  confirmed 
dyspepsia,  who  had  been  long  kept  on  the  misor- 
ably   attenuated,    debilitating     slops,    so   often 
recommended  for  sueh  ;  and  especially  onO)  who 
weighs,  if  not  his  appetite,  at  least  his  aptitude 
to  eat  by  avoirdupois.   The  &8tidious  particulari^, 
mmnd^m  oftoifi,  in  such  cases,  that  is  often  wit- 
nessed, serves  admirably  to  impress  upon  a  mind, 
disposed)  from  the  nature  of  the  case,  to  be  dis- 
tempered, the  appalling  truth  that  mDrtal  disease 
is  ever  threatening;  to  ii^uce  low  spifiia  ^d 
despondency,  find  to  superadd  new  horrors  to  a 
disease  of  iteelf  sufficiently  horrible. 

The  diet  in  dyspepsia  should  always  be  appro- 
priate to  the  waq^  and  abiUty  of  ^e  Bto||iA<^. 
In  a  m^ority  of  feases,  the  dyspeptic  will  more 
reftdilydigeatth9lightorJ«eats  than  the  vegetable 

n 


as 


^m 


'^^.gS^'^fT! 


134 


WHm  mUPUVK  0PBUICK. 


matter,  upon  irhioh  thej  generally  feed  ;  and  in 
8tioh,oa8e8  there  is  nothing  more  proper  than  light 
meats.  Fresli  eggs,  properly  prepared,  may 
always  be  taken.  Ooarse  rye  bread  is  often  the 
best  diet  of  the  kind.  When  wheat  bread  is  used, 
it  should  always  bo  well  lightened  and  stale. 
Bi'ead  of  corn,  popular  as  a  diet  in  Virginia,  is 
found  to  agree  admirably  with  some  dyspeptics. 
If  ilk,  as  a  general  rule  is  not  only  harmless, 
but  useful.  Vegetables,  whether  dressed  or  un- 
dressed, in  their  simple  state,  or  manufactured 
into  pies,  tarts,  sweet-meats^  etc.,  etc.,  must  be 
repudiated.  The  same  of  soups,  gravies,  molten 
butter,  etc.  After  all,  however,  there  is  no  one 
who  can  judge  of  diet  ,for  the  dyspeptic  like  the 
dyspeptic  bimself.-  Let  such  carefully  examine 
themselves,  and  specially  tUe  fleets  of  diffiarent 
articles  of  diet  upon  their  i^atem,  and  they  may, 
without  mistake,  settle  down  upon  those  that  are 
moit  benefioial.  The  true  and  only  secret  upon 
jjihii  subject  is,  U>  eat  noihing  that  disagreef,  and 
anything  that  does  not. 


OKRCnno  OASTRO-EflTlSRlTlS,  OB  IRKtTATTOK  OF 
TiB  liftrC6t%  MEMBRAinS  OF  THE  STOMACH  Ain> 
^WELS. 

Ferhf"' 9  the  largest  class  of  invalidei  that  yisit', 
our  mineral  waters  are  those  suffering  from 
various  def«>avlties  of  the  digestive  and  Mmmila^ 


'  feed  ;  and  in 
»per  than  light 
■epared,  may 
1  is  often  the 
bread  ii  used, 
ad  and  stale, 
n  Yirginia,  is 
ae  dyspeptics, 
aly  harmless, 
Iressed  or  an- 
manufactured 
etc.,  must  be 
rayies,  molten 
ere  is  no  one 
jeptic  like  the 
fully  examine 
!ts  of  diffiarent 
md  they  may, 
those  that  are 
ly  secret  upon 
disagreeft  tmd 


aOTATIOK  OF 
^TOHACHAKD 


idei  that  visit; 
ifferiog'  from 
and  asslmila- 


»j\gl''iJiL^w-.Xia|I|Jipii!jtt 


mmmmm 


DI8BA8BS — ^DUIBOTIORS. 


136 


tire  functions,  and  with  deranged  condition  of 
the  mucous  surfaces,  particularly  of  the  stomach 
and  bowels.    Of  all  people  on  the  globe,  the 
white  population  of  the  IJnited  States  are  most 
subject  to  this  class  of  affections.    The  abundance 
and  variety  of  the  food  in  which  they  indiscrimi- 
nately indulge ;  the  use  of  bad  liquors  and  wines, 
drugged,  as  they  often  are,  by  the  most  poisonous 
substances,  by  which  a  gill  of  pure  spirits  is  rep- 
resented in  a  quart  of  the  tempting  compound ; 
together  with  fast  eating,  or  rather  bolting,  of 
food,    peculiar    to  the  '*  g<Mirheac^veMM"    of 
American*  progress ;  the  consumption  of  gross 
and  improper  food ;  ihe  chewing  and  smoking  of  > 
tobacco,  not  to  allude  to  th?  immense  use  of  strong 
coffee; — ^to  which  may  be  added  the  incessant 
strain  of  the  brain,  and  a  never-ceasing  excite- 
ment in  the  eager  and  uneasy  straggle  for  wealth 
or  political  promotion ;  if  to  these  we  add  the 
effect  of  a  wnstantly-acting  malarious  infiaeacie 
in  many  of  the  new  States  tad  Territories,  and  a 
variable  and  irregular  climate  in  other  portions 
of  our  country,  we  will  be  at  little  loss  to  account 
for  the  common  oceurrence  of  the  eongestions  and 
irritations  of  the  digestive  mucous  sur&ces,  whioh 
are  exhibited  under  suck  a  variety  of  symptoms 
as  often  to  conceal  their  true  pathology  from  the 
careless  observer,  and  even,  not  ttnfreqnentlyi  to 
assume  the  name  of  different  diseases,  well  oaloar 
lated  to  taiidMid  as  to  theit  true  nature. 


186 


wmn  suiPHtn  spbzkos. 


•Uiidor  the  influences  which  thii  congested,  irri-^ 
iate^d,  ftnd  sometimes  inflamed^  condition  of  the 
mncoos  memhrane  of  the  stomach  and  howels  gives 
risoj  the  portal  circulation  is  retarded,  and  the 
liver  secretes  slowljr  an*  imperfectly;  with  had 
digestion,  there  must  he  imperfect  chylificetion, 
•ad  imperfect  and  unhealthy  hlood.  The  fnno 
tions  of  the  kidneys,  too,  will  he  hndly  performed, 
and,  according  to  the  diathesis  that  prevails,  the 
urine  will  show  an  acid  or  alkaline  predominance', 
in  the  form  of  liihio  acid  or  the  phosphates  of 
lime  and  magnesia;  irregularity  of  the  htfDrels 
will  prevail,  sometimes  too  loose,  sometimes  cos- 
tive; operations  sometimes  dayey,  oftener  fnitcotw; 
occasionally,  cholic  wjU  afflict,  hut  more  fre- 
quently gtutrio  or  m^trtol  (leuralgia,  manifested 
by  vagrMt  and  unsettled  pains  in  various  parts  of 
the  abdomen  and  chest,  not  unfrequently  extend- 
ing to  the  windpipe,  similating  genuine  bron- 
chitis, and  often  to  the  region  of  the  heart, 
giving  uneasy  and  alarming  palpitations  of  that 
organ. 

When  these  intestinal  mucous  derangements 
ei^st  in  tiie  female,  the  uterine  system  is  often 
denuiged,  the  pwiods  beccnne  irregular  or  sus- 
piinded,  and  the  natural  secretions  deficient; 
whihi  ItMoorrAom,  ot  eMorosia,  adds  n^w  causes  of 
debility  and  discouragement.  The  ^rmn,  badly 
nourished  hy  thinned  <»  vitiated  blood,  iB:lNN>ught> 
thfongh  its  nerve  oondnetors»  into  a  reverse  iym- 


0f&':[»^0 


ongcated,  irri-^ 
adition  of  the 
id  bowels  gives 
rd«d,  and  the 
ily,  with  bad 
chylification, 
d.  The  frnic- 
iljr  performed, 
;  prevails,  the 
predominaace', 
phosphates  of 
>f  the  b<^Wels 
ometimes  cos- 
ftoner  «t«ootw; 
at  more  fre- 
ia,  manifeiSted 
irioQs  parts  of 
lently  extend- 
genuine  bron- 
>f  the  heart, 
ations  of  that 

derangements 
stem  is  often 
gular  or  sns- 
ns  deficient ; 
B^w  causes  of 
)  iffrain,  badly! 
»d,JB:broaght> 
reterse  iym- 


DUBASBS— DOUMXIOKS. 


13t 


patby  with  the  diseased  surfaces  of  the  stomach 
and  bowels,  and  fully  acts  its  morbid  part  in  the 
drama  of  discomforts  and  complainings,  in  the 
form  of  distressed  forebodings  and  imaginings, 
with  manifestations  of* such  wretchedness  and 
unsteadiness  of  purpose  as  we  witness  in  hypo- 
chondriac and  hysteria;  sometimes  by  vertigo, 
headache,  languor,  disinclination  for  buainMS  or 
society,  ringing  in  the  ears,  watchfulness,  cold 
feet,  and,  generally,  by  depressed  or  low  spirits, 
with  irritability  and  want  of  equanimity  of 
temper.  ' 

This  peculiar  disease  of  the  stomach  and  bowels 
is  far  more  common  than  it  was  in  by-gone  yews. 
I  am  satisfied  that  the  appearance  of  such  cases  at 
our  fashionable  watering  places  has  been  more 
than  duplicated  within  the  last  ten  years.  It 
occurs  more  frequently  with  gentlemen  than  with 
ladies,  agreeably  to  my  observation,  and  more 
frequently  in  youth  and  middle  ag«  than  in  per- 
sons advanced  in  life,  but  occasionally  in  all  ages, 
and  in  both  sexes.  In  several  cases  that  have 
been  uuder  my  dbnsrvation  in  the  last  year  or 
two,  I  have  been  able  to  trace  the  origiirof  the 
disease  very  distinctly  to  the  use  of  bad  wines 
and  spirits,  and  to  the  intemperate  use  of  tobacco. 

In  the  progress  of  this  disease  the  neuraigie 
t^a^^mt  often  become  very  prominent,  so  mn^ 
so,  ibde^,  as  sometimes  to  mislead  the  unwary 
,^^i^aii^as  they  olk«B<  do.  the  patient,  into  ih» 

13* 


188 


WHin  iolphob  spungs. 


belief  that  the  derangement  of  the  nerves  is  the 
primftry  and  principal  disease. 

It  is  easy  for  the  experienced  practitioner  to 
^n'derstand,  but  it  is  difficalt  for  him  to  describe, 
the  maltifariotts  and  anomalous  symptoms,  or 
sympathies,  consequent  upon  a  confirmed  irrita- 
tion of  the  mucous  coats  of  the  stomach  and 
bowels,  that  give  rise  to  gastric  or  intestinal 
neuralgia.  The  great  mobility  of  the  nerves,  and 
of  the  nervous  centre,  the  brain,  gives  rise  to 
symptoms  which,  to  some  extent,  actually  control 
the  case  and  the  patient  completely,  and  appear 
so  prominent  as  to  challenge  a  principal  attention, 
.while  in  fact  they  are  mere  «ym|Ni<Atwof  amorbid 
derangement,  which  lies  entirely  back  of  their 
development,  Mid  ha^  hidden  from  view  by  their 
distressing  prominence.  JTo  direct  an  exclusive 
nervine  treatment  for  the  relief  of  such  rjmptoms, 
.  to  the  neglect  of  the  pathological  oondition  of  the 
muoous  surface  upon  which  they  depend,  would 
be  a  great  mistake;  snoh  treatmeut,  at  most, 
oould  only  be  jpoKtottve,  lad  no  more  effective 
than  »n  attempt  to  desteoy  a  tree  by  merely 
^Iqpfping  off  its  branches. 

A  In  sidphur  waters,  wepossesta  valuable  remedy 
for  the  treatment  of  the  disease  under  eonsid- 
^•mUon,  while  in  the  various  neighboring  alum- 
inous and  chalybeate  springs,  we  have  agents 
w«U  adapted  to  impart  tone  andf  strength  to  the 
nerves,  after  the  system  shaU  have  been  prepared, 


itswpr- 


00. 


ouEAmh- DiKKmomi. 


189 


0  nervei  is  the 

practitioner  to 
nim  to  describe, 

symptoms,  or 
>nfirmed  irrita- 
e  stomach  and 
c  or  intestinal 
tbe  nenres,  and 
I,  gives  rise  to 
actually  control 
ilj,  and  appear 
loipal  attention, 
lAtMofamorbid 
r  back  of  their 
in  Tiew  by  their 
ct  an  exclnsive 
such  r  jmptoms, 
tsondition  of  the 

depend,  would 
DMat,  at  most, 

more  effective 
>ree  hy  merely 

alnable  remedy 
Qoder  oonsid- 
(hhoring  alum- 
e  have  ^ents 
itreng^  to  the 
heea  prtpifed, 


by  the    use  of    the  sulphur    water,  for    their 
employment. 

The  selection  of  the  time  for  the  interposition 
of  the  strictly  tonic  waters,  in  such  cases,  is  a 
matter  of  no  little  importance  to  the  invalid  ;  for 
when  they  are  used  before  proper  alterative 
changes  have  been  effected  in  the  circulation,  and 
upon  the  diseased  surfaces  and  tissues,  tbey  will 
always  prove  ineffiMcious,  and  sometimes  preju* 
dicial. 

DISEASES  OF  THE  LIVXB. 

The  liver  is  the  largest  gland  in  the  human 
body  and  the  first  to  exhibit  development  in  the 
foetal  state.  It  exists  in  almost  everjr  variety  of 
animals,  even  in  those  wh<we  other  organs  are 
very  imperfectly  developed.  Its  great  sisci  its 
early  and  relative  development  in  the  fcetw,  and 
the  complicated  chara<^r  of  its  vascular  ma- 
chinery, all  point  it  out  as  an  organ  of  immense 
importance  in  the  animal  economy,  and  render 
the  opinion  very  probable,  which  has  been  long 
entertained  by  physiologists,  that  it  performs 
other  Amotions  and  offices  in  the  body,  besidet  the 
daity  secretion  of  a  smill  quantity  H>f  bile. 

The  amount  of  bile  secreted  by  the  liver  in 
tw«nty^fonr  hours,  in  an  ordinary  healthy  con- 
dition of  ^«  body,  is  said  not  to  exceed  six  or 
•ight  onnoes— a  relalive  amount  altogether  in- 


140 


WBITB  (VJUPHUK  «nUXCW. 


adequAte  to  its  vMt  lise  and  raMularity,  in 
contrast  with  any  other  gland  of  tha  body.  It 
flcrvei  aa  a  central  termination  of  the  black  blood 
Qf  the  abdomen,  aa  the  luaga  do  of  the  blood  of 
the  general  ayitem—a  peculiarity  which  distin- 
gniihei  it.  from  every  other  gland  of  the  body, 
and  renders  it  probable  that,  like  the  lungs,  it 
exerts  a  peculiar  influence  upon  the  circulating 
fl^id. 

The  Tariety  of  forms  and  phases  under  which 
lirer  complaints  exist,  and  the  sympathies  by 
which  the  liver  is  connected  with  other  organs  and 
tissues  of  the  body,  demand  the  careful  consid- 
eration of  the  medical  practitioner  in  making  up 
his  diagnosis,  and  must  always  be  duly  weighed  in 
forming  hts  prognosis  as  to  the  results  of  clinical 
effort. 

The  sympathy  between  the  lirer  and  stooMch 
ii  constantly  remarked,  and  is  often  so  intense  as 
taoanae  the  practitionw  to  doubt  as  to  which  of 
the.organs  is  the  primary  seat  of  disease.  Indeed, 
the  symptoms  attending  biliary  derangementa  are 
so  easily  mistaken  for,  and  so  generally  accom- 
panied by,  derangements  of  the  other  digestiTe 
organs,  as  often  to  mislead  both  the  patient  and 
hii  medical  adviser.  Hence  il  is,  that  Uver  disease 
and  dyspepsia  are  so  often  oobfonnded,  and  the 
intelligent  physician  unable  clearly  to  determine 
wM^  of  tiMse  organs  was  the  original  seat  of  the 
mahidy. 


m 


•Mularity,  in 
tha  body.  It 
lie  bl»ok  blood 
r  the  blood  of 
which  difltin- 
of  the  body, 
the  luQgs,  it 
he  oiroaUting 

I  under  which 
lympathies  by 
ler  organs  and 
arefal  constd- 
in  making  up 
ily  weighed  in 
ilti  of  clinical 

and  stomach 
(I  so  intense  as 
as  to  which  of 
NMC.  Indeed, 
ftngementa  are 
lerally  acciom- 
ther  digestiTe 
tie  patient  and 
UUtct  disease 
ided,  and  the 
'  to  determhie 
nftlseatof  the 


DniAgBh-Diiionoira. 


141 


The  sympathy  between  the  liyer  and  brain  has 
long  been  obserred.  In  functional  or  structural 
derangements  of  the  liver,  there  are  few  symptoms 
more  constantly  present  th|m  rertigo,  headache, 
or  disturbance  of  the  mental  faculties.  80  con- 
stantly do  these  disturbances  of  the  mental 
faculties  exist  in  liver  complaints,  that  they 
present  ohe  of  the  leading  diagnostic  symptoms  of 
the  existence  of  the  disease.  It  has  long  been 
observed  that  intense  thought,  or  any  strong 
emotion  of  the  mind,  will  derange  the  biliary 
secretions.  Fear,  grief,  and  the  other  depressing 
passions,  lessen ;  while  anger,  hope,  joy,  etc., 
increase  and  sustain  a  rapid  flow  of  bile. 

Diseases  of  the  liver  not  uncommonly  assume 
the  appearance  of  jmbnoaio  e^eoHoM,  and  some- 
times end  in  actual  disease  of  the  lungs.  Doubt- 
less this  is  often  owing  to  the  encroachment  of 
the  liver  on  the  lungs,  when  the  former  is 
morbidly  enlarged,  thus  disturbing  the  respiratory 
functions ;  or'an  irritation  may  extend  itself  iflrom 
the  former  to  the  latter,  and  assume  all  the 
symptoms  of  an  originsi  idiopathic  affection, 
'  while  the  original  malady  lies  concealed. 

Omuam  Bjbpatixib  is  a  very  commbn  disease  in 
this  country,  especially  In  our  warmer  latitudes 
and  miasmatic  districts;  In  its  least  complicated 
form  it  is  charactetiaed  pathologically  by  a  ple- 
thora or  congested  state  of  the  vascular  system  of 


;^ii#':fji^iiii»il4ajp;ifr' 


S3&ifi«v 


142 


WHITB  BULPHVB   SPBIKaS. 


the  liver,  Hccompanied,  of  course,  lij  derangements 
of  4he  biliary  fundtions  and  of  the  nervous  system 
of  the  organ.  Its  approaches  are  generally  slow 
and  insidious,  and  often  the  health  is  entirely 
undermined  before  the  sufferer  is  fully  aware  of 
his  danger.  For,  without  any  symptoms  of 
severe  indisposition,  it  will  often  run  on  to  suppu- 
ration, or  organic  induration  of  the  viscus,  before 
its  existence  is  suspected. 

I  once  saw  a  patient,  (a  young  man)  whose  first 
serious  concern  for  his  condition  was  occasioned 
by  the  bursting  of  an  abscess  in  his  liver.  He 
died  a  few  hours,  afteirwards,  and  a  post-mortem 
examination  revealed  the  fact  that  I^is  livei^  had 
been  so  cintirely  absorbed  as  to  leave  only  a  vei^ 
small  portion  investing  the  gall-bladder. 

Ohronic  inflammation  of  tho  liver  seldom  goes 
for  a  great  wliile  without  prodiicing  important 
miMhief  in  the  organs,  occasionally  resulting  in 
abscess  or  tubercles,  but  more  generally  in  indn- 
tating  the  stracturd,  or  enlarging'  the  volume, 
of  the  visous,  constituting  what  is  termed 
"eHUu>ged  Uver,"  schirroos  liver,  etc. 

While  this  chronic  inflammation,  obstrnotion, ' 
Ofr  impaired  function  of  the  liver  is  going  on,  they 
ocoasidn  indigestion,  flatulence,  a  tenderness  or 
pain  in  the  right  hypochondrium,  irhich  pain  is 
often  extended  to  the  right  scapula  or  top  of  th^e 
shoulder,  but  oooMionally  in  the  bad;,  or  on  the 
left  side  over  the  region  of  the  heart.    (Johnim) 


'',,^;i*kl-.>»i!^'' 


Y  derangements 
nervous  system 

generally  slow 
Jth  is  entirely 

fully  aware  of 

symptoms    of 

m  on  to  Buppu- 

e  visctts,  before 

lan)  whose  first 
was' occasioned 
his  liver.  He 
a  post-mortem 
i  I^is  Hvef  had 
ave  only  a  very 
ladder. 

Br  seldom  goes 
;in^  important 
ly  resulting  in 
erally  in  ittdu- 
g  the  volume, 
at  is  termed 
to. 

n,  obstrnotion, ' 
going  on,  they 
tenderness  or 
,  iehich  pain  is 
.  or  top  of  tb^e 
adj:,  or  on  the 
trt.    (Jdkimn.) 


PI8BABES — DIBBOTIONS. 


143 


To  these  symptoms  are  usually  added  an 
unpleasant  sense  of  distension  about  the  stomach, 
acidity,  inability  to  lie  comfortably  on  the  left 
side,  with  pale  or  sallow  complexion,  and  a 
gradual  diminution  of  the  flesh  and.  strength. 

In  the  beginning  of  these  affections,  the  bowels 
are  generally  constipated,  the  feeces  being  at  one 
time  of  a  dark  and  at  another  of  a  lighter  color 
than  natural.  As  the  disease  advances,  it  some- 
times ends  in  diarrhoea  or  dysenteric  irritation. 

Listlessness,  languor,  and  aversion  to  enterprise, 
are  characteristics  of  the  disease.  The  sufferer 
delights  to  detail  the  misery  of  his  case,  and 
contemplates  it  ordinarily  in  its  most  unfavorable 
results.  Wherever  we  And  derangements  of  the 
hepatic  functions,  we  find  low  spirits,  irritability 
of  temper,  fickleness,  timidity  and  hypochon- 
driacism,  to  a  greater  or  less  extent,  and  this, 
irrespective  of  the  high  natural  or4er  or  cultiva-^ 
tion  of  the  mind  of  the  sufferer. 

The  White  Sulphur  water  acts  specifically  upon 
the  secretory  organs,  and  especiiE^lly  upon  the 
liver. 

We  have  already,  in  another  part  of  this 
volume,  shown  the  striking  similarity  of  acti6n 
between  mercury  and  sulphur  waters  upon  the 
animal  economy.  In  nothing  is  this  more 
manifest  than  in  their  operations  on  the  l^ver. 

The  modm  operandi  of  sulphur  water  upon  this 
yisous  is  4^imilar  to  that  of  mercury,  and  yet  the 


144 


Wl^ffH  SPLPBUB  SraiKQS. 


efi^ts  of  the  two  agents  are  strikingly  analogous. 
The  pofent  and  oontrolUng  inflaendes  of  the  water 
over  the  secretorj  functions  of  the  liver,  must  he 
regarded  as  a  speoifio  qualitj  of  the  agent,  and  as 
oonstitutiog.  &u  important  therapeutical  feature  in 
the  value  of  the  article,  for  diseases  of  this  organ. 
Its  inflaeace  upon  this  gland  is  gradually,  hut 
aurely,  to  unload  it,  when  engorged,  and  to 
stimulate  it  to  a  healthy  exercise  of  its  functions, 
when  torpid.  The  control  which  it  may  be  made 
to  exercise  over  the  liver,  in  (k>rrepting  and 
restoring  its  energies,  is  often  as  astonishing  m  it 
is  gratifying^-^establishing  a  copious  flow  of 
healthy  hile,  and  a  consequent  activity  of  the 
Itowels — ^impartinp;  vigor  to  the  whole  digestive 
and  assittilaiive  >  fttucttons,  and,  consequently, 
energy  and  strength  to  the  body  "rd  life  and 
elastidity  to  the  spirits, 

^iyttoAtionK^as  directed,  at  an  earl;)  (in  the 

history  of  mineral  waters,  to  theit  opntrolling 
rnflttence  over  diseases  of  the  liver,  and  by  the 
best  informed  pr^titioners  both  of  Europe  and 
this  country,  sulphur  waters  have  always  beeit 
&voritiB  renkeNiuM  in  theiareataient  of  that  class  of 

aSiBIOttQBS. 

The  eeUbniited  Dr.  Armstrong,  alihoiifh  of 
oool>  divorinunatittg,  and  well  baiiin<»d  mind, 
was  stf  much  devoM  to  theii*  use  in  chronic 
inifiamiiMtlons  and  oongMtioof  of  the  l^ver,  that 
some  pf  his  oouteuiporar^,  less  practiced  in  their 


T'rur''Tr3i.  i-jiii'i^llPinM.: 


s. 

igly  analogous. 
068  of  the  water 
liver,  must  be 
e  agent,  and  as 
itical  feature  in 
8  of  this  organ, 
gradually,  but 
;orged,  and  to 
r  its  Amotions, 
it  may  be  made 
)0rr9cting[  and 
itonishing  as  it 
pious  flow  of 
activity  of  the 
rhoie  digestive 
conseciuently, 
■    "rd  life  and 


i^mi^i^^ 


145 


1:1 


(in  the 


eit  oontrolling 
er,  and  by  the 
of  Euro^  and 
e  always  been, 
of  that  class  of 

S,  aUhoofli  of 
kii^^d  mind, 
S0  in  cttronio 
the  -l|ver,  that 
octiced  in  theif 


use,  thought  him  infatuated  upon  the  subject. 
He  preferred  them,  most  decidedly,  as  an  inde- 
pendent remedy,  to  mercury  in  all  its  forms ;  but 
very  properly  observes,  that  in  some  jsases  it  will 
be  found  best  to  combine  the  operation  of  the  two 
agents  at  the  same  time.  -       * 

For  many  years  I  have  kept  a  aaae  6oofc  at  the 
White  Sulphur,  and  have  carefully  noted  the 
influence  of  the  water  upon  such  diseases  as  have 
been  submitted  to  my  management.  Among  the 
number  are  several  hundred  cases  of  ctronlo 
afieetions  of  the  livet,  embracing  disease  of 
dmple  eaeeitemetU,  chionic  inflammation,  congestion, 
engorgement ,  Bkud.  obstruction  of  the  biliary  ductS, 
etc.,  etc.  These  cases  were  all  treated  either  with 
the  White  Sulphur  water,  alone,  or  aided  by  some 
other  apptopriate  alterative  remedy ;  aitid  in 
looking  at  the  results,  I  must  be  permitted  to 
express  a  doubt  whether  a  lairger  rdatiife  amount 
of  amendmentiB  and  cures  have  ever  been  effeciBd 
by  the  usual  resourcMBS  of  them^  ileal  shop.  *  This 
I  know  is  high  *tilogy  of  sulphtw  Water  in  sutsh 
diseases.  It  iai  considerately  made,  and.  is  laot 
hijgher  than  its  knerits  justify. 

It  is  proper  that  those  afiected  with  liver 
discMMe,  (and  they  constitute  no  siUaTl  pdf tion  of 
{be  population,  in  certain  districts  of  our  south- 
western territory,)  should  know  sbmethiag  of 
the  confidence  they  may  place  in  these  waters  for 
reliefs    ..    ,  - 

18 


ii 


iwitfiiiiiiiffl 


u$ 


wmn  fomom  wnaam. 


Volnmei  might  be  filled  with  details  of  grati- 
fying reinlte  that  hare  taken  plaoe  in  the  cases  of 
invalids,  from  almost  erery  seotiea  of  tiie  conntfj, 
who  visited  these  watefs  as  a  sort  of  "last 
resort "  fer  liver  disease.  And  hondreds  of 
delighted  witnesses  may  be  tbnndi  especially  in 
the  wanner  regions  of  the  sonth,  who  bear  a 
wilUng  and  grateful  teatimony  to  Iheir  ntility  in 
aooh  cases. 

Xiet  me  not  be  nnderstood,  howeveri  as  advancing 
tbeopinioBf  that  sttlphar  water  wiU  onre  every 
case  of  chronic  livw  disease.  Far  from  it.  I 
have  already  itated.elsewhere,  that  mineral  witers 
ilrill  sometimes  fidl  in  chronic  diseases  bf4w- 
eMfarsd  oeHm  o%.,  .This,  it  is  most  probable, 
happen!  in  eases  i^he>%  the  ^ood-veisels  have  been 
Mlmig  distended  as  to  have  Icet  their  power  of 
ntntalng  to  their  natural  etate.  Besides,  it  will 
happen,  titi^  among  the  nnmbet^  of  invalids  that 
offvwd  oor  wttt^ttg  plac^,  seeMilg  «»ll9f  )&om 
tins  otmmon  aflbetion,  many  mil  bo  fawajlk  in 
wl^ose  Uveri  orgauie  lesidns  liave  already  tidwn 
plltoe.  In  snch,  perlbot  eorea  need  not  be 
eiffMled,  oilier  by  snlphnr  waters  or  aiqr  other 

.2ft  amther  part  <tf  HMs  tii^e,*  1^  importanoe 
of  ^f  Itt^  alterative  mthartic  lis^ines,  in 
connection  with  mineral  waters,  hi^  been  4isi- 


•  Bm  eli^^  m.  "  Ob  thB  Vm  flT  liedldiiM,  «ie." 


■■ilJlUn  ■  ;riJ'!"'H'  .ilj 


iipjii>m 


etaiU  of  grati- 
I  in  the  eases  of 
of  tiio  conatry, 
sort  of  "l*st 
hondreds  of 
,  ospeoklly  in 
i;  who  bear  a 
biour  utility  in 

r^iMadminoiiig 
'ill  onre  OTdry 
it  from  it.  1 
mineral  vaters 
iiseaMS  of  4t«- 
Doat  probat^e, 
ifHidtlifti^beaii 
tboir  power  of 
lendes«  it  will 
r  inralids  that 
tg  ittli^f  jl'oin 
r  1*9  f^wag  In 
ab^lid^  tidwn 
neod  not  be 
I  ^  ai^  ollieir 

i&0  iittpolrtanoe 
lOed^ines/  in 
hais  |)e^  '4isi> 

ioinai,^'*. 


10 


tinotiy  stated.  In  no  class  of  oases  is  this  practice 
more  important  than  in  diseases  of  the  liver.  In 
obstinate  oases,  or  those  in  which  the  use  of 
mercurials  are  inadmissible,  the  niiro-muriaiia 
bath  may  be  resorted  to  with  good  ^foot  as  an 
adjuvant  to  the  water. 

Jmrndiee  is  a  form  of  liver  disease  in  which  the 
White  Sulphur  water  it  used  with  very  happj 
effects. 

This  affection  is  characterijsed  by«  yellow  tt|^'^ 
of  the  skin  generally,  f  nd  pationlAcly  of  the  Iwli^a 
oMifKfiefe'oa;  dwp  yellow  or  iKrown  c<^r  of  the 
urine,  pale  or  clay-like  oolor  of  tlw  stools,  sense 
of  languor  and  lassitude^  with  depression  of  epirita 
and  a  (disincliuatim  $Q  enwreuie.  <^  senee  of 
n^ht  or  uuittsin^  if  o|^4folt  itbout  the  jat  of 
l^e  stomach,  while  tho  ll^wels  are  coetiye  and  the 
urine  very  highly  colore^/  - 

the  cause  of  this  diseiMie  ha«  %lwayt  been  eouf 
sidered  to  be  obstrucljotts  of  some  Mnd  or  oth«r 
to  tliie  free  egrm  of  thei^  bile  from  ^e  ex^retm^ 
.  ducts  of  the  liver.  Most  commonly ,  these  ol«Btriio- 
tionji  are  occanoned  by  in«lMfiHite4  I4le  eir  pMone 
cott(»etion'»  ^ithin  i^  g#li ,  4iijiita  JhemseNM » 
(»C^iona|ty  by  spasn^odic  ^mitrietions  of  the 
^Wy  tubes ;  and  nor/  and  then  from  external 
proiBure  hy  tumors  on  the  l^ver  Itself,  px  some 
netf^klKMriing  part. 


€ 


^mi^^mg&^^^^^m&^^^^MimM^mMM^>!*> 


WJ|i.»l!-.. 


Trrr 


•«?s- 


U8 


wBia  nu»iu»  mmsmi' 


When  the  olMtniotion  arises  from  inspissated 
1»lr  or  very  small  ooZctifi,  or  from  spasm  of  the 
gftU  dw^  themselves,  the  disease  is  oompa? atively 
easily  relieved ;  and  such  eases  ai^e  generally  cured 
by  the  White  Sulphur  water  with  certainty,  in  a 
ftw  weeks. 

When,  however,  the  obstructing  calculi  are 
large^  and  the  q[>asm  and  irritation  considerable, 
the  disease  is  not  only  more  tedious,  but  the 
measure  of  relief  from  fl^e  water  more  uncertain. 

Pte  use^of  mercurial  ajperients,  especially  small 
doses  of  calomel  with  aloes,  or  col.  and  ant.,  which, 
while  ^y  clear  the  bowels^  excite  the  biliary 
ducts,  are  gelen^ly  valuable  adjuvants  iff  the 
water.  Advantage ,  is  also  derived,  especially  in 
the  declining  stage  of  tke  disease,  firom  the  bitter 
▼eliietable  inftisicais,  such  as  otunomile,  gentian,  or 
q[ttMnia.  The  iUtn>-muriaiic  bath  is  a  remedy  of 
miioh  promise  in  this  disease,  and.  shonld  not  be 
oirerieokedin  obs^mte-oases. 

Mr.  G.,  aged  forty'five,  of  rtfbnst  fmme  and 
njktuMly  of  good  oonstitnttonj  sought  my  advice 
on  the  6th  of  September,  1856.  Be  was  suffering 
from  intense  jaundice  o^  several  weeks'  <i»>ntinu- 
fnee ;  his  eniire  snr&ce was  ofdeep  orange  htte ; 
•constant  sense  of  uneasinesA  in  his  right  side ; 
bo#«ts  obstinai^ ;  exeretions  dry,  ai^d  whitish  in 
color ;  tongue  covered  with  a  yellowish  iur,  astd 
spirits  desponding. 

Vx.  0.  has  lived^br  8eT(n'al  years  in  a  miasmatic 


wmmm 


$- 


om  inspissated 
.  spasopb  of  the 
i  compafatively 
generally  cured 
certaintj,  in  a 

ng  calculi  are 
Q  considerable, 
lions,  but  the 
Dore  uncertain, 
tspeciallj  small 
knd  ant.,  which, 
lite  the  biliary 
jnVants  itf  the 
1,  especially  in 
ftom  the  bitter 
lile,  gentian,  or 
is  a  remedy  of 
.  should  not  be 

lutt  fimme  and 
aght  iny  iiidvice 
to  uras  suffering 
weeks'  <i»>ntintt- 
!ep  orange  htie ; 
his  right  side ; 
M^d  whitish  in 
iowisl^^r,  astd 

B  ina  miasmatic 


DIBBA8SS — ^DIRIOnOKS. 


149 


district,  and  for  two  consecutive  years  has  had 
intermittent  fever.  He  had  been  using  the  water 
very/redy  for  two^eeks  before  he  called  at  my 
office,  but  without  any  appreciable  benefit ;  during 
all  this  time  the  water  had  been  running  off  by 
the  kidneys,  but  had  not  affected  his  bowels, 
softened  his  p'  ;  ,  or  in  any  degree  alterated  his 
liver.  I  ad.  wd  mercurial  medicines,  which  it 
became  necessary  to  repeat  for  s<)veral  consecutive 
nights ;  had  warm  cataplasms  applied  through 
the  night  to  the  hypochondriac  region,  first  having 
the  part  well  rubbed  with  a  stimulating  lotidn ; 
dilut*4  nitro-muriatic  acid  was  also  freely  used 
subii*9q;uently  over  the  region  of  the  fiver.  Caused 
him  to  diKowlinm  the  i^ater  ekHrdy  fc»  twefOif- 
four  houra,  and  then  resume  it  morning  and  night 
in  smaller  doses  than  he  had  been  using,  'lind 
with  longer  intervals  bdtwoien  the  glasses  j^the 
warm  sulphut  bath  wis  nsed,  but  not  until  the 
water,  with  the  mercurials,  had  begtkn  to  impWss 
the  liver.  In  six  days  after  Mr.  G.  entered  upon 
this  treatment^  he  was  decidedly  improved,  and, 
in  lesV  than  three  weeks,  his  amendment  lyas  .so 
great,  and  the  prospect  of  its  continuing  so  evident, 
that  he  was  advised  to  leave  the  Springs  for  his 
home. 

I  giViB  this  case- not  because  ther^  iis  an^^iiig 
peottliar  in  it,  but  as  a  sample  of  many  that  oocitr, 
and  especially  to  show  the  beneficial  effects  of 
medidiues  in  connection  with  tlm  water  In  such 

18* 


••ii*yf7^" 


-!* 


W6  wtam  avLPHin  §nsam. 

caiec,  and  without  whioh*  in  tho  case  related,  it 
is'l)bvioas  that  the  water  would  have  been  very 
terdy  in  prodnoing  a  core,  if  indeed  it  had  not 
entirely  failed  to  do  so. 

CHBOmO  ENLAHGKHBirT  OF  THE  SPLEEN. 

Diaorder  and  enHrgement  of  the  spleen  are  very 
often  met  with  at  all  our  watering  placet.  For 
many  years  I  hare  carefully  noted  the  (^ration  of 
the  Whit«  Sulphur  water  in  such  eases.  Unai4«d 
by  other  meansi  it  has  not  reaUaed  the  high  hopes 
I  once  had  of  it.  Satisfied  of  the  great  advantage 
^I  might  saf  •bsolnte  necendty  in  vmhj  casesrr 
of  urging"  a  treatment  m^re  active  than  the  water 
db»ae^  I  now  wely  rely  on  it  to  the  ezoJlttBion  v^ 
<^ier  ageitta.  . 

Th«  pr^pwn^M  of  iodinoi  used  both  internally 
•i^  eiiternally,  are  valuable  iM^nncts. to  the  water 
ia^these  cases.  In  mm  wm,  good  eieots  are 
derived  from  large  doses  of  t^inine;  and  |<o£ten 
find  it  necessary  io  «|d  |he  purgative  operation  of 
Ihe  wjiter  by  tite  vm  of  mild  cathMti<Pf     ' 


Oliservi^on  of  the  benefits  dtoivedi  from  the  use 
Dt  the  White  Suli^ur  water  in  chronioirritoti(«a 
of  the  bowelsy  «•  coeval  with  the  early  liseof  the 
water;:  yet  in  ««  other  4&HMses  is  there  greater 


iiiMiP 


SSP 


Dinusn— i>iMKrEK»i8. 


Ul 


case  relatod,  it 
hav«  been  very 
eed  it  had  not 


HE  8FLEEK. 

lapleen  are  very 
tg  places.  For 
the  (^ratiott  of 
»$es.    ^nai4«d 

the  high  hopes 
great  advantage 
a  xpMQj  caaet— 

than  the  water 
he  ezduston  of 

,  both  intenially 
leta  to  the  water 
good  e^Bots  are 
ne;  and Jt:'often 
ive  operirtion  of 
fftioSf     V 


redt  from  the  use 
ronioirtifettiMia 
early  ^se  of  the 
it  ih«»  giei^r 


necessity  for  a  careful  pathology,  and  a  prudent 
and  skillful  use  of  the  remedy.  As  a  kind  Provi- 
dence « tempers  the  wind  to  the  shorn  lamb,"  so 
must  this  agent,  potent  for  good  or  ill  in  aticb 
oases,  be  tempered  to  the  morbid  irritabilities  of 
the  bowels. 

In  such  affections,  attended  with  frequent  and 
copious  serous  dejections,  the  water^  if  admisnble 
at  all,  should  be  used  with  care,  and  in  small 
portioijs  At  a  time.  Where  there  is  extreme  sus- 
ceptibility of  the  canal,  with  tenderness  on  prat- 
sure^  the  draughts  of  water  should  be  very  snudl, 
not  exceeding  half  a  glassi  (about  one  gill,)  taken 
at  sneh  intervals  as  to  secure  the  l^wels  against 
any  excitation  from  the -remedy.  Under  this 
guarded  and  alment  hom<»opathlo  administra- 
tion,— and,  if  necessary,  connected  with  an  oeoa- 
sional  soothing  potion,  wwm  extwnal  applications 
to  the  bowels,  and  the  frequent  use  of  a  tofld 
sulphor  bath,^^  often  witness  very  graUfyisg 
resolts. 

*  Somemhat  less  difficulty  is  presented  in  nMfOMM 
dUarrhaat  Mid  ia  sa^  mees  thoaction  of  the  water, 
prudently  U8t4,  if  geaerally  ftvorable*  We  scone- 
times  find  an  alMon  of  the  mncoos  ooal  of  &• 
bowels,  espedaliy  in  persons  from  the  warm«r 
xegions  of  onr  eonntry^  conneotod  with  fonetional 
derangements  of  tho  stcoaaoh  and  liver;  iasmlL 
cases,  it  will  nsnally  be  fennd  tiiat»  in  prq^tion 
as  Ute  tend;  of  the  formeri  Mid  tiie  healthM  aecre- 


W|ff»iii|ii"»  II 


ir 


16S 


WHin  SVUPfilTR  BFBIXGS. 


tions  cf  tho  latter,  are  restored,  the  morbid  oon> 
ditlon  of  the  bowels  ceases.  In  no  class  of  cases, 
however,  if  we  except  diseases  of  the  lungs,  is 
more  prudence  demanded  in  the  administration  of 
the  water  than  in  irritated  conditions  of  the 
bowels.  When  judiciously  and  cautiously  pro- 
scribed, the  agent  is  not  only  a  safe,  but  * 
valuable  remedy,  in  diseases  of  this  class ;  but 
when  used,  as  it  sdmetimes  most  imprudently  U, 
in  cases  attended  with  excessive  irritation  or 
ulceration  of  the  coats  of  the  bowels,  most  pr^u- 
dioial  consequences,  may  result. 

In  connection  with  the  water,  in  this  class  of 
diseases,  I  often,  and  with  excellent  effect,  use 
warm  emollient  6ata(»lasms,  with  the  internal 
administration  of  some  mild  alterative  and  sooth- 
ing medicind. 

To  warm  raljpAur  bathg,  in  such  cases,  much 
oonAdenoe  la  due.  To  bo  safely  and  suocessthlly 
employed,  the  bath  should  be  carefully  adapted,' 
both  as  to  time  and  temperature,  to  the  demands  of 
thecoiBe. 

lir.  J.,  of  Virginia,  aged  sev^niy'-six,  naturally 
of  good  constitution,  arrived  at  the  Springs  in 
Avigust,  1856 ;  he  had  been  sufibring  with  chrmio 
dUfKttf^koea  of  xttuco-serotts  character  for  two  years, 
attended  with  an  almost  entire  absen<ie  of  bile  in 
the  oxoreti<»is.  The  disease  had  reduced  hink 
considerably  both  in  flesh  and  strength ;  his 
operctidns,  which  were  large  and  freguent,  were 


m^iua»-^aacfn<aa. 


158 


e  morbid  oon« 
class  of  cases, 

the  lungs,  is . 
oiinistration  of 
litions  of  tho 
sautiouslj  pro- 
i  safe,  but  a 
Ills  class ;  but 
mprudentlj  i^, 

irritation   or 
Is,  most  pr^u- 

n  this  class  of 

cnt  effect,  use 

the  internal 

tite  and  sooth* 

I  cases,  much 
id  successfully 
>fully  adapted,' 
ihe  demands  of 

'•six,  naturally 
he  Springs  in 
ig  with  chronic 
foir  two  years, 
snuie  ef  bile  in 
reduced  hini 
strength ;  his 
freguent,  were 


so  prostrating  as  often  to  oblige  him  to  use  diffu- 
sible stimulants  to  maintain  his  strength. 

On  reaching  the  Springs,  Mr.  J.  commenced  the 
use  of  the  water  in  ihe  dose  of  half  a  glass  at  a 
draught,  and  used  it,  at  first,  only  before  break- 
fast and  after  tea.  For  the  first  two  or  three  days 
he  used  but  one  pint  in  the  twenty-four  hours, 
which  was  gradually  increased  to  two,  and  finally 
to  three  pints  in  the  course  of  the  day.  An  ob- 
vious amendment  was  perceived  after  the  sixth 
day,  and  in  three  weeks  Mr.  J.  was  permitted  to 
leave  the  Springs,  apparently,  and,  as  observation 
has  since  verified,  permanently  cured.  . 

The  sulphur  bath  was  used  in  this  case,  with 
some  local  applications  to  the  bowels  at  night,  and 
now  and  then  a  soothing  pill  or  potion  given, 
mainly  with  the  view  to  have  the  water  well 
retained  in  the  system.  The  treatment,  except  by 
the  sulphur  water  and  baths;  conld  not  to  any 
considerable  degree  account  for  his  recovery. 

I  have  given  this  case  because  it  is  a  recent  one, 
and  remi^rkable  on  account  of  the  age  of  the 
patient,  the  long  continuance  of  the  disease,  and 
the  rapidity  of  the  cure.  Cases  not  dissimilar, 
except  in  the  age  of  the  patient,  have  been  flre- 
quent  in  my  practice  at  the  springs  for  the  last 
twenty  years. 

The  following  case  is  published  with  the^view 
of  presenting  the  effects  of  the  water  in  diarrhcea 
connected  with  tubaetOa  w/Ummaiion  of  the  ooikti 
of  the  stomach  and  bowels. 


ppgpipss 


m 


wnni  mnnnt  tnann. 


Mr.  Q.,  of  North  Cftrolina,  conralted  m«  in 
Avgiut,  1866 ;  hit  diMMe  was  lubAoate  inflam- 
mation of  tlie  stomaoh  and  bowoli,  attended  with 
fluent  dehiUtating  operations.    The  caae  wae 
ci  MTeral  months'  oontinnaaoe,  and  had  super- 
ipened  vpoA  an  imperfectly  onred  dysentorj  r  his 
tongue  was  thin,  hard,  and  glased ;  palse  feeble, 
hat  qaiok,  and  Tarying  from  100  to  120  at  different 
periods  of  the  day;  the  ibusoles  oovering  his 
howels  were  tense  and  firm,  and  there  was  soine 
tenderness  on  pressure  oror  the  whole  sorfaoe  of 
the  abdomen.    He  was  ooni^derably  reduced  in 
flesh;  his, appetite  precarious  and  bad,  and  his 
spirite  worse. 

Mr.  O.  had  bee«  using  ^he  water,  and  in  quite 
too  large  doses,  for  seTcral  days  before  he  called 
upOTi  me,  which  had,  to  some  extent,  aggrarated 
att  ^  qrmi'toDiB.    Under  ite  use  hrj  had  become 
ftvwririt,  his  appetite  diminished,  his  strength 
decroMcdv  and   his   bowels  more   irritoble.     I 
caused  him  to  disconUtwe  <ite  water  for  several 
days ;  had  warm  poidtioes  applied  to  his  bowels ; 
ilimiimstered    mo^hia,  ipecaeuanhaj   and   mild 
mercurials.    In  thrie  days  the  febrile  tendency 
had  so  abated  as  tolnduee  me  to  try  the  water  in 
ite  etaU  /army  and  in  doses  of  half  a  glals,  re- 
peated at  intervals  of  one  hour.    It  acted  m<»t 
kindly   an4    soothittgly,   and    his   amendment 
speedily  became  obviom ;  indeed,  he  experienced 
great  relief  from  all  his  worst  symptoms ;   his 


<mm 


DIIIA80— Dmnmoira. 


165 


nraltod  m«  in 
ibaoate  inflam- 
,  ftttended  with 

The  <MU6  WM 
md  hftd  luper- 
dyiesterjr;  his 
i ;  palse  feeble, 

120  afc  different 
m  covering  hii 
there  was  eoine 
vhole  sarfaoe  of 
ihlj  reduced  in 
d  bad,  and  hii 

n,  and  in  quite 
before  he  called 
tent,  aggravated 
I  hfj  had  become 
d,  his  strength 
w   irritable.     I 
«rfer  for  seTeral 
I  to  his  bowels ; 
»nha,   and   mild 
febrile  tendency 
try  the  water  in 
half  a  glals,  re- 
.    It  acted  mot 
his   amendnient 
,  he  esq^rienced 
•ymptoma ;   his 


bowels,  howerer,  still  continued  to  be  too  often 
moTod,  which  I  judged  to  be  rather  the  effect 
of  debility  of  the  alimentary  canal  than  of  any 
irritating  eaxMe.  Under  this  state  ef  things,  be- 
lieving the  irritation  and  congestion  of  the  vessels 
sufficiently  subdued  to  enable  him  to  take  tonic 
waters  to  advantage,  I  ordered  him  to  the  Bock- 
bridge  Alum,  and  have  since  Icftrned  that  he 
became  entirely  wc  U  before  returning  home. 

OOBTIYENEUS. 

In  eostiveness,  dey'3ndent  v^ion  defi^'Snt  t^  de- 
praved biliary  secretions,  greal  oonfii  ^oe  may  be 
placed  in  the  persevering  ufo  of  i'  xvuter,  espe-  • 
cially  if  It  be  aided  by  the  '^noavioaal  admin>  'ra- 
tion of  smaU  mercurials  co'a;^)^:.  od  with  tarex.;,am 
and  rhubarb. 

When  great  poverty  or  deficiency  of  bile  existe, 
the  inafiinakd  pat  goU  is  found  to  be  usef^.  II 
may  be  taken  in  pUls,  in  quantities  (tf  ten  or 
^jfteon  grains  daily,  with  a  little  toraxicum  and 
rhubarb. 

In  cofUveness  firom  general  inerHa  of  the  alimen- 
tary oaaid,  there  is  less  cause  to  be  pleased  with 
the  effioenoy  of  the  White  Sulpliur  water.  SMh 
cases  are  oommonly  Ibnnd  oMuieoled  intii  greet 
languor  of  th«*  body  and  general  nervoue  irritftc 
bility.  The  r  i-  >f  the  mn^^mr  ha^,  of  a  tem« 
peralore  from  96''  to  106°  ahould  be  esB^loyed  in 


.i!W!i«ii:Miiiii>!itiB.iiii»ii^ 


166 


WHITK  SnifHTTB  SPBXKOS. 


Bttoh  cases,  in  connection  with  the  water,  which 
should  he  drunk  as  freely  as  the  stomach  will 
hear  it/ morning,  noon  and  nighty  nnldss  it  run 
off  \Kf  the  kidneys ;  in  which  Case  it  ought  to  he 
entirely  suspended  for  a  day,  and  an  active  cath- 
artic taken  hefore  its  use  is  resumed. 

FILBS. 

The  use  of  mild  laxatives  in  hemorrhoids  has 
heen  so  long  a  fi3.yorite  practice,  that  nothing 
needs  he  said  here  in  its  favor.  The  heneficial 
effects  of  this  water  in  piles  are,  douhtless,  in 
some  degree,  owing  to  its  mild  purgative  opera- 
^i^ons ;  hut,  to  a  stilt  greater  extent,  to  its  altera- 
i^ve  action.  In  most'  cases  of  this  disorder,  the 
liver  is  more  or  less  implicated,  and  the  relief  of 
that  viscus  hrings  relief  to  the  hemorrhoidal 
vessels.  I  will  only  add,  that  hoth  in  the  common 
Kud  JtiHnd  pika  the  water  is  advantageously  used, 
hut  more  especially  in  the  latter. 

,    -■■         ■  ■    .      *  '  ■       ♦ 

DISEASES  OF  THE  UBINABT  OBGAK8. 

Iito^pimU  CaicuXmui  affections  are  occaiionttUy 
stthoiitted  to  the  use  of  this  water,  and,  for  such 
cases,  it  hnuB  long  maintained  a  repntattoh.  C^s 
are  said  to  have  occurred,  though  ponei  such  have 
come  under  my  ohtervation,  in  which  it  displayed 
UthtmirtpUc  qrnlitiea. 


wmmp:;':. 


le  water,  which 
e  stomach  will 
t,  unldBS  it  run 
it  ought  to  be 
an  active  cath- 
ed. 


lemorrhoids  has 
e,  that  nothing 
The  beneficial 
re,  doubtless,  in 
purgative  opera- 
nt, to  its  altera- 
lis  disorder,  the 
ind  the  relief  of 
le  hemorrhoidal 
th  in  the  oofimuM 
ntagebusly  ttsed, 


T  ORGAKB. 

are  oocaiionally 
er*  and,  for  such 
apbtatioh.  C^s 
1  pone  such  hate 
rhicli  it  displayed 


DIBBA8IS — ^DIBBCnONS. 


161 


The  odUiaiive  effects  of  the  water  in  calculous 
atfeotions  are  often  experienced  to  the  great  com- 
fort of  the  sufferer ;  hut  it  is  only,  I  believe,  in 
the  earlier  stages  of  such  affections  that  it  can  he 
regarded  as  better  than  a  palliative. 

Incipient  ooieuUmt  affection  is  relieved  by  the 
water  pretty  much  in  pi'opolrtion  as  it  corrects  the 
digestive  and  assimilative  Amotions,  improves  the 
blood,  and  brings  the  general  economy  into  a 
natural  type ;  preparing  the  kidneys  to  resist 
foreign  encroachments  upon-  their  functions,  and 
to  elaborate,  from  heUtlthy  blood,,  proper  and 
healthy  secretions. 

Although  I  do  not  claim  for  the  water  tdvent 
povrers,  it  may^  nevertheless,  exert  both  upon 
tcmA  and  vericdl  oaleuUf  some  directly  modiQ^ng 
influences,  by  correcting  the  LUhic  IHaAeaia,  and, 
by  an  increased  flow  of  urine,  hurrying  through 
the  kidneys  and  bladder,  the  KtheOes  and  jpAd9- 
jpAofof,  which  are  uiBually  the  nucleus  of  calouU. 
I  know,  indeed,  that  persons  while  using  the 
water  often  void  oonaideraiie  quaittitiea  of'smaHBL 
eolciiK,  with  very  liHle  pain  or  inconvenience, 

(JkronAb  I^koKimaiAon  of  the  Kidney,  as  well  as 
similar  affections  of  the  Bladder  and  tfrethrttf  are 
often  successfiiUy  treated  by  this  water.  I  deem 
it  a  duty  to  allude  to  a  very  common  error  in  the 
mimner  of  using  the  water  in  these  affections.  I 
Iitt««  reference  to  the  practice  of  driiiking  it  in 

M 


IMBBMIirMMMWiiltifiiillM'Mliiitiili 


>.^tlfc)!ii«i.'-i-.a'w 


ttmi)tta»fit  *(iiw  inSKmtrvMa 


\-li\  fjapii 


1158 


wmfB  8UUPBUB  sralKCMi. 


large  quantities,  with  the  view  of  estahliahing 
co|>toiu  dischargee  from  the  kidneys.  By  an  ith- 
pradence  of  this  kind,  the  cure  of  the  case  is  not 
only  prerented,  hut  lasting  injury  inflicted  in  a 
superadded  dehility  of  the  organs. 

In  these  oases,  the  water  should  he  so  used  as  to 
keep  up  a  gentle  diuretic  action  for  several  weeks, 
curefuUy  guarding  against  excwsaiVe  discharges  of 
this  kind. 

In  cases  of  cimmio  irritabiUiy  or  cMrucHona  of 
the  hidbMiftf  the  medicinal  ageney  of  the  water 
lies  in  its  citeraUve  and  deoNtrtfeft^  effeeto,  and  the 
patient  that  fails  to  ohtain  these,  Mis  to  ohtaiu 
pemuftnent  relief  from  its  use.  Hence,  by  those 
thus  aflGUoted,  it  should  be  so  taken  as  most  effect 
tnally  to  secure  these' <^jects. 

"A  mere  dmuMttg  of  the  kidneys,  or,  as  risitors 
sometimes ttKpress  k,  a  "thorough  washing  ont'- 
<^  these  organs,  by  constant  and  copious  diuresis, 
is  worse  than  nothing ;  never  permanently  useful 
■^Htften  pri^ndidal. 

X  have  rttnon  to  know  that  many  persons 
aifeeted  with  disease  of  the  kidney,  hastily  leave 
the  springs  in  des^  of  reli«f,  because  their 
ln^iodt^oas  manuffir  of  using  the  mtter  mak«i  it 
^Mst  toe  lire^y  1^  forelbly  <m  that  orgas^.  As  a 
genCMd  thing,  such  perscms  are  moore  in  fault  than 
the  wi«er ',  for  while  such  free  action  is  injnrioite 
irsn^  eases,  it  is  perfectly  in  the  power  of  a 
jKKiidons  use  of  it,  ox  hy_  the  initerposltioa  of  mild 


iiiiiiijjiii^rnS"liPiil}ti|iil 


DmBASBk—DIlUMXIOira. 


159 


f  establishing 

^8.    By  an  iA- 

;he  case  is  not 

inflicted  in  a 


«  so  used  as  to 
several  weeks, 
e  disobargoB  of 

ct)t>tructicna  of 
of  the  water 
Bffeeto,  and  the 
Mis  toobtaiti 
[enoe,  by  those 
,  as  most  effect 


,  or,  as  risitors 
washing  oat" 
pious  diuresis, 
lanently  useful 

many  persons 
',  hastily  Imto 

beeause  their 
rater  makM  it 

organ.  As  a 
rein&ultthaa 
on  is  injnriotte 
he.power  <rfa 
ositioa<»fittild 


adjuvants,  t}^i  have  been  frequently  alluded  to 
in  this  volume,  to  prevent  this  hurtful,  state  of 
things ;  to  give  such  patients  the  full  benefit  of 
its  valuable  alterative  and  deobstruent  powers, 
and  this,  without  any  over-excitation,  or  exhaus- 
tion of  the  kidneys.  The  great  importance  of 
this  fact  to  many  sufferers,  and  the  strange 
disregard  that  is  paid  to  it  by  many,  justify  me  in 
distinctly  calling  attention  to  it  under  this  head, 
la  cases  of  irritation  of  the  bladder  or  kidneys, 
and  «speoially  in  chronic  oaiarrh  of  the  bladd«»-, 
I  never  advise  the  waters  except  ia  connedaon 
with  appropriate  mucilages  and  occasional  aim- 
dynes  to  prevent  their  over  stimulating  effects 
upon  these  organs.  Unaided  by  these,  cures  are 
sometimes  ^ected,  but  by  no  means  with  the 
same  certainty-  and  in  so  short  a  period  of  time. 

DIABETES. 

The  nature  of  Diabetes  is  so  imperfectly  under- 
Btoodrthat  medical  men  do  not  agree  as  to  the 
par#«f  the  body  in  whidi  it  is  primarily  sitiwted. 
S^nesu^ose  that  the  kidaeys  are  the  origilMl 
seat  of  tho^sease;  ethets,  that  it  depends  oa 
%he  state  of  the  stomach;  while  it  has  be^ 
^pnted  by  others  to  a  diseased  state  of  ihe  blood. 
ItftezeitiBg  causes  aare  nmaefous— such  as  ov«*- 
exereise  of  the  miad  or  body,  use  of  spiritaoui 
liquors,  exoesiive  or  impt^r  iadulgenoes,  the 


MiliiiiliaDii^^ 


«W!!*l^ 


rili 


SE 


iiiiiii 


S£ 


?S?**Wf 


leQ 


VBm  BUUPUUK'  SFBnrOB. 


depntnng  paanoni,  etc.  It  ii  cmamonly  con- 
QMked  with  ft  depraved  and  shatterecToongtitntion, 
and  it  is  c^n  difficult,  whisn  pbynoianB  are 
consulted,  to  say  whether  it  he  the  cause,  or  the 
consequence,  of  the  constitutional  deprivation. 

It  is  often  attended  with  indigestion,  general 
Ability,  ocmstipaticm  of  the  bowels,  thirs^ 
dryness  of  the  skin,  and  irregular,  capricious, 
and  sometimes  voracious  appetite.  Its  pathog- 
nomic symptom  is  a  great  increase  in  the  flow  of 
urine,  which  is  generally  of  a  pale  straw  oolor, 
sometimes  insipid,  but  oftener  of  a  sweetish  taste, 
wad  faint  smell,  resembling  that  of  vi<dets,  and 
coptaining  a  considerable  quantity  of  sugar^ 

Oases  of  Diabetes  h^ve  not  been  very  numerous 
atthe"  White,"  but  they  leave  occaliionally  come 
under  my  observation.  One  of  great  interest  fell 
under  my  notice  some  years  since,  in  the  person 
of  Mr.  S.,  a  very  intelligent  gentleman  from  the 
Slate  of  Georgia.  He  was  greatly  emaciated, 
fi:(«i  the  ejects  of  the  disease,  but  titet  using  the 
Wftter  for  some  ten  days,  he  commenced  improving, 
and  xv^ned  his  flesh  at  the  rate  of  a  pound  §  day 
ht  a  number  of  days.  Another  ease  was  so  far 
rdievod  last  summer  as  to  give  me  confidence  in 
its  ultimate  cure. 

la  Dinbetes,  the  water  should  be  administered 
in  imaU  and  oft-repeated  doses.  The  diet  shoqld 
be  tii«  most  nourishing  kinds  of  animal  food,  an^ 
in  quantities  suited  to  the  strength  of   the 


I. 

ranmonly  oon* 
^constitntioD, 
ibynoians  are 
caiiM,  or  the 
deprivatioii. 

Mtion,  general 
lowelv,  tMrst^ 
ar,  caprioioiu, 
Its  paihog- 
in  the  flow  of 
•trair  color, 
iweetieh  taste, 
>f  violets,  and 
oi  sugar, 
rerj  aninerons 
Mionally  come 
at  interest  fell 
in  the  person 
man  from  the 
I7  emanated, 
ifter  using  the 
Bed  improTing, 
aponadf  day 
uw  vas  so  iu 
confidence  in 

I  administered 
le  diet  shoqH 
imal  food,  and 
mgth  of  the 


l>I8IASBS--^l>IRB0n0ira. 


Ill 


digestive  powers.  The  tincture  of  iron  is  nseftal 
in  connection  with  the  waters,  and  the  hot  sulphny 
hath  is  a  valoahle  adjunct  in  such  cases. 


FKMALB  DISEASES. 

For  the  various  forms  of  chronic  female  disease, 
such  as  AuBNOBBBOiA,  or  wppreaaed  menrirwOiKm; 
DinBQfBNORBa<BA,  or  '4^fiGdt  and  paii^fd  menatma- 
tuMf  OMorotia,  and  Leucorrhoea,  the  water  of  the 
White  Sulphur  has.heen  much  employed.  When 
the  cases  have  heen  properly  discriminated,  and 
were  free  from  the  combinations  and  states  of  thet 
system  that  contra^-indicate  the  use  of  the  remedy y 
it  has  often  exerted  marked  good  effect. 

While  these  waters  do  not  display  the  powers  of 
an  active  emmenagogif,  that  they  exert  an 
influence  upon  the  uterine  system,  independent  of 
their  general  stimulant  powers,  is  manifest  from 
their  tendency  (when  used  during  the  periods)  of 
increasihg  the  periodical  flow  of  females ; — from 
the  fact  that  they  increacie  menorrkagio  afl^tions, 
and j  from  the  unpleasant  effects  tWy  occasionally 
produce  in  the  early  stages  of  pregnancy. 

To  say  nothing  of  the  value  of  the  alterative 
influence  of  the  water,  as  specially  exerted  upon 
the  organs  which  ax>e  the  immediate  seat  of  the 
diseases  nnddr  consideration,  its  general  changing 
^ecfo  upon  the  entire  organism  of  the  syistem, 
resulting  in  unlocking  and  liberating  the  various 
14»       •  . 


»ti»>'t'»''iiJ!l#iilliiMi!lflli^  111  <i> " 


1«S 


warn  wouwn,  esvoQB. 


■6er«(l<»ui,  and,  oonsequently,  in  restoring  tht 
|^ands»  oapiUariet,  and  blood-yeiMls  to  a  natnral 
and  healthy  condition,  is  a  great  point  gained  in 
female  diseases, -Midtgenerallj  the  ooneomita^t, 
or  immediate  wreoorsor,  of  a  eomplete  cure. 

But  the  mere  names,  and  aetnal  existence  of 
iSiese  several  diseases,  are  not  sufficient  to  decide 
as  to  the  propriety  of  using  sidphnr  waters  in  such 
.eases.  We  must  carefully  note  the  peculiar  tem- 
perament of  the  Ifomale,  and  her  constitutional 
habitudes,  het  exemption  from  a  phtogosed  state 
of  the  sysMlm,  from  inflammation  in  thci  ftmale 
orgaiBS,  or  elsewhere,  and  especially  as  to  her 
freedom  from  tubercles  of  the  lungs,  or  sdrrhosity 
of  thet^rus. 

In  the  early  stipes  ;of  pregnancy,  the  sulphur 
waters,  if  used  at  all,  should  be  used  with  caution  ; 
attain  case  of  predisposition  to  abortion  in  early 
geMi^n,  it  is  safest  to  avoid  them  altogether. 

It  is  mcMt.  prudent  for  delicate  females  who  i^e 
luini;  the  wators,  and  who  are  j^redispoi^  to  toe 
abundant,  or  too  long-continued  menstruation,  to 
d^^pli^nue  them  for  a  few  days  during  such 
periodc. 

While  under  the  inflneiM)^  of  sulphur  waters 
finr  the  cure  of  these  diseases,,  ladies  will  often 
deilte  the  most  material  advantage  from  the  tiiM 
of  the  warm  and  hot  sulphur  baths. 

A  few  years  ago,  a  Ohafifbea^  Spring  -mtk 
disoovexed  and  brought  into  use,  withiii  a  few 


restoring  the 
8  to  a  natural 

nnt  gained  in 
oonwmita^t, 

»te  cue. 

1  existence  of 

ient  to  decide 
waters  in  sach 
peculiar  tern- 
constitutional 

hlogosed  state 
in  th«i  ftmale 

illy  as  to  her 

I,  or  sdrrhosity 

the  sulphur 
.  with  caution ; 
>rtion  in  early- 
altogether, 
males  who  are 
lispoied  to  toe 
enttmatiou,  to 
I  during  such 

ulphur  waters 

lies  will  often 

from  the  use 

la  Spring  wak 
n  a  few 


piHiAiwi— -pnaoiiioiw. 


16S 


hundred  yards  of  the  White  Sulphur  fountain. 
Since  that  time,  I  have  been  in  the  habit  of 
prescribing  small  quantities  of  this  chalybeate,  to 
be  used  in  connection  with  the  sulphur  water,  in 
certain  female  diseases,  and  have  had  occasion  to 
be  gratified  with  the  practice. 

4 

OHROmO  AFFBOnOItB  OF  THE  BBAIK. 

Some  interesting  cases  of  chronioi  inflammation 
and  congestion  of  portions  of  the  cerebral  mass 
have  been  met  with  at  the  White  Sulphur. 

tt  is  only  since  the  disootery  of  the  successM 
use  that  may  be  made  of  the  water,  after  being 
deprired  of  its  stimulating  gas,  that  it  has  been 
prescribed  advantageously  .in  affections  of  the 
brain.  I  hate  never,  indeed,  seen  a  case  of 
inflammation  of  this  organ,  in  which  the  fresit 
water  could  be  borne.  When  it  is  carefully 
deprived  of  its  gas,  however,  either  by  heating  or 
by  being  hept/or  a  m^fficient  length  <^  time  in  an  open 
veaedf  it  agrees  well  with  such  affections,  and  X 
have,  in  many  instances,  prescribeid  it  with  happy 
results. 

NERVOtrS  DIlEEBASes. 

The  great  inorMMe  of  nervous  diseases,  within 
the  last  decade,  must  have  attracted  the  attentitfa 
of  every  observant  individual. 

itettralgia,  iA  one  form  or  another,  ha»  beeome 


^-■i...-  ...i,.:^      ,    .  „--,..,-.^»./.it,iia,    ■■V-']Y|''1|Ti^|-|'||nT|V'V-oii|gnJ|||||i||||||-|^^^^^^^ 


mum 


m 


wBtn  iDWHirs  ffuyoB. 


the  prermliog  disease  of  the  whole  oomitry.  It 
hM  been  but »  few  years  since  it  was  only  known 
ai^iig  ns  iut  a  toothache  from  a  denuded  nerve, 
or  in  the  form  of  the  erratic  but  twinging  Tio 
demUureuoB.  Now  it  is  not  only  the  common,  bnt 
the  /oiMonaiHef  disease  of  the  conntry.  Once  it 
was  the  peculiar  privilege  of  the  wealthy  and  the 
luxurious  to  boast  of  their  neuralgia,  as  the 
jparvenu  does  of  his  gout ;  but  now,  the  poorest, 
most  unpretending  subject  can  have  his  full  share 
of  this  aristooratio  affection.  Formerly,  a  vulgar 
rheumatism  took  possession  of  the  extremities, 
while  a  still  more  vulgar  dyspepsia  claimed  the 
dominion  of  the  stomach.  But,  how  changed  I 
Ketiralgia  now  takes  the  limbs,  and  gastralgia  the 
prima  via.  Formerly,  a  fiuhionable  lady,  to 
induce  a  reluctant  husband  or  &ther  to  mdce  It 
pilgrimage  to  a  fashionable  watering  place,  was 
Iriven  to  a  vulgar  dyspepsia  to  effect  the  object ; 
pow,  a  "  {t^fe  ntfKralgfia,"  which  may  be  located 
just  at  her  pleasure,'  will  answer  every  purpose. 

But,  soberly,  we  are,  and  have  been  for  twenty 
years,,  living  under  the  reign  of  a  nervous 
Maihua,  which  literally  obliges  every  species  of 
disease,  acute  and  chronic,  to  wear  its  livery. 
<!rhe  revolution  that  it  has  effected  in  the  type  and 
Hhe  treatmtint  of  disease  is  wonderful.  To  a  large 
extend,  even  our  fevers  obey  its  beheiits,  and  henee 
inflcmmaUiry  and  hUiom  have  almost  given  way  m 
our  nomenclature  to  nervous  and  typhdid. 


le  ooantty.  It 
rasonly  known 
denuded  nerve, 
i  twinging  IHe 
le  common,  but 
antry.  Once  it 
irealthy  and  the 
aralgia,  as  the 
w,  the  poorest, 
re  hii  fall  share 
merly,  a  vulgar 
he  extremities, 
sia  claimed  the 

how  changed  I 
d  gastralgia  the 
nable  lady,  to 
bher  to  miake  ft 
ring  place,  was 
Sect  the  object ; 
may  be  located 
rery  purpose, 
been  for  twenty 

of  a  nervotu 
ivery  species  of 
rear  its  livery, 
in  the  type  and 
All.  To  a  large 
k&ka,  and  hence^ 
«t  given  way  lit 
typhdid. 


DxnAOB— oiBBcnciom. 


165 


In  every  acute  disease,  we  are  admonished  that 
there  is  a  prevailing  constitution  that  inhibits  the 
lancet  and  other  rapid  depletory  practice,  that  so 
distinguished  our  country  within  the  present 
generation. 

The  most  apathetic  are  now  obliged  f  o  yield  to 
the  reign  of  the  nerves,  and  look  around  for  a 
placebo  that  was  formerly  allotted  to  the  most 
effiminate  alone. 

The  various  nervous  affections,  such  as  neu- 
ralgia, hypochondria,  hysterics,  chorea,  etc.,  etc., 
are  not  unfrequently  met  with  at  the  Springs ; 
sometimes  as  primary  or  independent  diseases, 
%ut  more  frequently  in  connection  with  derange- 
ments of  the  digestive  organs.  The  direct 
influence  of  the  water  in  restoring  the  tone  and 
energy  of  the  general  system,  by  removing 
obstructions  and  correcting  the  functional  de- 
rangements of  the  organs,  obviously  p(Hnts  to  it 
as  a  remedy  in  the  latter  cUm  of  cases.  The 
invigorating  effects  of  the  salubrious  And  charming 
climate  in  which  the  Spring  is  situated,  and,  I 
might  add,  the  advantage  of  the  exercise  neces^ 
sMry  toreadi  it,  «r«  e£&cient  auxiliaries  in  such, 
.cases. 

In  nervous  diseases,  especially  under  exalted 
nervous  ekdtement,  the  water  should  almost 
ia#riably  be  used  in  small  quantities  at  flrst, 
and  in  U»  l&tri  stimulating  form;  that  is,  after  it 
has  been  deprived  of  its  gas  b/  ^ndjing  at  l^east 


iMWIiBltWiiitflirii'  i'l.  1.1  jf"  'I  iiiiii'twfc.wliigiiii  iin'i.iiwi: 


mm 


tit 


wHm  fluiviuK  iPBnrog. 


tweWe  hffun  in  an  open  TSMel.  In  mwny  cMea  it 
irindispenmble  tbat  it  ihonld  be  ra£fored  to  stand 
even  for  twenty-four  hours,  or  be  gently  heated, 
that  its  gas  may  be  entirely  thrown  o£f  before  it 
is  used. 

It  was  in  nervoua  oatet,  many  years  ago,  that  I 
was  led  to  appreciate  the  fkdvantage  of  admin- 
istering the  water  in  its  unstimulating  form ;  a 
practioe  that  has  e£Fected  a  triumph  orer  the 
former  method  of  using  it  fresh  from  the  spring, 
as  complete  as  it  has  been  beneficial  to  thousands 
of  nervous  individuals.  After  thus  using  it  a  few 
days,  the  patient  will  probably  bear  it  fresh  froii^ 
the  spring,  and  when  such  a  tolerance  is  estab- 
lished, there  is  no  olyeotion  to  its  being  thus  taken. 


PABALTSIB. 

In  most,  oases.  Palsy  is  the  sequel  of  an  attack 
of  apoplexy,  which  has  come  on  suddenly  and 
uttezpeotedly.  In  other  cases,  however,  it  is 
brought  on  slowly  and  from  causes  that  do  not 
directly  impliiute  the  brain,  affecting  certain 
muscles  only,  leaving  others  of  the  iuue  parts 
untouched. 

Paralysis  may  be  complete  or  incomplete  '^  ^at 
is,  the  muscles  affected  may  be  totally  or  par- 
tially powerless.  There  are  many  other  causes 
besides  apoplexy,  that  produce  paralysis ;  such  as 
tumors,  injuries  caused  by  violence,  cold,  the 


M. 


0]BiAaB-4>iucniaini. 


167 


[n  mwxy  cue*  it 
•n£fored  to  stand 
B  gently  heated, 
mn  off  before  it 

rears  ago,  that  I 
itage  of  admin- 
nlating  form ;  a 
iomph  oyer  the 
from  the  spring, 
Dial  to  thousands 
as  using  it  a  few 
ear  it  frosh  firoii^ 
Leraooe  is  estab- 
Ming  thus  taken. 


[nel  of  an  attack 
»n  snddenlj  and 

howeyer,  it  is 
ises  that  do  not 
affecting  certain 

the  iuae  parts 

ncomplete  ^  that 
B  totfilly  or  par- 
%nj  other  causes 
sralysts ;  such  as 
lenoo,  cold,  the 


action  of  poisons,  excessive  or  improper  indul' 
genoes,  derangement  of  the  digestire  functions,  eto. 

When  palsy  occurs  without  being  preceded  bf 
apoplexjr,  its  approaches  are  generally  gradual  Mid 
connected  with  some  appreciated  derangement  of 
the  health. 

A  gentleman  was  under  my  care  last  summer 
with  a  decided  paralysis  of  the  entire  right  side, 
resulting  from  derangement  of  the  ohylopoietio 
visoer*,  in  whom  the  disease  came  on  so  gradually, 
that  ho  was  unable  with  distinctness  to  designate 
the  time  of  its  first  appearance.  Another  in- 
dividual, an  elderly  gentleman,  was  under  my 
direotimi  the  same  season,  with  a  paralysis  that 
had  been  induced  by  injudioions  persererance  in 
cold  shower  bathiug.  Although  this  was  an 
unequirocal  case  of  hemipltgiat  barely  enabling 
the  patient  to  drag  his  leadm4tke  limbs  along, 
it  was  preceded  by  no  apopleotio  shock,  the 
gentleman  being  quite  conscious  of  the  occasion 
and  progresA  of  the  attack.  Thwe  are  other  casef 
in  which  the  loss  of  power  over  the  muscles  takM 
place  instantaneously,  although  not  preceded  by 
a  distinct  apoplexy. 

The  number  of  paralytics  that  resort  to  the 
White  Sulphur  is  large,  and  their  success  from 
the  use  of  the  waters  has  been  various.  .  Caam 
resulting  from  dyspeptic  depravities  are  ofteq^ 
cured  than  tboEo  from  any  other  caxwe ;  but  iii 
almost  every  case  some  amendment  of  the  generi^i 


mt 


jg|jp'||j||ii|i|ilfitiiii<riiiiiilii«ili 


lii|r<ltfwwlil»ii>M' 


^wl 


iim  ftnupBim  avaiwi. 


hMlth  takM  pkoe,  notwithttandiog  th«  paralysis 
maj  not  be  remoTed.  Warm  or  hot  salphar  baths 
are  useful  in  connection  with  the  water,  in  most 


OBROinO  DISEASES  OF  THE  OHEST-OB  BREAST 
COMn^AINTS. 

The  public  generally,  and  no  portion  more  than 
valetudinarians  themselres,  are  prone  to  be  ex- 
ceedingly loose,  nndeftned  and  inaccurate  in 
drawing  distinotioaa  between  the  different  and 
dissimilar  diseases  that  occasionally  affect  the 
nme  organs  of  the  body.  This  is  especially  the 
case  when  suoh  dii^sases  have  one  common  generic 
name ;  as,  for  instance,  t^e  name  of ."  Breast 
Oon^plaiiUf"  which,  by  a  comprehensiye  and 
sweeping  application,  is  made  to  embrace,  not 
only  l\ibermdar  OoMumptiont  a  disease  of  scrofu- 
lous origin,  and  generally,  if  not  uniformly, 
incurable,  but  also  a  large  number  of  other 
affections  of  the  "breast,"  whose  nature  and 
termination  are  altogether  dissimilar,  and  none 
of  which,  from  their  peculiar  pathology,  ought 
to  be  regarded  as  necessarily  incnrsble. 

The  same  want  of  discrimination  that  confounds 
diseases  affecting  the  same  organ  and  of  the  same 
generic  name,  is  prone,  as  might  be  expected,  ito 
confound  the  practice  appropriate  for  their  cure. 
l%is  is  constantly  foimd  to  be  the  case  in  reference 


M. 


Dg  th«  paralysis 
ot  salphar  baths 
B  water,  in  most 


IST-OB  BREAST 


»rtion  more  than 
prone  to  be  ex- 

inaconrato  in 
e  diflPerent  and 
lally  affeot  the 
is  espedally  the 
oommon  generic 
me  o(  .**Brtaat 
preliensiTe  and 
k>  embrace,  not 
iiseaie  of  aorofn- 
not  uniformly, 
imber  of  other 
oee  nature  and 
nilar,  and  none 
atbology,  ought 
rable. 

a  that  confounds 
and  of  the  same 

be  expected,  ito 
e  for  their  cure, 
case  in  referenoe 


Donuni— BnuKnovB. 


169 


m» 


to  the  use  of  the  White  Sulphur  water  in  brea§t 
complainU. 

FuLMONAaT  GoNsUMPnoN  (PhthUit  Pvimonalut) 
has,  to  an  alarming  extent,  become  a  disease  of 
our  country,  and  especially  in  the  more  Northern 
and  Northwestern  portions  of  it;  yet  notwith- 
standing its  frequency,  it  is  unquestionably  true, 
that  many  diseases^  accompanied  by  waiting  of 
the  body,  hectic  fever,  cough  and  mucous  expec- 
toration, are  often  classed  with  it,  both  by  flniends 
and  medical  attendants,  where  no  scrofulous  taint 
lurked  in  the  constitution. 

It  is  often  embarrassing,  even  to  the  most 
experienced  physician,  to  decide  with  clearness 
whether  the  lungs  are  the  primary  seat  of  disease, 
or  whether  they  are  merely  the  seat  of  a  sympar 
thetic  irritation  originating  in  some  other  organ. 
Nor  can  the  practitioner  always,  with  more  thl|n 
problematical  conjectnre,'decide  as  to  the  existence 
or  condition  of  tuberculous  formationid.  But 
whatever  may  be  the  medical  of^nion  as  to  the 
precise  pathology  of  the  disease,  if  the  heotio.  flush 
be  upon  the  cheekp,  the  vermilion  upon  the  lips, 
the  burning  heat  in  the  palms  of  the  hands  and 
soles  of  the  feet,  with  evening  fever  or  cold 
colliquative  sweats,  connected  with  hollow,  pale, 
languid  countenance,  sharpened  features,  purulent 
expectoration  and  progressive  emaciation,  consti- 
tuting  the  ever-present   symptoms   of  PhMna 

15 


'-i 


ibmm 


HPHlHin 


,  N 111^  l_jj J^ 


f.-^'y.*ri^->ii''.i''';>'^*W*-''^'  = 


170 


WHITB   SDXiPHUB  SPBHHOS. 


PvZmona7»,  the  use  of  the  water  ought  to  be 
withheld. 

The  symptoms  just  enumerated  Are  those  that 
distinguish  tubercular  consumption  in  its  ultimate 
or  matured  stage,  and  in  which  the  use  of  the 
water  would  prove  injurious ;  but  in  no  stage  of 
formed,  or  forming  tubercles  of  the  lungs,  should 
it  be  relied  upon  as  a  remedy. 

But  it  by  no  means  follows,  either  from  sound 
reasoning  in  the  premises,  or  from  observation 
and  experiettce,  that  the  want  of  adaptation:  in  the 
waters  to  tvhercidar  oonaumpHon  proves  their  want 
of  adaptation  to  other  forms  of  breast  complaints. 
On  the  contrary,  we  know  that  the  very  best 
effects  have  often  b^en  derived  from  their  use  in 
various  cases  that  seriously  implicated  the  lungs. 

Oaution,  however,  should  be  exercised  in  sub- 
mitting breast  ejections  to  the  use  of  the  White 
Sulphur  water ;  and  where  doubts  exist  as  to  the 
nature  of  the  case,  a  careful  exploration  of  the 
chest  should  be  made,  and  the  best  professional 
opinion  elicited  as  to  its  true  pathology.  If 
tut>ercles  in  a  mature  or  immature  state  are  found 
in  the  lungs,  prudence  dictates  the  avoidance  of 
the  water ;  but  if  there  be  no  tubercles,  and  no 
febrile  excitement,  it  may  be  employed  without 
fear,  although  there  may  be  coug..;mjucous  expect 
toration  and  other  symptoms  evidencing  a  morbid 
determination  to  the  lungs. 

I  might,  give  numerous  cases  illustrating  the 


9. 

r   ought  to  be 

Are  those  that 
in  its  ultimate 
the  use  of  the 
in  no  stage  of 
lungs,  should 

ler  from  sound 
m  observation 
iptatipn  in  the 
ves  their  want 
st  complaints, 
the  very  best 
n  their  use  in 
ited  the  lungs, 
ircised  in  sub- 
of  the  White 
exist  as  to  the 
oration  of  the 
st  professional 
athology.  If 
itate  are  found 
e  aroidanoe  of 
eroles,  and  no 
jloyed  without 
mjacouB  expec- 
icing  a  morbid 

ioftrating  the 


DI8BASSS— DnmmoNS. 


171 


safety  and  success  of  the  water  in  several  forms  of 
"breast  complaints,"  unconnected  with  a  scrofu- 
lous diathesis  or  tubercles,  but  I  will  give  one 
only,  and  that  because  it  is  of  very  recent  oocur,- 
rence,  and  happened  in  the  person  of  an  intelli- 
gent young  physician  of  my  acquaintance. 

Dr.  H.,  of  C,  had  been  sufiPering  for  more  than 
two  years  with  an  affection  of  the  lungs,  iduring 
which  time  he  has  had  several  hemorrhages,  with 
two  distinct  attacks  of  apoplexy  of  the  lungs; 
requiring,  in  each  instance,  active  treatment  for 
his  relief.  One  of  these  apoplectic  attacks,  at- 
tended with  hemorihage,  had  occurred  two  weeks 
before  I  saw  him.  On  his  arrival  at  the  springs, 
his  pulse  was  one  hundred  and  fifteen  beats  a 
minute,  sense  of  fullness  about  the  chest,  with 
restlessness  and  general  nervous  excitability.  I 
discouraged  him  from  the  use  of  the  waters,  under 
the  apprehension  of  an  increased  excitement  from 
their  use,  both  in  the  vascular  and  nervous 
system,  and  advised  him  to  visit  thei  Bed  Sulphur, 
as  offering  a  safer  remedy.  He  disliked  ic  make 
the  journey,  and  determined  to  remain  a  few  days 
at  the  White  without  using  the  water,  and  then 
returu^home.  Under  this  state  of  things,  and  as 
he  was  a  physician  and  could  watch  his  own  case 
intelligently,  I  advised  him  to  make  a  careful 
trial  of  the  water  in  its  ungaseoua  form ;  enjoining 
it  upon  him  to  discontinue  its  ui^a  if  he  found  it 
to  increase  his  pDlse,  at)d  to  persevere  if  the  force 


waii'x"' 


mmu«t  rmXj  j|i;;w(MtllliiiiWl»"llfllii»>i«>WIWIIilBWWI 


m 


WBJSa  SDUnSVB  SPBUfOS. 


or  frequencj  of  the  pulse  was  reduced.  The 
experiment  was  most  fortunate;  his  pulse  was 
reduced  'day  hj  day,  until  it  came  down  to  its 
natural  standard ;  the  sense  of  fullness  in  the 
chest  disappeared,  the  nervoiis  excitement  waflr 
assuagedi  and,  in  every  respect,  the  Amendment 
waa  clear  and  unequivocal ;  not  evanescent,  hut 
progressive  and  permanent. 

It  is  proper  to  state  that  Dr.  H.  made  several 
attempts  to  take  the  water  fresh  from  the  spring, 
hut  alwaya  found  it  too  stimulating,  and  was 
forced  to  return  to  the  ungfirseous  water. 

It  would  he  impossihle,  without  going  into  a 
very  tedious  dissertation  on  the  nature  and  causes 
of  the  various  diseases  of  the  chest,  (which  would 
he  foreign  to  the  ohjects  of  this  work,)  to  set 
forth,  with  such  clearness  as  would  he  useM  to 
the  invalid,  the  various  forms  and  modifications 
6f  Sreosi  Oomjpiainta,  foe  the  cure  of  which  the 
White  Sulphur  water  may  he  safely  a<kd  profitahly 
employed.  I  shall  allude  here  to  hut  one  of  these 
forms,  and  to  that,  mainly  hecanse  it  is  of  very 
ebmmon  occurrence  and  not  unfrequently  mistaken 
for  genuine  consumption, 

I  shall  call  this  form  of  disease  Synvpathedlc 
.ConamnptwKt  hecanse  «his  name  more  clearly  con- 
veys a  correct  idea  of  its  character  than  any  other 
I  can  give  it.  • 

Sympathetic  OoruumpHon,  although  not  peculiar 
to  laatoh^  occurs  most  frequently  in  persons  of  some 


s. 

reduced.  The 
his  pulse  was 
le  down  to  its  * 
ttUness  in  the 
xcitement  was 
he  amendment 
vanescent,  hut 

[.  made  several 
em  the  spring, 
ting,  and  was 
rater. 

t  going  into  a 
bure  and  causes 
;,  (which  woUld 
work,)  to  set 
Id  he  usefiil  to 
1  modifications 
e  of  which  the 
r  ai^d  profitably 
butone  of  these 
le  it  is  of  very 
lently  mistaken 

xse  Synthetic 
ore  elearly  con- 
than  any  other 

■  *  ■ 

gh  not  peculiar 
perioniofsome 


D£3BA8ES^IUftflCIION6. 


It3 


constitutional  disposition  to  phthisical  complaints. 
It  is  the  result  of  morbid  sympathies  extended 
from  some  other  parts  of  the  body,  and  m*re  com- 
monly from  a  diseased  stomach  or  liver.  The 
great  par  vagum  nerve,  common  to  both  the 
stomach  and  lungs,  affords  a  ready  medium  of 
sympathy  between  those  two  important  organs. 
In  protracted  cases  of  dyspepsia,  the  stomach 
often  throws  out  morbid  influences  to  the  wind- 
pipe and  surface  of  the  lung^,  occasioning  cough, 
mucous  expectoration,  pain  in  the  breast,  and 
many  other  usual  symptoms  of  genuine  consump- 
tion. So  completely,  indeed,  does  this  traneMed 
affection  wear  the  livery  of  the  genuine  disease, 
that,  as  before  remarked,  it  is  often  mistaken  for 
it.  This  form  of  disease  comes  often  under  my 
notice  at  the  springs,  and  I  frequently  witness  the 
happiest  result  from  the  employment  of  the  water 
in  such  cases ;  and  the  more  so,  because  its  bene* 
ficial  effects  resolve  a  painful  doubt  that  often 
exists  in  the  mind  of  the  patient,  as  to  the  true 
character  of  his  disease. 

BRONCHITIB. 

Bronchitis  is  often  met  with  at  all  our  watering 
places ;  sometimes  as  a  primary  affection  of  the 
bronchia,  and  often  in  connection  with  other  dis- 
eases. 

Of  ktoy  this  has  become  an  exceedingly  opiQ- 

16» 


■r 


;; 


.'3 


litiiiMiiiiitiy liiiiwi" '" '  '-w..'  .ir<ii[>rti»)iiffliiiii, 


IW 


whhb  sawwoa,  bsvisim. 


mon  disease  vrlth  the  clergy  of  our  country ;  so 
mjich  so,  as  eminently  to  demand  an  investigation 
info  the  peculiar  causes  that  render  this  invalu- 
able class  of  men  so  subject  to  its  influence.  Such 
an  investigation  would  not  only  be  highly  inter- 
esting as  a  curious  subject  of  pathological  inquiry, 
but  also  might  be  valuable  by  enabling  the  clergy 
to  avoid  the  exciting  and  predisposing  causes  of 
the  malady.  It  is  not  my  purpose  to  enter  into 
this  investigation;  it. would  be  foreign  to  the 
objects  of  this  work ;  but  merely  to  observe,  for 
the  benefit  of  ilioso  thus  aSlicted,  that  the  mineral 
waters  of  this  region  afford  encouraging  prospects 
of  relief.  We  occasionally  meet  with  cases  that 
arc  relieved  at  this  place ;  and  similar  results 
occur  at  all  our  watering  places. 

We  often  see  Bronchitia,  at  the  White,  give  way 
and  disappear,  in  the  same  ratio  in  which  the 
water  exerts  its  alterative  power  over  the  diges- 
tive and  assimilative  organs.  Dr.  E.,  of  Lower 
Virginia,  was  relieved  of  an  obstinate  attack  in 
this  way ;  an  officer  of  our  navy  experienced  the 
same  good  fortune. 


GHROinO  DISEASES  OF  THE  SKIN. 

The  sympathy  existing  between  the  surface  of 
the  body  and  the  large  internal  organs,  "-^rticuT 
larly  the  stomach  and  liver,  has  long  be.  .  known 
and  appreciated  by  medical  men.    The  celebrated 


laStMUlMMUHi 


Jm~?T^«i^^m- 


:,<  g?8y^.-s.w/v*j--'^^aw 


■^-"^JTts 


DisBAsss— DntBcnors 


175 


ir  country ;  so 
a  iDvestigation 
er  this  invalu- 
ifluence.  Such 
a  highly  inter- 
ogical  inquiry, 
ling  the  clergy 
)8ing  causes  of 
}e  to  enter  into 
foreign  to  the 
to  observe,  for 
lat  the  mineral 
iging  prospects 
rith  cases  that 
similar  results 

y^hite,  give  way 
in  which  the 
over  the  diges- 
11.,  of  Lower 
inate  attack  in 
ixperienced  the 


BSKIN. 

the  surface  of 
Tgans,  jT^rticUT 
ng  be.  .  icnowa 
The  celebrated 


practice  of  Abernethy,  of  directing  his  remedies 
to  the  stomach  and  bowels  for  the  cure  of  cuta- 
neous diseases,  was  based  upon  a  knowledge  of 
this  sympathy.  Dr.  James  Johnson,  of  London, 
in  treating  of  the  morbid  sympathies  of  the 
organs,  remarks,  that  in  Cutaneous  and  Eruptive 
complaints,  "an  extensive  class  of  diseases,  whose 
treatment  has  hitherto  been  very  puzzling,  the 
stomach,  in  company  with  the  liver  and  intestines, 
sympathizes  to  ah  extent  that  is  little  imagined  ;" 
and  adds,  "that  from  the  midst  of  the  most 
inveterate  of  these^  there  is  scarcely  one  that  is 
not  more  or  less  connected  with  derangements  of 
the  above-mentioned  organs,  but  particularly  the 
liver,  and  consequently  under  the  control  or  in- 
fluence of  remedies  directed  to  tnem." 

I  have  very  generally  observed  in  the  admin- 
istration of  sulphur  waters  for  cutaneous  diseases, 
that  just  in  proportion  as  the  great  abdominal 
organs  became  altera  ted,  the  disease  of  the  skin 
was  relieved  ;  nor  do  I  anticipate  any  very  decided 
amendment  in  such  cases,  especially  if  they  be  of 
long  standing,  until  the  vater  has  exerted  its 
sanatory  effects  upon  those  organs. 

The  V  arm  sulphur  bath  is  a  valuable  assistant  to 
the  iutu  nal  use  of  the  waters  in  cutaneous  diseases, 
and  should  be  daily  employed  after  the  water  has 
begun  to  show  its  alterative  effects  upon  the  liver 
and  bowolti. 

It  is  often  exceedingly  gratifying  to  residnits  at 


1 


.1 


s 


■  -MK        '  I    itWHIBMiM 


WHRl  BVLPHUB  SPBIXaB. 

springs  to  witness  the  progressive 
pearance  of  cutaneous  eruptions,  and  ultimate 
recovery  in  the  course  of  the  season,  of  persons 
who  come  there  with  unseemly  affections  of  this 
kind.  ! 

In  m-conditioned  tdcera  of  the  extremities, 
which  are  most  generally  found  connected  with 
some  general  depraTHy  of  the  constitution,  the 
water,  in  a  goneral  way,  displays  very  fine  effects. 
In  such  (Mwes,  I  prefer  the  water  to  he  so  used  as 
to  make  decided  impressions  upon  the  bowda  and 
akin  for  a  few  days,  to  he  continued  afterwards  in 
smaller  and  less  operatire  quantities. 

Xn  admmistering  the  waters  for  diseases  of  the 
skin,  owing  prohahily  to  the  fact  that  latent 
internal  causes  have-not  heen  fully  remoTcd,  we 
ate  sometimes  ohliged  to  discontinue  their  use 
entirfly  for  a  few  days,  on  account  of  the  aggra- 
▼att<Mi  of  the  eruption,  and  to  put  the  patient  on 
a  more  ac^ve  anti-phlogistic  treatment,  with 
cooling  laxatives* and  external  emolient  appli- 
cations, until  the  system  is  hrought  to  that  point 
2kt  which  the  use  of  the  waters  may  safely  he 
resumed. 

The  good  effects  of  thd  waters  in  eruptive 
diseases  Are  not  always  manifested  until  their  use 
has  lain  discontinued  for  some  time.  Indeed  it  is 
m%  uncommion  to  see  such  diseases  apparently 
resist  a  course  of  the  waters  while  they  are  being 
used,  and  yet  yield  completely  to  their  »fiuences 
after  they  have  heen  discontinued. 


^ressive 

and  ultimate 
son,  of  persons 
feoiionB  of  this 

e  extremities, 
connected  with 
mstitution,  the 
ery  fine  effects, 
to  be  so  used  as 

the  howda  and 
I  afterwards  in 
es. 

diseases  of  the 
»ot  that  latent 
lly  removed,  we 
binue  their  use 
it  of  the  aggra- 

the  patient  on 
reatment,  with 
emolient  appli- 
bt  to  that  point 

may  safely  be 

jrs  in  eruptive 
I  until  their  use 
e.  Indeed  it  is 
ises  apparently 
they  are  being 
their  »fiuences 


OIBBAgW— DIBEOnOKS. 


PSORIASIS    AND   LEPRA. 


m 


The  waters  of  the  White  Sulphur  have  been 
extensively  used,  and  generally  with  beneficial 
results,  both  in  Paoriouna  and  Lepra. 

Nothing  short,  however,  of  a  full  course  of  the 
water,  resulting  in  creating,  and  for  a  considerable 
time  in  sustaining,  its  alterative  action  upon  the 
system,  can  be  relied  upon  as  fully  remedial  in 
such  eases.  Valuable  as  I  esteemed  the  water  in 
these  oases,  I  have  not  been  in  the  habit  for 
several  years  of  relying  exclusively  upon  it  in  the 
more  forniidable  cases  of  either  of  these  diseases. 
The  various  mineral  and  vegetable  alteratives, 
especially  iodine,  or  hydriodate  of  potash  in  AiU 
doses,  will  be  found  valuable  adjuncts ;  and  in 
the  declining  stages  of  such  csmb,  that  is,  after 
the  Mruptions  are  giving  way,  benefit  is  often 
derived  from  the  use  of  Fowler's  solution  in  smid} 
dosoi,  whidi)  however,  must  be  promptly  dis* 
continued,  if  it  occasion  gastric  uneasiikess, 
swelling  of  the  fiioe,  or  mnseular  wealcneas. 

P80ri4X8is  and  Lepra  are  diseases  so  alike  in  their 
origin  and  nature,  as  always  to  require  essentially 
the  same  treatment ;  they  are  sometimes,  in  their 
early  stages,  easily  cured,  but  often  very  obstinate, 
and,  when  reliei^ed,  are  apt  to  return.  "H^ice  a 
mere  amendment,  under  any  treatment,  shoulA 
not  be  relied  upon,  but  the  course  of  Reatment, 
to  be  eH^ctttal,  must  be  long-coDtinntd  and 
thorough. 


'1 


*■ 


;f 


j 


ss^ 


cr^^^^SgTes  ',t,-3F^rt'  - 


wm. 


in 


WBIIB  BDIiraUK  SPUHOS. 


In  these  diseases  the  warm  sulphur  hath, 
timeously  used,  is  very  valuahle.  It  should  he 
employed  daily,  hut  not  until  the  general  system 
shidl  have  heen  hrought  somewhat  under  the 
alterative  influence  of  the  water;  used  at  an 
earlier  period,  it  is  always  useless,  and  sometimes 
hurtful,  hy  increasing  local  irritation  or  occa- 
sioning general  fever. 

In  the  summer  of  1856  a  young  gentleman 
came  under  my  advice,  who  had  heen  for  several 
yMrs  a  sufferer  from  Ltpra.  He  was  the  son  of 
wealthy  parents  residing  in  one  of  our  large 
cities,  and  had  heen  under  th(d  hest  medical  advice 
of  the  country,  hut  without  essentially  henefiting 
hit  condition.  Both  of  his  legs,  from  the  ankles 
to  the  hips,  wore  entirely  covered  with  rough 
scales  overlying  inflamed  and  itchy  sw^aoes, 
occasioning  constant  irritation  and  uneanness, 
particularly  at  night.  Under  the  free  use  of  the 
water  and  hath,  aided  hy  the  occasional  adminis- 
tration of  mild  alteratives,  the  young  gentleman 
had  so  entirely  recovered  in  the  course  of  eigSt 
^weel^s,  as  to  induce  me  to  advise  him  to  leave  the 
waters  and  return  home.  I  saw  him  the  next 
yearand  was 'gratified  to  find  that  bis  cure  was 
entire  and  perfect. 

Numerouo  cases,  in  no  itapoiftant  respects, 
dissimilar  in  their  character  or  termination,  fure 
of  frequent  occurrence  at  the  springs. 


OS. 

Bulphnr  bath, 
3.  It  should  bo 
I  general  system 
what  under  the 
»r ;  used  at  an 
I,  and  sometimes 
■itation  or  occa- 

>ung  gentleman 
been  for  several 
I  was  the  son  of 
e  of  our  large 
it  medical  advice 
itially  benefiting 

from  the  ankles 
red  with   rough 

itchy  sui^ues, 
and  uneanness, 
e  free  use  of  the 
isional  adminis- 
oung  gentleman 
I  course  of  eig^t 
him  to  leave  the 
w  him  the  next 
lat  bis  cure  was 

oiftant  respects, 
termination,  fure 
ings. 


DnBABBS— DIRB0TION8. 


BHEUMATISM    AND    OOUT. 


m 


Next  to  diseases  of  the  abdominal  viscera, 
rheumatism  is  most  frequently  met  with  at  our 
watering  places.  The  ancient  reputation  of  the. 
White  Sulphur,,  and  that  which  at  an  early  day 
directed  public  attention  to  its  potency,  was 
derived  from  its  successM  use  in  rheumatism. 
Tradition  says,  that  the  efficacy  of  this  spring  in 
this  disease  was  known  to  the  Indians  while  they 
dwelt  in  the  country ;  and  it  is  a  matter  of  history, 
that  the  first  important  cure  it  is  known  to  have 
efiected  among  the  Whites,  was  in  a  disease  of 
this  kind.  The  reputation,  thus  early  acquired, 
has  not  been  lost,  but  on  the  contrary,  ha<»  become 
established  by  the  experience  of  more  than  half  a 
centuxy. 

,It  must  be  borne  in  mind,  however,  that  it  is  ^ 
not  adapted' to  every  case  of  rheumatism.  -It  is 
only  In  the  chronic  form  of  this  disease,  when 
active  inflammatory  action  is  not  present,  that  it 
can  be  looked  to  for  success. 

We  otton  see  at  our  watering  places,  and  particu- 
larly in  persons  from  warm  miasmatic  regions,  a^ 
■form  pf  rheumatism  intimately  connected  with, 
and  dependent  upon,  derangement  of  the  internal 
organs.  For  the  cure  of  such  cases,  the  water  is 
peculiarly  adapted.  The  same  discriminative  and 
especial  praise  may  be  bestowed  upon  it  in  Mercu' 
rial    rheumatism,   which  we    occasionally  find 


180 


wum  BuitrauR  btoikchs. 


or«'anootedwith  chronic  inflftmmation  and  enlarge- 
luent  of  the  bones.  In  most  -  cases  it  will  be 
advisable  to  connect  the  use  of  warm  or  hot  bathing 
with  the  drinking  of  the  water,  and  in  many, 
especial  advantage  will  be  derived  from  the  local 
application  of  this  adjuvant  in  the  form  of  a  douc^. 
The  united  effects  of  these  agents,  operating 
for  a  sufficient  length  of  time,  rarely  fail  to  relax 
the  rigidity  of  the  muscles,  to  give  strength, 
ease,  and  elasticity  to  {he  diseased  Joints,  and  to 
impart  vigor  and  tone  to  the  whole  system. 

'Gout  is  not  unfrequently  seen  at  this,  and  at 
all  our  watering  places.  The  general  operative 
inflneuoes  of  sulphur  waters,  and  the  tone  and 
energy  which  they  impart  to  the  digestive 
and  assimilative  Ainctions,  are  often  serViMable 
in  this  painful  affection ;  and  especially,  wtts^t 
with  the  use  of  the  water,  the  patient  pursuS^ 
that  prudent  course  of  regimen  which  in  th^di  not 
less  than  in  other  diseases  originating  in  the 
stomach,  is  absolutely  necessary  to  a  cure. 

As  a  palliative,  the  water  is  very  generally  ser- 
viceable. 

DROPSIES. 

The  alterative  influence  of  sulphur  waters  is 
often  very  conspicuously  displayed  upon  the 
oiaofdeiU  ai  well  as  upon  the  seci'eto^  system, 
aad  hence>  under  its  use,  dropsical  effusions  wre 


nQHS* 


DISEASES — ^DIHBOnONS. 


isr 


don  and  enlarge- 
cases  it  will  be 
rm  or  Ao<  bathing 
>,  and  in  many, 
id  from  the  local 
form  of  a  douc^. 
;ent8,  operating 
brely  &il  to  relax 
)  give  strength, 
ed  Joints,  and  to 
le  system. 

1  at  this,  and  at 
general  operative 
id  the  tone  and 
0  the  digestive 
often  serVlMable 
ispecially,  ^^fc% 
patient  porsaor 
'hioh  in  thill  not 
iginating  in  the 
o  a  care, 
ry  generally  ser- 


ilphtir  waters  is 
ayed  upon  the 
eci^eto^  system, 
6al  effasioos  wre 


often  removed,  while  the  general  health  and  tone 
of  the  system  ia  so  improved  as  to  prevent  their 
re-accumulation. 

In  cases  originating  in,  or  dependent  upon, 
obstructions  of  the  glands,  the  sulphur  waters 
may  be  used  with  great  confidence. 

There  are  no  invalids,  who  drink  the  White 
Sulphur,  that  are  more  signally  benefited  by  th< 
use  of  active  medicines  in  connection  with  it,  that 
dropsical  subior-ts.  Indeed,  in  all  such  cases^ 
appropriate  cines  so  increase  the  certaintjr 

and  celerity  oi  the  action  of  the  water  upon  the 
system,  that  their  employment  should  never  be 
overlooked  or  neglected  by  such  patients. 


•  .    - 

Jki^hui 
■^n  as  a 


SCROFULA. 


f  — ^aur  waters  have  long  been  held  in  repnta- 
%n  as  a  remedy  for  Somfvla.  Dr.  Armstrong, 
an :  ^inent  practitioner,  and  Icmg  a  resident 
♦  physician  at  an  English  sulphur  spring,  states  that 
he  found  the  internal  and  external  use  of  sulphur 
waters  ^  more  efficacious  in  sorofhla  than4he 
common  meanures,  for,  after  all  the  ordinary 
treatment  had  &iled,  he  had  seen  scrofulous 
affections  cured  by  drinking  such  waters,  and 
using  them  as  a  tepid  bath.  Dr.  Salsbury,  who. 
is  familiar  with  the  sulphur  waters  of  Avon,  Netr 
Tojk,  speaks  favorably  of  their  employment  iu 
such  cases.  My  experience  with  the  White  Sui- 
te 


* 


aagasaiw^iH 


— "*-*^'-Vl^iiiaiii 


^ .^r . a;.ii.>w^^i ..^ .^^i?J.^;.jiK^ k.^.-L-,     ■'•,  ^| ,|fa, ,,  j'jj'^TBllii" 


f^''^"^  "■'Wiiiiinii  nil  I  " 


-TmTTTif^^^pTWi 


{Is 


wBm  sotrauK  gpuoros. 


'\ 


phor,  in  thii  discaie,  has  given  me  gome  confidence 
in  its  employment,  and  especially  in  early  stages  of 
the  affection.  That  it  possesses  considerable-pow- 
ivB  in  resolving  scrofnlons  ttimors,  T  -ira  satisfied. 
In  the  advanced  stages  of  the  diseaa.;,  p's  .««a  ;  ^s 
not  been  uniform  from  its  employmetU  ,  tho%'.  , 
even  in  such,  it  is  occasionally  servioertbio,  a^d 
in  no  instances  injurious,  except  in  cases  atteuded 
with  ulcerations  of  the  bowels. 

The  constitutional  invigoration,  and  the  amend- 
ment of  the  general  health,  from  the  use  of  the 
water,  is  often  advantageoueiy  felt  by  scrofulous 
subjects  who  may  not  experienoi  ontire  relief  of 
their  strumous  malady. 

In  scrofulous  ^nd  'ickety  childion.,  affected 
with  enlargement  of  the  lymphatic  glands,  or 
^ith  a  hard  and  tumid  abdomen,  evid^ng 
disease  in  the  mesenteric  glands,  the  use  of  thc^ 
water  is  found  very  beneficial,  imparting  neyr'" 
life  and  vigor  to  the  young  constitntion,  resolving 
the  induration  and  enlargement  of  the  glands, 
and  lessening  the  tumefaction  and  hardness  of 
the  abdomen.  An  ointment  made  of  iodine,  or 
hydriodate  of  potash,  of  such  strength  as  not  "to 
excoriate  the  skin,  may  advantageously  be  rubbed 
over  the  enlarged  glands  or  bowels  during  the 
use  of  the  water.;  and  the  chalybeatta  water,  or.  In 
its  absence,  some  of  the  artificial  preparations  'of 
iron,  may  occasionally  be  interposed  with  advM- 
tage. 


r 


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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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S;  li°    12.0 


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Microfiche 

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Collection  de 
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Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  inttitut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  hittoriquet 


t^"'~7f '  ,^3SS5r« 


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^«l«#' 


DXBBASE&^DnUBCrriONB. 


188 


In  the  united  use  of  sulphur  and  alum  waters 
in  these  affections,  there  is  a  perfect  jMpatibility, 
and  the  employment  of  the  former,  fo|Plew  weeks, 
often  constitutes  the  best  preparation  for  the  use 
of  the  latter. 

KERCUBIAL  DISEASES  AND  SECONDARY 
STIUPTOMS  OP  LUES. 

In  that  enfeebled,  susceptible,  and  very  peculiar 
condition  of  the  system,  often  f^und  to  exist  as  the 
result  of  a  long-continued  or  injudicious  use  of 
meronry,  the  White  Sulphur  water  displays  its 
happiest  effects.  Indeed,  its  powers  in  overcom- 
ing and  eradicating  the  constitutional  and  local 
effects  of  this  drug  from  the  system,  deserve  to 
be  IfiVled  extraordinary,  and  cannot  be  too  highly 
.appreciated   by  the   medical   profession  or    the 

public. 

But  it  is  especially  to  thai  anomalous^  bat  wA 
uncommon  state  of  the  syatem,  produced  by  lln 
unsuccessful  use  of  meronry  is  syphiKtic  affectioiib 
that  I  desire  particularly  to  call  attention  in 
reference  to  the  use  of  the  water. 

Under  the  combined  in^muce  of  meronry,  and 
the  peculiar  irirut  of  {iM»/a  new  and  peculiar 
state  of  the  system  i#  K>metimes  induced, 
dimfmilar  tothe  ordinaryli^hilitio  derelopttiettts, 
and  alio  from  the  symj^ms  of  a  common  uuff> 
curial  disease,  a  case  MiifMien«;  andunmistilEalrly 


lll»rllffli-'»lf  ittMllMliillI  II I  l1rilHii»llll«lTitllM<toMM»<IHIIi|W 


wimmmmfltiim'it'ii**'^*'''*'!!^ 


ite^ji^p'.v-./A''--*  '-■  •*'  ; 


E^far 


184 


WHIIB  SULPHUR   SPBIKaS. 


manifeBted  by  the  prodaction  of  certain  constitu- 
tional/and  local  symptoms,  both  annoying  and 
painful,  and  not  unfrequently  inducing  great 
irritability  of  body  and  mind,  with  feelings  of 
wretchedness  and  despondency. 

This  peculiar  disease,  evidently  one  of  constitu- 
tional character,  manifests  its  existence  by  florid 
or  livid  spots,  or  blotches,  on  various  parts  of  the 
body;  by  scaly  eruptions,  and,  in  its  ultiznate 
form,  by  ragged,  ill-conditioned  ulcers,  assaulting 
indiscriminately  any  portion  of  the  body;  by 
nodes,  or  enlargement  of  the  bones ,  most  generally 
of  the  extremities,  or  the  face  ;  ulcerated  throat, 
pains  in  the  limbs,  with  great  susceptibility  to 
pains  and  aches  from  changes  of  the  wsather,  or 
from  any  slight  influence  ^  cold.  The  whole  of 
theie  Symptoms  juay  not  be  present,  or  in  for^  at 
the  same  time,  or  in .  the  same  patient,  but  tliey, 
are  all  generallj|r  developed  in  the  progress  of  such  \ 
cases.  In  the  commencement  of  the  disease,  there 
maybe  no  symptoms  to  attract  attention,  except 
a  tendency  to  discoloration  in  small  irregular  f 
circles  on  parts  of  the  body,  or  a  brand-like 
scaHness  ~  on  portions  of  the  skin,  with  an 
^g^ated  suawptibility  to  the  influence  of  cold, 
or  to  sudden  changes  of  the  weather.  Such 
symptoms  wiU  generally  )m  found  to<  be  the 
iqtcipients  of  this  formida'de  iialady,  and  which, 
if  ti)e  disease  be  not  then>  cured,  are  but  the 
prfesrsors  of  the  inor«  loathsome  and  dreaded 
symptoms. 


I 


^  »a«jA!&i^s 


gffffKimiin 


DISBASBS— DIKEOnONS. 


186 


n  constitu- 
loyiDg  and 
:iog  great 
feelings  of 

>f  constitu- 
e  by  florid 
arts  of  the 
ts  ultiznate 
assaulting 
body;  by 
t  generally 
bed  throat, 
ttibility  to 
^sather,  or 
e  whole  of 
in  for«w  at 
;,  bat  tliey 
ress  of  sach 
lease,  there 
ion,  except 

irregular 
brand-like 

irith  an 
oe  of  cold, 
iier.  Such 
ko<  be  the 
md  which, 
e  but  the 
d  dreaded 


f 


Cases  of  this  tsharacter  are  found  to  exist,  in 
greater  or  less  severity,  in  all  the  varieties  of 
constitution  and  temperament ;  but  more  fre- 
quently and  more  severely  in  delicate  persons  of 
lymphatic  temperament,  and  especially  in  such  as 
are  predisposed  to  strumous  diseases. 

Afler  long  experience  of  the  use  of  the  water  in 
the  peculiar  form  of  disease  under  consideration, 
I  have  no  hesitation  in  saying,  that  if  called  upon, 
to  designate  the  particular  affection,  or  state  of 
the  system,  in  which  the  White  Sulphur  water  is 
most  certainly  beneficial,  X  would  not  hesitate  to 
name  mercurial  diaeaaes  with  aecHmdary  aymptoma 
of  lues ;  because  the  water  in  such  cases  exerts  f^ 
specific  agency,  and  more  c<ertainly  brings  relief 
to  the  sufferer,  than  any  other  known  agent. 
This  is  strong  praise  of  the  remedy  in  this 
disease,  and  nothing  but  long  and  successful 
experience  in  its'  use  would  induce  me  to  award  it. 

I  use  the  phrase  ^peo^ic,  a  term>  I  know,  aa 
applied  to  remedies,  not  much  fatdred  by  the 
schools  of  medicine ;  but  by  what  other  term  can 
we  better  designate  the  peculiar  and  constant  - 
aptitude  of  a  remedy  to  produce  always  the  same 
results  ?— as  mercury  in  its  peculiar  a^iim  upon 
the  salivary  glands,  or  as  the  White  Sulpbn 
water  in  its  effects  upon  mercurial  dicraase,  for  it 
is  hot  more  certain  that  mercury  will  salivate, 
than  that  the  character  of  disease  under  -cob*  ' 


i^iti^rt<*B»f<>'ic**i*»Wi*ki)n«'j'ij'i»^^^ 


WHm   8UI.PIIUB   gPKINOS. 


i 


siderstion  will  be  beneficially  influenced  by  tbe 
properuse  of  the  White  Sulphur  water. 

For  more  than  twenty  years  I  have  watched  the 
operation  of  these  waters  in  the  disease  under 
consideration,  and,  within  that  time,  hundreds  of 
cases  have  been  submitted  to  their  use ;  and  I  can 
say  of  their  employment  in  such  cases,'  what 
should  not  be  said  of  them  in  any  other  without 
qualification,  that  they  have  invariably,  when 
properly  used,  either  cured,  or  so  rdieved  the 
patient,  as  to  evidence  the  triumph  of  the  remedy 
over  the  disease. 

Patients  laboring  under  this  affection,  and,  in 
some  respect,  in  proportion  to  the  violence  of  the 
case,  are  required  to,  exercise  patience  and 
perseverance  in  the  use  of  the  remedy.  To  render 
it  fully  successful,  nothing  short  of  its  complete 
iiipd  pervading  alterative  influences  can  be  relied- 
Upon,  and,  to  effect  this,  in  bad  cases,  from  one  to 
three  months'  use  will  generally  be  required; 
oocasionally  intermitting  it  for  a  few  days^  if  it  has 
to  be  very  long  continued. 

■  In  treating  such  oases  with  sulphur  water,  great 
aivantage  will  be  gained  and  much  time  saved, 
,b|r  the  administration  of  appropriate  adjunctive 
remedies,  and  by  the  free  use  of  the  warm  and 
ibet  ralphur  baths,  interposed  after  the  water  h«s, 
to  some  extent,  affected  the  general  system. 


-  ■■-■■  y-''y--^--^..-^^.^f.f^-.'.''^-^^fix^-^.i.'^'..:f.iA*:-.^^^^^^ 


DIBBASB»— DIKBOnONS. 


181 


ced  hy  the 

matched  the 
ease  under 
undredB  of 
;  and  I  can 
ases,'  what 
ler  without 
ihly,  when 
dieved  the 
the  remedy 

on,  and,  in 
ence  of  the 
iience  and 
To  render 
\b  complete 
n  he  relied 
from  one  to 
)  required ; 
ijB,  if  it  has 

leater,  great 

time  saved, 
adjunctive 
warm  and 

)  water  has, 

}tem. 


ERYSIPELAS.    * 

There  is  a  form  of  Erysipelas  which  I  shall  cttM 
hahitwd,  hecause  of  its  frequent  occurrence  in  the 
same  individual,  that  attacks,  at  irregular  periods, 
any  part  of  the  hody ;  hut,  most  commonly,  the 
face,  neuk,  or  the  other  extremities.  This  affec- 
tion sometimes  ohstinately  maintains  the  seat 
in  which  the  inflammation  first  appears ;  in  other 
cases  it  extends  with  greater  or  less  rapidity  to 
adjacent  parts  of  the  hody.  It  may  occur  with' 
any  one,  hut  it  especially  prevails  in  persons 
constitutionally  predisposed  to  the  affection,  nnd 
in  such,  heing  routed  from  one  part,  it  will  attack 
another;  or  at  irregular  intervals,  and  from 
various  exciting  causes,  such  as  cold,  improper 
diet,  etc.,  it  will  return  and  re-assault  the  part« 
formerly  its  seat.  The  disease  is  attended  with 
.  an  unpleasant  hurning  in  the  parts  affected,  and 
generally  with  a  slight  fever  in  its  early  stage, 
which  is  preceded  hy  rigor  or  chilliness.  It  is  a 
disagreeahle  and  annoying  affliction,  and  showing, 
even  when  slight,  a  strong  predisposition  to  a 
more  serious  form  of  the  same  disease ;  persons^ 
affected  with  it,  however  mildly,  are  anxious  to 
he  entirely  relieved. 

For  this  form  of  erysipelatous  inflammation, 
the  White  Sulphur  is  a  valuahle  remedy.  Many 
such  case?  come  under  my  direction,  &nd  hy  the 
use  of  the  waters  generally,  and  mild  alterative' 


m>^nMi^!iR^f'0!^gfi4.*^me^^m:!^mf<^,^^MP!»i  •r-  t.«M»)s*'«%»fe#!««^rai'jw.. 


18S 


WHm  BULPBVK   SPHDieS. 


I 


applications  locally  to  the  affected  parts,  they  have 
very  generally  heea  cured. 

It  should  be  noted  that,  while  the  inflammation 
is  active,  or  even  slight  fever  exists,  the  water 
should  be  withhold. 

DISEASES  OF  THE  HEABT. 

To  guide  intelligibly  and  safely  in  the  admin- 
istration  of  mineral  waters,  it  is  as  necessary  to 
observe  and  vote  the  diseases  and  states  of  the 
system  in  which -such  agents  are  oontrortndicated 
and  hurtful,  as  those  in  which  they  are  beneficial. 

I  have  elsewhere  allnded  to  the  injurious  effects 
of  mineral  waters  in,  organic  affections  of  the 
heart ;  but  the  subject  is  'one  of  so  much 
importance,  and  mistakes  are  so  frequently  made 
by  unadvised,  or  badly  advised,  persons,  that  it 
seems  proper  to  call  attention  more  distinctly  to  it.  • 

Mypertrof^Py  or  thickening  of  the  heart,  the 
most  common,  as  well  as  the  most  formidable, 
chronic  affisotion  of  that  organ,  is  pr<^erly 
divisible  into  three  varieties ;  the  first  consisting 
of  a  thickening  of  the  raosculw  tissue  of  the 
.  <»gan,  without  material  alteration  of  the  valves, 
or  enlargement  of  the  cavities  of  the  vieous.  In 
the  second  variety  the  thidcness  of  th«  walls  of 
the  heart  are  increased,  but  principally  on  the 
inside,  so  that  while  the  size  of  the  whole  organ 
teay  not  be  much  increased,  its  oavitiet  will  be 


..n  ■  ,„.-.,,,,,,..u  fl  iirit,{-r-'j  ''r-''-''*^^^'*"--'^^''^ 


DIBIABBS— DIRBOnONB. 


m 


J,  they  have 

iflammation 
,  the  water 


the  admin- 
lecesiary  to 
bates  of  the 
rorindicated 
ehenefioial. 
rioufl  effects 
lions  of  the 
'  so  mnoh 
lently  made 
ons,  that  it 
tinotly  to  it. 
heart,  the 
formidahle, 
is    properly 

it  OODSistiDg 

ssne  of  the 
the  valTes, 
▼isoas.  In 
ih«t  walls  of 
lally  on  the 
rhole  orgail 
ties  will  he 


considerably  lessened.  The  third  variety  is 
hypertrophy  or  thickening  of  the  walls,  com- 
bined with  dilatation,  of  greater  or  less  extent,  of 
the  cavities  ;  this  is  the  most  serioas  and  dreaded 
variety  of  the  disease. 

In  neither  of  the  varieties*of  hypertrophy  of  the 
heart,  is  the  White  Sulphuf  water  remedial ; 
while  in  the  second  and  third,  it  is  manifestly 
injurions  and  hasardous,  even  when  need  in 
moderate  qnantities  and  for  short  periods  of  time. 
Such  .will  be,  to  a  greater  or  less  extent,  the' 
prejudicial  effects  of  all  the  more  stimulating 
waters,  whether  of  Sulphnr,  Alam,  Chalybeate 
or  saline  character. 

In  the  last  twenty-five  years  I  have  known 
several  cases  of  sudden  death,  in  hypertrophy  of 
the  heart,  occasioned  by  using  the  White  Sulphur 
water.  In  numerous  other  cases,  an  aggravation - 
jof  ail  the  worst  symptoms  of  the  disease  has  been  ■ 
witnessed  fi-cnn  the  same  cause,  and  the  patients 
forced  to  discontinue  the  water j  although  the 
gmeral  ttaie  of  their  systems,  apart  Arbin  the  con- 
dition of  the  heart,  demanded  ite  use. 

Experience  of  the  injurious  effects  of  the  water  - 
in  organie  affections  of  the  heart,  has  taught  me 
the  imp<»rtence  of  durefvlly  looking  to  the  con- 
dition of  that  organ,  in  ;  ^  cases  submitted  to  my 
advice,  when  there  is  tl.>  slightest  reason  tb 
suspect  that  it  may  not  be  free  from  disease. 

Let  me  be  cinderi^ood  here,  ss  alluding  strictly 


mmM»tmiM^imi^mt^»Mumitmi*m»ii>ykimmtUm 


^^^^'S^^^mmMf^^^^^-^^^''^^'^^*^^^^^^^^''''^^?^^^^" 


190 


WEtn  SDLPSUB  BPKUrOfl. 


to  organio  c^tcHona  <A  the  heart,  and  not  to  the 
variotn  tympathetie  afftotiona  of  that  organ,  so 
often  found,  especially  in  persons  of  nervous  tem- 
peraments, and  in  connection  with  dyspeptic 
depravities.  Such  sympathetic  affections  mani- 
fested by  paroxysmal  palpitations,  and  an  awful 
sense  of  sinking,  are  not  uncommon  in  dyspepsia ; 
and,  although  always  distressing,  are  less  dan- 
gerous than  patients  are  prone  to  fear.  They  are 
neuralgic  in  character,  and  while  they  excite  on 
the  mind  of  the  sufferer  the  most  unpleasant 
anxiety,  in  fear  of  an  organic  affection  of  the 
heart,  such  fears  are  generally  groundless.  The 
existence  of  the  unpleasant  symptoms  alluded  to, 
when  found  in  connepttpn  with,  and  dependent 
uponiV dyspeptic  condition  of  the  stomach,  in  no 
respect  oontra'indicate  the  use  of  the  waters ;  on 
the  contrary,  these  unpleasant  symptoms  are 
always  relieved  by  the  use  y>f  the  water  to  th^ 
same  extent  that  it  benefits  the  disease  upon  which 
they  depend. 

Patients  suffering  under  orgfttiUe  affections  of  the 
heart  should  absti»in  from  the  use  of  sulphur 
waters,  although  the  stat^  of  their  general  system 
,  may  seem  to  indicate  the  use  of  the  remedy. 
Most  persons,  thus  advised,  carefully  adh^e  to 
the  advice,  but  in  a  few  instances  I  have  known 
tiiem  to  depart  fr<MDa  it  and  use  a  few  glasses  of 
the  water ;  but  never  without  occasioning  an 
aggravation  pf  their  symptowp.    in  «ach  diseases 


'.'.'.r';":fJi(«'.>';v'!j'*<i*l'AteiX 


noTIo  the 


i  organ,  so 
ervouB  tern- 
I  dyspeptic 
tioni  mani- 
)d  aa  awful 
[  dyapepaia ; 
e  leis  dan- 
.  They  are 
9y  excite  on 

unpleaiant 
iion  of  the 
idlesB.  The 
allnded  to, 
I  dependent 
maoh,  in  no 

wateri;  on 
Doptoms  are 
rater  to  th^ 
I  upon  which 

ictionfl  of  the 
of  Bulphar 
neral  system 
^h9  remedy. 
f  adh^e  to 
have  known 
m  glasses  of 
arioQi?ig  an 
inch  diseases 


DISKA6EB — ^DIBlOnOllfl. 


191 


I  am  occasionally  consulted  by  persons  who  have 
-bcon  using  the  water  for  a  time,  and  finding  they 
arc  not  doing  well,  seek  adrioe ;  in  such  cases,  a 
discontiauance  of  the  water  always  ^It^os  evidence 
of  its  UQsuitobleness  to  the  patient. 

During  the  summer  of  1866,  one  of  my  patiente 
was  an  eminent  physician,  Dr.  G.,  of  Eastern 
Virginia.  In  deteiling  to  him,  in  a  social  pro- 
fessional way,  the  prejudicial  eJBfects  of  the  water 
in  diseases  of  the  heart — and  without  suspecting 
that  he  was  a  subject  of  the  malady^  for  at  that 
time  I  had  not  examined  his  case, — he  manifested 
an  acute  interest  in  my  recitel,  and  before  I  had 
concluded,  said,  "  You  are  not  aware,  sir,  that 
you  are  using  the  argumeg^m  ad  hominem;  I  have 
long  suspected  that  I  am  myself  a  subject  of 
hypertrophy  of  the  heart, — and  what  you  now 
say  of  the  peculiar  symptoms  occasioned  by  the 
use  of  the  water  in  such  cases,  paiafuUy  satinfies 
me  that  I  have  not  been  misteken."  He  further 
told  me  that  he  found  his  unpleasant  symptoms 
aggravated  almost  immediately  after  commencing 
the  use  of  the  water ;  and  I  had  the  pleasure  of 
witnessing  a  great  abatement  of  them,  after  he 
discontinued  ite  use  entirely. 

.Cases  have  come  under  my  notice  in  which  the 
use  of  the  water  plainly  developed  to  observation 
the  existence  of  a  diseased  heart,  which,  before  ittt^ 
use,  had  been  doubted  or  unsuspected. 


mmm^mmiimiimim 


m 


WBITB  BULPBOB   WUSOB. 


BOIRRHUB    AND    OANOBR. 

In  Caneerow  affeotiont,  I  h«ye  not  found  the 
waters  of  the  White  Sulphur  to  he  remedial. 

In  8oirrhu8,  which  may  he  regarded  aa  .an  ap- 
proximation to  Cancer >  or  rather  the  initial  of 
that  formidable  disorder,  the  same  remarks  may 
be  made.  Indeed,  my  ohserrations  are  very 
un&Torable  io  the  use  of  the  waters  in  Scirrhns 
generally,  and  especially  in  sohirrosity  of  the 
stomach  and  womb.  Its  tendency  is  injurious  in 
such  cases,  and  especially  in  their  adranced 
stages ;  so  much  so,  that  I  ncTsr  recommend,  but 
always  inhibit,  its  use  when  there  is  sufficient 
cause  to  believe  these  qrgans  to  be  in  such  a  con- 
dition. 

.So  far  as  observation  enables  me  to  form  an 
opinion,  and  various  cases  have  contributed  to  the 
enlightenment  of  my  judgment  on  the  subject, 
none  of  our  mineral  waters,  either  Sulphur,  Ohidyb- 
eate.  Alum  or  Saline,  can  be  regarded  as  remedial 
in  Scirrhns  or  Cancer ;  and  the  beat  encomium 
that  can  be  bestowed  upon  any  of  them,  in  such 
cases,,  is  simply  this,  that  tka  Itxui  potent  wiU  be  the 
Jiea^  ityvrmu. 

We  often  meet  in  practice  with  m-comUtioMd 
vloer$  that  are  very  unmanageable  by  the  usual 
medico-surgical  treatment ;  such  ulcerations  are 
generally  connected  with  advanced  age,  or- with  a 
debilitoted  and  vitiated  constitution. 


■•nim-«>«w>>iM<flliilWMi 


jJiiiiitiiaiMiii 


600IRT  AND   118  AMUSmiBMTS. 


in 


found  the 
kedial. 

M.an  »p- 
}  initial  of 
marks  may 

are  yery 
n  Scirrhns 
lity  of  the 
Djariona  in 
'  adranoed 
amend,  but 
8  sufficient 
8uch  a  con- 
to  form  an 
mted  to  the 
he  tubjeot, 
ur,Ohalyb- 
M  remedial 

encomium 
m,  in  8ueh 
)iwmbethe 

•oqmdUwMd 
ir  the  usual 
nrations  are 
»,  or  with  a 


Those  disordei's  are  successfuDy  treated  hy  our 
stronger  sulphur  waters,  and  by  the  various 
Alum,  or  Aluminous  sulphated  Ohalyboates  of 
the  country.  Oases  of  this  character,  that  are 
cured  by  mineral  waters,  have  sometimes  long 
resisted  the  usual  medical  treatment;  and  this 
iact,  in  connection  with  their  ill-conditioned  char- 
acter, sometimes  causes  them  to  be  regarded  as 
cancerous.  Patients,  especially,  taking  counsel 
from  their  fears,  ofte&  attribute  to  them  this 
malignant  character,  but  a  wise  and  discrimi- 
nating pathology  will  distinguish  between  such 
affections  and  the  specific  characteristics  of  Cancer. 

SOCIETY  AND  ITS  AMltSEMEliTS  AT  THE  WHITE 
SULPHUR 

Next  to  the  i&edicinal  value  of  the  water  of  the 
White  Sulphur,  and  the  invigorating  climate  of 
the  place,  the  company  that  annually  assembles 
there  is  most  worthy  of  notice. 

The  prestige  of  the  White  Sulphur  for  all  that 
is  elegant  and  refined  in  society  is  coeval  with  its 
early  history.  For  many  years  it  has  been  the- 
great  central  pCiint  of  reunion  for  the  best  society 
of  the  South,  North,  East  and  West,  that  here 
mingle  together  under  circumstances  well  calcu- 
lated to  promote  social  intercourse,  and  to  call  out 
the  kindliest  feelings  of  our  nature. 

The  eoUage  ayatem  that  has  been  introduced, 
17 


»i^i»'%'^<igiijMit"  mliiii  ■"■'* 


194 


WHITE   SULPHUR  SPRINGS. 


although  new  to  American  watering  places,  has 
proved^  complete  success,  and  greatly  contributes 
to  the  home>like  comforts  and  the  sociality  of  the 
numerous  families  assembled  here. 

Society  seems  here  to  meet  on  common  ground, 
and  the  di£ferent  shades  of  feeling  influencing  it 
at  home  are  laid  aside,  while  each  individual  pro- 
motes his  own  happiness  by  contributing  to  the 
happiness  of  others. 

Here  is  to  be  found  th%  statesman  vrho,  worn 
down  with  labor,  and  his  mind  unstrung  by  the 
cares  of  office,  seeks  from  the  bracing  air,  the 
pi<itur(;sque  scenery  and  the  genial  company,  not 
less  than  from  the  health-giving  waters,  that 
recuperation  of  his  wastetjd  energies  in  vain  sought 
for  elsewhere.  Here,  too,  is  found  the  man  of 
letters,'  seeking  rest  from  thought,  and  strength 
for  future  effort.  The  poet,  too,  is  here  to  quaflF 
vigor  from  the  sparkling  fountain,  and  new 
images  of  beauty  from  nature's  lavish  stores  that 
are  spread  around  him ;  and  here,  too,  come  in 
crowds  those  who  have  ever  plumed  the  poet's 
fancy  po  its  sublimest  flights— beauteous  woman — 
by  her  presence  brightening  every  prospect,  and 
gracing  every  seene.  Following  naturally  in  her 
train,  come  those  who  ever  love  to  bask  in  beauty's 
smiles^  and  find  in  such  scenes  the  happiest  of 
their  youthful  hours.  Here,  too,  congregate  the 
reverend  clergy,  the  doctor,  the  lawyer,  the  judge, 
wearied  with  the  burdens  of  the  bench ;  the  man 


iaitMmmwi*iiMHMHi<iMW''-'''''''-'wCT  '<  i^iMiiiiJiMifiiftiiiiwtiMiW 


liHiHii 


SOCIBTT  AND    ITS  AMUSBMKNTS. 


105 


laces,  has 
)iitribates 
ity  of  the 

1  ground, 
lencing  it 
idual  pro- 
ng to  the 

yho,  worn 
Qg  by  the 
;  air,  the 
ipanjr,  not 
ters,  that 
an  sought 
le  man  of 
L  strength 
e  to  quaff 
and  new 
itores  that 
>,  come  in 
the  poet's 
I  woman — 
spect,  and 
»lly  in  her 
n  beauty's 
appiest  of 
regate  the 
the  judge, 
;  the  man 


iiiaii!iiiiiiiii« 


of  commerce,  the  financier,  the  thrifty  planter, 
the  eturdy  farmer,  and  the  retired  man  of  wealth 
and  ease.  These,  reckoned  by  thousands,  make 
up  the  company  that  annually  give  tone  and  char- 
acter to  the  White  Sulphur,  and  make  it  at  once 
the  Athens  and  the  Paris  of  America. 

The  amusements  are  various  in  kind  and  in 
degree,  ^o  sketch  can  give  more  than  a  faint 
shiulowing  of  the  pleasures  of  a  visits  to  the 
Springs.  The  freedom  from  care,  the  relaxation 
from  bonds  which  have  fettered  us  to  the  tread- 
mill of  business ;  the  pure  mountain  air,  every 
breath  of  which  swells  the  veins  and  makes  the 
blood  tingle  with  delight;  the  wild  mountain 
scenery  awakening  new  thoughts  of  the  grandeur 
of  creation,  and  the  mighty  power  of  God ;  the 
amenities  of  social  intercourse,  relieyed  from 
those  necessary  but  vexatious  rules  of  etiquette 
which  hem  in  iashionable  life  at  home ;  all  these 
combine  to  render  a  visit  to  the  White  Sulphur 
an  epoph  in  life  to  be'' looked  forward  to,  and  back 
upon,  with  pleasurable  emotions. 

The  weary  pilgrim  cottrsing  over  the  burning 
sands  of  the  East,  does  not  hail  the  sight  of  an 
oasis  in  mid-desert  with  more  joy  than  the  habitues 
of  the  "White,"  worn  down  by  cares  or  trouble, 
welcome  the  first  glimpses  of  the  sparkling  foun- 
tain, and  the  verdant  lawns  encircled  by  cottage 
homes;  to  him  they  promise  rest,  comfort,  health ; 
while  to  others  they  tell  of  pleasures  past  and  joys 


196 


WHIXB  SULPHUR  8PBINCN3. 


to  come.  And  why  ?  For  answer,  let  vm  briefly 
sketch  jbhe  scenes  of  a  single  day  at  the  Springs. 

The  morning  haa  dawned,  the  forest  songster 
in  saluting  the  opening  day  has  softly  wakened 
the  sleeper;  the  full  ronnd  face, of  the  son  soon 
appeurs  above  the  neighboring  mountain  peak ; 
the  silvery  vapor  glides  upward  from  the  vale 
beneath,  the  fleecy  clouds  are  gone,  and  the  dewy 
fragrance  of  the  morning  air  invites  to  active 
exercise.  The  visitors  now  gather  around  the 
health-giving  fountain,  and  after  quaffing  its 
waters,  wend  their  way  to  the  jooming  meal. 
This  over,  the  business  of  active  enjoyment  fcur 
the  day  begins. 

The  pleasant  walks,  that  penetrate  the  lawns 
and  environ  the  grounds'inyite  |Qiany  to  healthful 
exercise.  The  billiard  saloon,  with  its  numerous 
tables,  entices  many  votaries ;  the  bowling  alleys 
soon  resound  with  the  merry  laugh  of  youth  and 
beauty,  and  thus  the  hours  glide  vwiftly  away ; 
while  Ircmi  another  portion  of  the  grounds  is 
heard  the  olear^  keen  r^pwt  from  the  pistol 
gallery,  tdiUng  how  promptly  Young  America  is 
preparing  to  aves^e  his  insulted  honor. 

The  bMutifol  rides  and  drives,  with  their 
glorious  mountain  and  intervale  scenery,  attract 
some,  while.the  quiet  game,  the  alluring  book,  or 
tbe  pleasant  companion  solace  many  others.  Thus 
they  take  no  note  of  time,  save  from  its  loss»  until 
the  wurning  sound  of  the  dinner  bell  rings  fatth 


iaiiiiiiiia^^ 


sooDmr  Ain>  ns  ahusembmts. 


m 


na  briefly 

I  Springs. 

b  songster 

r  wakened 

ran  soon 

un  peak; 

the  Tale 

the  dewy 

to  active 

ound  the 

affittg   its 

mg  meal. 

irment  £ar 

khe  lawns 
healthful 
nnmerons 
ing  alleys 
rottth  and 
Itly  away ; 
rounds  i« 
he  pistol 
onerica  is 

itii  their 
ry,  attraot 
g  book,  or 
iti.  Thus 
lossy  until 
ings  forth 


the  noontide  hour,  calling  to  prepare  for  the  mid- 
day meal.  Again  the  fountain  is  thronged,  and 
then  to  the  sound  of  rich-toned  music,  discoursed 
by  a  well-trained  band,  the  crowd,  after  the  hour 
of  preparation  has  elapsed,  assemble  in  the  im- 
mense and  well-furnished  drawing-room  for  a 
brief  social  reunion,  before  partaking  of.  the  great 
meal  of  the  day.  Dinner  over,  the  drawing-room 
again  becomes  the  centre  of  attraction.  In  this 
room,  during  the  crowded  season,  are  each  day 
brought  pleasantly  together  a  gay  and  richly-  - 
dressed  assembly,  excelled  in  beauty,  manliness, 
and  dignity  by  no  other  crowd  ever  assembled 
within  the  broad  limits  of  our  common  country. 
Here  congregate  the  faire«t  <tf  the  fair  from  every 
State,  and  one  can  gaze,  and  gaze  on  beauty  until 
the  heart  reels  in  its  very  fullness. 

The  company,  wearied  with  converse  or  the 
promenade,  retire  to  their  cottage  homes,  or  to 
the  inviting  shade  of  the  wide-spread  oaks,  under- 
neath which,  in  by^gone  yearsi  the  savage  danced 
or  the  antlered  monareh  of  the  forest  tossed  his 
crest,  now  given  up  to  the  happy  crowd  who  in 
genial  converse  while  the  hours  away  until  the 
lengthened  shadows  and  the  fragrant  air  again 
invite  to  the  walk,  thf  tide,  the  dn've,  or  other 
active  exercise.  Then.ia  heard  the  summons  to 
a  social  reunion  at  the  tea-table,  after  which  the 
spirit-stirring  music  calls  the  young  and  the  gay 
to  the  giddy  whirl  of  the  ball-room.    Here  plea- 

17* 


198 


CUALYBBATB   SPBINO. 


suro  reigns  supreme,  the  heart-toned  laugh,  the 
witty  /word,  the  amiable  repartee,  all  tell  that 
those  assembled  here  are  just  sipping  the  bubbles 
from  the  overflowing  cup  of  joy. 

Nowhere  else  can  such  a  scene  be  witnessed; 
nowhere  else  can  such  a  scene  be  more  innocent 
than  here.  Thus  flit  away  the  glad  hours  until 
the  waning  night  bids  to  calm  repose. 

Such  is,  as  it  were,  a  shadowy  outline  of  a  day  . 
at  the  White  Sulphur. 

But  we  cannot  close  this  sketch  without  men- 
tioning another  phase  of  society  at  the  Springs, 
and  one  that  must  commend  itself  to  erery  well 
ordered  mind.  We  allude  to  ,the  respectful  ob- 
servance, by  the  company*  generally,  of  the  Sab- 
bsfth  day.  Throughout  this  entire  day  a  profound 
quiet  pervades  the*  grounds,  and  the  places  of 
worship  are  thronged  by  full  and  attentive  con- 
gregations. Nothing  coukl  better  evidence  the 
conservative  influence  of  society  here,  than  the 
reif^ctful  and  reverential  attention  with  which 
the  vast  concourse  honor  the  sacred  clatms  of  the 
Sabbath.  - 

CBALTBEATB  SPBINO. 

About  forty  rods   from    the  White   Sulphur 
'  Spring,  and  near  the  road  that  leads  to  Lewis- 
burg,  is  a  Chalybeate  Springt  which  is  Aow  being 
beneficially  used  by  invalids.    The  existence  of 
this  iron  water  has  long  been  known,  but  it  is 


Mtliim»ii>iMm 


Wia 


CBALYBBATB   SPBINO. 


199 


iaugh,  the 

tell  that 

le  bubhles 

ritnesBed ; 
I  ianoceat 
ours  until 

e  of  a  day  . 

boat  men- 
>  Springs, 
every  well 
MOtfnl  ob- 
f  the  Sab- 
i  profound 
places  of 
ntive  con- 
idence  the 
,  than  the 
ith  which 
Imt  of  the 


9  Sulphur 
to  Lewis- 
How  being 
listenee  of 
If  but  it  is 


only  within  the  last  few  years  that  it  attracted 
sufficient  attention  to  induce  the  proprietor  to 
have  it  deepened,  walled  up,  and  properly  en> 
closed. 

The  water  has  not  been  analyzed,  but  there  can 
he  no  doubt  that  the  efficient  medical  material  in 
it  is  iron,  and  that  this  is  held  in  solution  in  the 
form  of  a  carbonate,  constituting  the  mildest, 
.  least  offensive,  and,  ordinarily,  the  most  efficient 
form  in  which  ferruginous  waters  are  found. 

I  allude  to  this  spring  in  connection  with  the 
White  Sulphur,  because  it  is  found  immediately 
contiguous  to  it,  and  is  used  in  connection  with  it 
to  a  considerable  extent. 

For  the  last  ten  years,  it  hais  been  much  used 
by  invalids,  either  in  connection  with  the  White 
Sulphur,  or  as  an  independent  remedy,  and  its 
tonic  eflBeots  in  several  coses,  thai  have  come 
under  my  observation,  have  been  gratifying. 
Judging  from  the  taste  of  the  water  and  its 
kindly  influences  upon  the  stomach,!  infer  that  it 
is,  to  a  great  degree,  exempt  from  the  irritating 
salts  that  impregnate  the  waters  of  limestone 
regions.' 

,  It  acts  mildly  as  a  diuretic,  and  slightly  on  some 
persons  as  an  aperient,  but  its  chief  value  must  be 
attributed  to  its  tonio  powers. 


200 


MINKIUL  WATIBS  Of  VIBOINU. 


CHAPTEBIX. 

SALT  BULPHITR  SPRINGS. 

BilMothh  tmi  SaHif  JSRMMy— ^iMi%iji  if  Pnfamtr  Bogm 
J^^jpUeabiUtg  tf  tkt  Waim— Iodine  or  Xm  Bfring—Anai^  bg 
Dr.  gtmemi,  de. 

Thbsb  springs,  three  in  namber,  are  about 
twenty-four  miles  south  from  the  Whito  Sulphur, 
in  the  County  of  Monroe,  and  near  Union,  the  seat 
of  justice  for  that  coun^.  They  are  encircled  by 
mountains  on  every  side^^-nihaVing  Peters'  Mouh- 
tain  to  the  south  and  east,  the  Alleghany  to  the 
north,'^and  Swope's  Mountain  to  the  vest,  near 
the  base  of  whkh  are  the  three  springs  alluded  1^. 

This  watering  place  has  been  a  popular  and  profit- 
able resort  for' invalids  for  the  liMt  fifty  years; 
having  always  heretofore,  as  now^  dnjoyed  a  high 
reputatbn,  alito  for  the  virtue  of  its  waters  and 
the  exii$eUe6oe  of  its  acoonimodations.  It  is  owned 
by  Messrs.  Erskine  &  Carnthers,  woifhy  and 
enterprkiing  proprietors,  under  whose  personal 
manageinent  the  eitoblishixi(^t  has  been  for  many 
years^and  who  inade  the  prii^pal  improVements 
at  the  place — ^which  are  both  comfortable  and 
extensive ;  being  sufficient  for  the  accommodation 
of  three  hundred  and  fifty  persons. 


iWiBHaWftaiiiiiiMiiiiili^a^ 


MM*  Segen 


are  abont 
Sulphur, 
1,  the  9ei,t 
circled  by 
rs'  Mouh- 
ny  to  the 
ireft,  near 
Rlhided  to. 
Audprofit- 
ly  years; 
ed  ahigh 
waters  and 
[t  is  owned 
>ifhy  and 
>  personal 
I  for  many 
poVements 
table  and 
imodation 


8ALI  SDLPHOB  SntlNOB.  201 

The  "  Sait  Sulphur"  proper  was  discorered  by 
Erwin  Benson,  Esq.,  in  1805,  when  boring  for 
salt  water,  which  he  was  induced  to  believe  might 
be  found  there,  from  the  fact  that,  in  old  times, 
the  spot  had  been  a  favorite  "  Lick  "  for  deer  and 
buffalo.  This  spring  is  neatly  inclosed  in  a 
marble  reservoir,  two  feet  square,  and  about  two 
feet  ten  inches  deep,  and  is  protected  from  the 
weather  by  a  neat  and  comfortable  edifice. 

The  following  is  the  analysis  of  this  water,  as 
furnished  by  Professor  Bogers : 

Temperature  variable  from  49°  to  66°. 
Solid  matter  procured,  by  evaporation,  from  100 
cubic  inches,  weighed,  after  being  dried  at  212° 
81-41  grains. 

Quantity  of  each  solid  ingredient  in  100  oubio 
inches,  estimated  as  perfisotly  free  from  water :-- 
...  * 

1.  Balphate  of  lime^.......«...........„......8(|-758  gnins. 

».  Bo^tlMte  of  magnota «  7-M8     « 

ft  Solphaie  of  iodi-...........^^..^.. .„  g-ms     « 

4  OwlMMute  of  Una.  ....«..«.....„«...,„.  i^Mt     " 

8.  CuboiMte  of  iMgneria......................  i-JM     m 

6.  Ohtorideof  iiMgiinlam-............„....M  o-US  " 

T.  OblSridb  of  sodivniL.......................^  o*w8  •* 

.     8.  CUoildo  of  wildiBW.,..................^....  o^lBS  •« 

9.  Peroxide  of  iron,  ftom  proto«aIplutte.  <HMI  <* 

10.  An  acotind  oig^  matter^Iiiended 

With  iu^or.rtiot^......... ...........       4     « 

11.  Bttfby plioqdMtea.:...........^............^  tnoe 

l&IodiiM. 


fS^B^KW, 


1^ 


BJWWrgMBI—WiBW 


202  MmiBAL  VATnu)  or  vimiria. 

Volume  of  each  of  the  gases  contained  in  a  free 
state  in  100  cubic  inches : — 

Stdphoratted  hydrogen 110 to IM cabio inohM. 

Nitrogen. 808         " 

Oxygen 0.27    .     " 

Carbonic  add. • «W         " 

The  above  analysis  applies  to  the  Iodine,  or 
New  Spring,  as  well  as  to  the  Upper,  or  Old 
Spring,  as  the  following  extract  of  a  letter,  from 
Professor  Rogers  to  the  proprietors,  will  show : — 
"I  inclose  you  a  list  of  the  ingredients  in  the 
Salt  Sulphur  water,  which  applies  to  the  Now  as 
well  as  to  the  Old  Spring,  the  former  having 

,  rather-  k  smaller  nmpunt  of  saline  matter  in 
general,  thougli  in  some  ingredients  surpassing 
the  other.  It  has  been  very  minutely  analysed, 
and  is  the  first  of  all  the  waters  in  which  I  was 
enabled  to  detect  traces  of  Iodine,  which  it  con- 
tains inlarger  amount  than  the  Old  Spring,  and, 
indeed,  than  most  of  the  other  waters  in  which 
I  }iave  been  so  fortunate  as  to  discover  this 
material." 
The  JocfMM,  or  New  Spring ^  was  aocidentally 

^  discovered  by  the  proprietors  in  18S8,  while 
engaged  in  q[>ening  a  drain  for  the  w$ter  of  the 
"Salt,"  and  was  immediately  deeifened  and 
inclosed  in  a  marble  reservoir,  and  covered  by  an 
appri»priate  building.  Owing  to  a  large-  deposit 
of  sulphur  in  combination  with  some  peculiar 


iflriiiiiiaiMiiiiM 


imm 


SALT  eutfBUB  sranros. 


203 


ad  in  a  free 


IricinohM. 

«( 
li 

u 


Iodine,  or 
)er,  or  Old 
letter,  from 
11  show: — 
ients  in  the 
the  Now  as 
ner  having 
matter  in 
■nrpauing 
Y  analysed, 
rhioh  I  was 
tich  it  Gon- 
Ipring,  and, 
irs  in  which 
isoover  this 

aooidentally 
1838,  while 
r$ter  of  the 
9{|ened  and 
rered  hy  an 
irge-  deposit 
me  pecaliar 


organic  matter,  which  floats  as  a  pellicle  upon  the 
surface  of  the  spring,  this  water  is  less  limpid  than 
that  of  the  "Salt."  Under  an  intense  heat  of 
the  sun,  it  occasionally  deposits  a  beautiful  pink 
sediment  upon  the  bottom  and  sides  of  the 
reservoir.  In  taste  and  smell,  it  much  resembles 
the  water  of  the  other  springs,  but  being  ten 
degrees  warmer,  is  less  palatable  to  some  persons. 
Its  temperature  varies  from  Q2°  to  68°  Fah. 

The  presence  of  a  larger  quantity  of  iodine  in 
this  spring,  poinU  it  out  as  a  superior  agent  in 
many  affections  for  which  iodine  is  successfully 
employed,  particularly  in  scrofula,  goitre,  and 
some  diseases  of  the  akin. 

The  Upper,  or  Old  Sprxngt  was  discovered  in 
1803^  by  Alexander  Hutoherson,  Esq.,  who  was 
searching  for  salt  water  on  Indian  Creek.  It  soon 
came  into  high  reputation  as  a  mineral  water,  and 
was  the  annual  resort  of  a  large  company.  The 
house  now  occupied  as  a  hotel,  and  several  of  the 
old  cabins,  were  erected  at  that  early  day.  The 
water  of  this  spring  is  now  almost  elkclnsively 
used  for  the  baths;  the  opening  of  the  8aU 
BvUfhw-jptopoitf  whose  waters  are  more  strongly 
marked,  having  in  a  great  degree  superseded  it  as 
a  drink. 

The  water  of  the  Salt  Sulphur  possesses  all  the 
sensible  properties  of  the  sulphur  waters  in 
general.  "Its  odor,  for^  instance,"  says  Dr. 
Mtitter,  '*  is  verj  like  that  of  a  <  tolerable  egg,' 


uamuoi  wAms  w  vhoixia. 


and  mfty,  in  certain  sUtot  of  the  •tmoephere,  be 

poroMved  at  some  distance  from  the  spring,  and 

in  taste  it  is  cousin-german  to  a  strong  solution  of 

Epsom   salts  and  magnesia.    In  a  shdrt  time, 

however,   strange   to    say,    these    disagreeable 

'  properties  are  either  not  observed,  or  become,  on 

the  other  hand,  attraotire  ;  indeed,  there  is  hardly 

an   instance   of  an   indiTidnal's   retaining   his 

I  original  repugnance  to  them  longer  than  three  or 

^four  days,  and  some  there  are  who  become  so 

;>  excessively  fond  of  the  water  as  to  give  it  the 

ifpreference  over  any  other  liquids.    Like  most  of 

|the  sulphurous,  this  water  is  perfectly  transparent, 

and  deposits  a  whitish  sediment,  composed  of  its 

(Tarious  saline  ingredi«tfits,  mingled  with  sulphur. 

pit  is  also  for  the  most  part  placid ;  occasionally, 

i^howtiver,  it  is  disturbed  by  a  bubble  of  gas,  which 

^steals   slowly   to  the  snrfhee,  where   it   either 

^•xplodes  with  a  timid  and  dimpling  smack,  or  is 

!  eagerly  caught  up  by  some  care-worn  and  almost 

bworld-weary  invalid  as  a  gem  from  the  treasury  of 

^Hygeial" 

The  Salt  Sulphur  water  is  remedial  in  all  cases 
*in  whiflh  strong  sulphur  waters  -are  sttcnessftilly 
used ;  and  especially  in  eases  that  require  active 
cathartic  operation.  While  its  cathartic  effects 
are  more  active  than  those'  of  any  other  filter  in 
the  geological  region  in  which  it  exists,  it  is 
neither  harsh  nor  violent;  gently  cltoritig  the 
alimentary  canal  without  debiUtating  the  patient. 


BALI  80I.PHUR  8PRIN08. 


SOS 


iMphere,  be 
spring,  And 
i;  solution  of 
shdrt  timo, 
lisftgrceable 
become,  on 
sre  is  hardly 
tftining  his 
lan  three  or 
I  beoome  bo 
give  it  the 
like  most  of 
transparent, 
posed  of  its 
ith  sulphur. 
KKMMionally, 
f  gas,  which 
B  it  either 
imack,  or  is 
and  almost 
Btreasncyof 

in  all  oases 
tttocessfUly 
^iiire  active 
artio  effects 
er  water  in 
exists,  it  is 
iltoritig  the 
the  patient. 


HIMMii 


while  it  actirely  promotes  the  general  secretions, 
invigorates  the  appetite,  and  promotes  digestion. 
The  cathartic  effects  of  the  water  are  so  mild  and 
certain  that  the  stomach  is  never  oppressed  nor 
the  bowels  irritated ; -but  while  the  alimentary 
canal  is  being  relieved,  the  functions  of  the  system 
assume  their  physiological  type,  and  the  suspended 
causes  of  disease  are  gradually  removed. 

In  the  extensive  range  of  diseases,  dependent 
upon  vitceral  obstructions,  the  Bait  Sulphur  is 
eminently  useful ;  and  in  that  particular  form  of 
simple  Dffap^a,  in  which  constipation  is  a 
leading  and  troublesome  symptom,  I  have  found 
it  to  be  signally  efficacious. 

This  water,  like  all  oilr  sulphur  waters,  will 
sometimes  distinctly  reduce  the  frequency  and 
force  of  the  pulse;  and  while  such  effect  upon 
the  circulation  is  not  characteristic  of  its  constant 
action  upon  the  economy,  it  is  favorable  to  its 
sanative  influence.  As  is  the  case  with  the  White 
and  other  sulphur  waters,  this  influence  upon  the 
circulation  is  not  the  effect  of  direct  sedative 
action  upon  the  heart  and  arteries,  but  of  the 
sanative  powers  of  the  agent,  as  an  alterative  and 
deobstruent,  in  restoring  the  general  economy  to 
its  true  physiological  type,  and  thus  relieving 
the  circulation  from  the  causes  that  oppress  it. 

Dr.  Mutter,  in  an  instructive  punphlet  on  tim 
Salt   Sulphur,  published  in  1850,    recommends 
these  waters  in  chronic  qfeottoM,  <^  <Ae  Brniik;  m 
18 


206 


MmnAL  WATIR8  OV  TIBfllNIA. 


chronic  dia«(uet  of  the  BoweU,  Kidney,  Spleen,  and 
Bladder;  in  Neuralgia,  ai  well  aa  in  the  yarious 
affections  termed  nerwue,  »uch  as  hypochiondna, 
hysteria,  catalepsy,  chorea,  etc. 

He  found  them  useful  in  eympaihetio  t^edioM 
of  th«  Cheat,  dependent  upon  some  lesion  of  the 
ohylopoietic  viscera ;  but  oautions  against  their 
use  in  all  cases  of  tubercles,  hiemoptysis,  or  of 
great  emaciation  with  diarrhoea. 

Chronic  SplenUie,  often  a  sequela  of  Southern 
fevers,  is  frequently  cured  by  these  waters.  Chronic 
gastric  irritation,  Pyrosis,  or  water-brash,  as  well 
as  Oastralgia,  or  nervous  dyspepsia,  is  often 
relieved  by  the  Salt  Sulphur. 

Dr.  Mutter  found  go6d  effects  from  the  waters 
in  ooMtipation  of  the  boweU,  haemorrhoids,  and  in 
irritation  of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  kidneys, 
urethra,  proetcUe  gland,  and  bladder. 

Beneficial  effects  are  derived  from  their  use  in 
atomic  leuoorrhoea,  amenorrheea,  and  dysmenorrheea, 
when  unconnected  with  general  or  local  plethora. 

Like  all  other  strong  sulphur  waters,  they  are 
beneficial  in  lAronic  Mheumaiiam  and  Gout,  as  well 
M  i»  PeriostiHs,  and  inflammation  of  the  bones, 
and  chronic  diseases  of  the  Skin. 

In  reference  to  the  manner  of  using  sulphur 
waters.  Dr.  Mfltter  judiciously  remarks,  that  "a 
very  injurious  practice  prevails  at  most- of  the 


wim 


'immwmmm 


BAUt  SULPHUR  SPRUrOS. 


807 


Jpleen,  and 
he  Tarioua 
ehiondrift, 

ion  of  the 
biDBt  their 
y»ii,  or  of 

f  Boutbern 
B,  Chronic 
sh,  as  well 
,  is   often 

the  waters 
di,  and  in 
he  kidneytf 

beir  use  in 
nencrrhaa, 
I  plethora. 

B,  they  are 
yut,  as  well 
the  bones, 

ig  sulphur 
;s,  that^'a 
lost- of  the 


lirtt'JjittSilBi* 


watering  places  in  this  country.  It  is  supposed 
by  luutiy  that  taking  the  water  direotljr  from  the 
Hpring,  contributes  very  much  to  its  efficacy,  and, 
ooiisoquontly,  we  And  tli§  »ick  and  /eelie,  as  well 
as  the  robust,  sallying  forth  by  break  of  day  for 
this  purpose.  *  *  The  water  is  undoubtedly  more 
palatable  when  taken  in  this  way,  but  it  is  not 
more  ^^loootbiM  than  when  drunk  at  the  cabin." 
<( Every  invalid,"  he  continues,  "should  bear 
this  in  mind,  particularly  those  who  visit  the 
White  Sulphur  Springb." 


Thi  Salt  Sulphur  Iodins  Spriko  has  attracted 
increased  attention  the  last  fe^^r  years,  and  a  recent 
analysis  of  its  waters  by  Dr«  David  Btuart,  of 
Baltimore,  gives  a  sanction  to  medical  anticipa- 
tions as  to  its  peculiar  virtues  and  appropriate 
applicability.  The  following  are  the  results  of 
Dr.  S.'sohemioalinvestigations: — 


lODIKE  BPRma 

One  wine  gallon  of  the  water  contains : — 

Solphimtted  hydrogen 10-19  coble  inch«t 

Carbonin  add Uii»        " 

^xy0^^  ************* ***********  ••••■*••*  ••«■••■••••••••  uutxo* 

AauOffBu********* •«•••«•  •**••••**•  •••••*••«*■«*•**•** •fvVw  ■  V  ,„,» 

Total  gaseoas  contenta ^....i ^fUtH       ** 


f.--^ 


208 


mNBIUL  WATXBS  OV  VISQINIA. 


BOLTO  COHTBSTS  OV  09B  OAUiOH. 

Polphale  of  magnesia » 20*00  gnins. 

Sulphate  of  soda  » » -. 24*00  "  , 

Carbonate  of  lime 88*00  " 

Carbonate  of  magneda^ 0700  " 

Chloride  of  magnesium » 00*28  " 

Chloride  of  sodium 01*28  " 

Chloride  of  caldum » .00*S6  " 

Silidcacid ~ 01*7d  "  " 

Caibonate  of  potash .02*88  " 

Carbonate  of  soda ^....10*80  " 

Sulphate  of  lime ~ 68*00  " 

Iodine „ ».. 00*98  " 

Brcnalne 00*65  " 

Sesqui-oxide  of  iron ., 01*06  " 

Alumina 00*18  V 

Phosphate  of  soda  and  lithia ^..... 00*78  " 

Total  solid  contents....,...*^..,..- 172*48      " 

specific  gravity,  1002*7 — reaction  alkaline. 
Temperature  64*76  to  65-50  Fahrenheit. 

This  analysii  presents  this'  water  as  an  interest- 
ing and  somewhat  peculiar  medical  agent,  differ- 
ing in  some  respects  ■  from  any  of  the  sulphur 
springs  in  this  region.     , 

The  discoveiT-  of  wxUne  in  this  wa4»r,  some 
tireWe  years  ago,  hy  Professor  Bogers,  has  led  to 
ito  successful  use  in  various  disorders  for  which 
that  artida  is  known  to  he  a  reliahle  remedy.  In 
adcyillon  to  the  diseases  idready  mentioned  for 
which  the  8aU  Su^ur  .froper  is  advised,  the 
Iodine  Spring  will  he  found  especially  servicrahle 


msm 


^immKSm.-  'SittUk 


BID   SOLPHVB  SntXHOS. 


■OOgnina. 
•00       " 


in  the  various  ^andtdar  affedLionty  mercurial 
rheumatisms,  secondary  syphilis,  enlargements  of 
the  spleen,  hepatic  disease,  mesenteric  obstruc- 
tions, and  chronic  exanthemata. 


CHAPTER  X. 


•48      •• 
alkaline. 


I  interesi- 

at,  difier- 

sulphur 

ber,  some 
las  led  to 
for  which 
ledy.  In 
ioned  for 
ised,  the 
irrioeaUe 


BED  SUIiPHUB  BFBmOS. 

iSittfotiim  and  Imprimmi»ni»—Analiiim-~AdapMion  to  Diaeatai, 
«te.—NaB  Binar  WkUe  Sutphwr  Bpring^—Blue  Sulphur  Bpring. 

Thb  Bed  Sulphur  Springs  are  in  the  southern 
portion  of  the  County  of  Monroe,  forty-two  miles 
south  from  the  White  Sulphur.  They  are  distant 
seventeen  miles  from  the  Salt,  thirty-nine  miles 
from  the  Sweet,  and  thirty-two  miles  from  the 
Blue  Sulphur. 

.  These  springs  have  been  known  and  distin- 
guished as  a  watering  place  f6r  more  than  fifty 
ywrs.  The  improrements  at  the  place  wre 
extensiye  and  well-designed,  combining  eleganee 
with  comfort,  and  are  sufficient  for  the  accommo- 
dation of  three  hundred  and  fifty  persons. 
18» 


810 


uunnuL  WAimts  or  vniotNu. 


The  water  of  the  spring  is  clear  and  cool,  its 
temperature  being  54°  Fahrenheit. 

The  following  is  Professor  Bogors''s  analysis  of 
the  water  of  this  spring : 

"OAOCOUS  COSTEinni  nr  as  tllFBBIAI<  oaij<ok. 

Solphuntted  hydrogen 4*54  caUc  indue. 

Carbonic  add 875  " 

Nitrogen 4-2B  " 

"  BoUd  wntenJta  of  thirty-two  cubic  inches  of 
water,  gr.  1*25,  consisting  of  sulphate  of  soda, 
lime  and  magnesia,  carbonate  of  lime  and  muriate 
of  soda. 

"  Besides  these  ingredients,  the  water  contains, 
in  considerable  quantity,  a  peculiar  organic  sub- 
stance, which,  mingled  with  sulphur,  is  deposited 
on  the  sides  of  the  spring,  and  seems  to  increase 
by  a  species  of  organic  growth." 

Mr.  Augustus  A.  Hayes,  of  Boxhury,  Massa- 
chusetts, hte  also  analysed  this  water,  and 
a{>parently  with  great  care;  The  following  are 
the  results  of  Ms  chemical  examinations : 

"60,000  grains  (about  seven  pints)  of  this 
water  afforded  by  slow  evaporation  in  air  at  800° 
F.,  a  light  yellowish-brown  matteri  which,  after 
it  had  been  carefully  dried,  weighed  M  66-100 
gri.  At  the  temperature  of  240°  F.>  this  residue 
heoomes  changed,  and  Buffers  a  lossof  wei|;ht, 
being  rediK»d  to  17*56  grs.  • 


wmm 


wmm 


wmM 


tXb  BOLPVnVi  SPBINOS. 


211 


id  cool,  its 
analysis  of 


OtLOH. 

bdc  inches. 

u 


inches  of 
9  of  soda, 
,nd  muriate 

ir  contains, 
rganio  sub- 
8  deposited 
to  increaae 


iry,  Mtmar 
vater,  and 
lowing  are 
is: 

i)  of  this 
ftir  lit  200° 
bioh,  «fter 
1»  66-100 
hiszandiie 
of  wei|;bt, 


"  This  residue  contains  tho  saline  part  of  the 
water,  and  is  composed  of— 

Sflidoos  earthy  mktter,  oonUining  traces  of  oxide  of 

iron  and  alumfaia,  probably  suspended  merdy......0'70 

Sulphate  of  soda  in  a  diy  state .-. 8'5S 

which  Ibnns  with  the  water  SOS^pu  Olanber's  salts. 

Sulphate  of  lime,.....»....... 0*47 

Carbonate  of  lime „^ 4*80 

difisolved  in  carbonic  add 
Carbonate  of  magnesia » .4-13 

dissolred  in  carbmiic  add,  and  forming  the  'fluid 

magneda.' 
A  pecnliar  snbstanoe,  eontafaiing  solphor  oxmUned 

with  oigaoio  matter ~......m....7-30 

SO-55 

*'  There  are  traces  of  chlorine,  or  muriatic 
acid,  in  some  specimens,  but  at  most  only  0*03  of 
chloride  of  silrer  could  he  separated  from  10,000 
grs.  of  water.  This  substance  is  rarely  absent 
from  natural  waters,  which  have  penetrated  the 
earth. 

"  The  peculiar  sulphur  compound  which  fonu 
a  part  of  the  saline  contents  of  this  water  has 
never  been  described,  if  it  has  ever  before  bflm 
met  with.  While  in  the  natural  state,  and  out  of 
oonlaotwilh  atmospheric  air,  it  is  dissolved  in 
the  wi^r>  aud  tamoM  a  permanent  solnttmi.  Air, 
adds,  and  other  agents  separate  it  from  the  water, 
in  the  fbmt  of  «  jelly,  and  alkaline  carbonate(r, 
alkalies j  wvtnr,  and  other  agents  redissolve  it. 
It  haa  no  add  ihction  on  test  ^ids,  but  bMrs  that 


ijliliaiiiiiMiii 


i^' 


»t2 


MnnUUIi  WAXBBS  OV  TISOINIA. 


character  with  bases,  and  forms  compoonds 
analagous  to  salts.  In  its  decomposition,  am- 
monia is  formed,  and  hydro-sulphuric  acid  is 
liberated  ;  or  if  heat  be  employed  in  the  experi- 
ment, sulphur  is  separated.  It  combines  with 
the  oxide  of  silver,  and  forms  a  salt  of  a  reddish- 
purple  color,  in  the  form  of  a  flocculent  precipitate, 
which  dissolves  in  pare  water ;  with  the  oxide  of 
lead,  a  yellowish-white  powder ;  and  ^i^h  the 
oxide  of  copper,  a  pale-blue  salt  in  fine  powder. 
In  these  compounds  it  remains  unaltered,  and 
may  be  separated  from  them  and  transferred  to 
other  bases. 

"Mixed  with  a  small  quantity  of  water,  and 
exposed  to  the  temperature  of  80°  F.,  it  decom- 
poses, and  emits  a  most  pffeufive  odor  of  putre- 
fying" animal  matter,  with  hydro-sulphuric  acid 
gas.  It  is  to  this  property  that  the  hydro- 
sulphuric  acid  in  the  water  is  due,  and  to  the 
oxidation  of  i|  part  of  this  compound  most  of  the 
sulphuric  acid  found  in  the  water  mtty  be  refbrred." 

Mrw  Hayes  remarks,  Uiat  <<  Chemical  experl- 
.men^do  not  show  the  medicinal  properties  of  the 
substances  operated  on.  But  when  a  substanee, 
the  «esult  of  delicately  balanced  affinities^  gives 
in  its  decomposition  an  a^^nt  of  powerful  action 
on  the  animal  system,  we  may  conclude  jbhat  it  is 
an  active  ingredient,  if  found  in  a  water  pcMMi«i 
of  high  curative  powers.  I  am  disposed,.  ilNire- 
fore,  to  consider  the  sulphur  oompoui&d  in  this 


iiHli 


BRD  sutfuuR  antorcMi. 


21S 


compoonds 
rition,  ftm- 
ic  acid  is 
the  experi- 
bines  with 
a  reddish- 
pveeipitate, 
be  oxide  of 
i  with  the 
Ine  powder. 
Itered,  and 
.nsferred  to 

water,  and 
,,  it  decom- 
)r  of  putre- 
pfanrio  acid 
the  hydro- 
and  to  the 
most  of  the 
erefbrred." 
cal  experi- 
jrtiei  of  the 
,  anhatanee, 
titiet,  gives 
itM  action 
le  fbhat  it  is 

Med^  iliMUre- 
ind  in  this 


water  as  the  principal  medicinal  agent  contained 
in  it ;  although  its  action  in  combination  with  the 
other  constituents  may  be  necessary  to  produce 
the  effects  for  which  this  water  is  so  justly  cele- 
brated. 

"The  following  results  give  in  one  view  the 
composition  of  this  water : — 

"Oaseous  contents  of  a  gallon,  or  231  cubic 
inches  of  the  Bed  Sulphur  Spring  water — 

Owlmiic  add 6-760 

Nitrogen........ ,, „..;... c-Qis 

Oi^ien... xini 

HydKHnilplnitfc  add..... 0107 

14-M4 

"50,000  grs.  (nearly  seven  pints)  of  this  water 
contain  dissolved  as  gases,  (grain  measure)— 

Carbonie  add.-.. ....»1946 

mtiN)gai...MMUw ».......M « „...  1407 


Cktatai: 


lOfl 


0068 


(( 


60,000  grs.  of  this  water  ^ord  of— 

raidaaaaad  aart^maMir.. ...t........... 0-70 

Salidii^irf'  Ibae.... 47 

Oaiiioiute  of  IbM. 4-80 

•OuinBateof  magmria » 4'18 

dal|dnir'eaaiiKNiiid.~...........»M...........i ............  7-00 


Oaibobk  add. 


»«•#••«••••••••••••••«•••*■••••••••••••••••  •••••• 


9-71 

»io 


314 


MnnnuL  wAtam  ot  vnumtu. 


Mr.  Hayei,  from  chemioal  «xaiiiinatiotis,  comes 
to  th«rconcluBion  that  the  red  color  of  the  matter, 
which  is  deposited  on  the  slabs,  etc.,  etc.,  is  that 
of  moss  or  lichen,  which  finds  its  habitat  in  the 
viscid  covering  produced  by  the  deposition  of  the 
snlphnr  compound. 

The  peculiar  and  distinguishing  reputation  of 
this  water,  as  a  medicinal  agent,  is  for  diseaaes  of 
the  'thoracic  viscera,  and,  by  seme,  it  has  been 
considered  remedial  in  confirmed  tubercular  con- 
sumption. Dissenting  entirely  from  this  high 
olaila  for  the  water  as  a  remedy  in  oot^hmed  conr 
awi^pUon,  my  observations  for  many  years  enable 
me  to  aw^rd  to  it  decided  efficacy  in  many  cases  of 
irrinaim  of  the  pulmonary  ^wgans.*  In  sym- 
pathetic or  translated  affections  of  the  lungs, 
whether  that  state  be  occasioned  from  disease  of 
the  digestive  or  chylopoietic  viscera,  or  be  depen- 
dent upon  the  retrocession  of  some  habitual  dis- 
charge, the  water  deserves  to  be  regarded  as  a 
valuable  remedy. 


•Inrawoikiust  iMoed  ftdm  Ito  PMladiiiplilit  praw,  wtMed 
"  Tht  JCMtnto^"  oor  volume  to  tt/feinAto  Si  ■hpwing;  tbut  tbie 
wstte  aim  "  cm^kmti  oMwump<Jm."  We  need  sceice^  My  to 
cor  GuelblnadarBtluit  it  la  •  mJWtdketdMctfbe  Mcih  aao^takm 
tof u;  sadthatwenerttr  'bMot^M^i0A  «hil  Oiikflr «qr otiier 
ni^ilini^  water  dwdd  be  ze|paded  m  "eottnf '^  Ibsti  m  ▼• 
beliere,  incnnUe  aQactimi. '  We  an  Mtiafled  tliet  the  wnur  <m 
the  pert  of  tlte  •athor  of  "Tiw  MoimtiAi''  wm  eodnly  uoJn- 
teotionsL 


ii 


liiiiijMjiMiiiiliiii 


BID  suLnnni  inmras. 


216 


iobi,  comeB 
bhe  matter, 
Btc.,  is  that 
bitat  in  the 
lition  of  the 


Bpatation  of 
r  diwaaM  of 
t  has  been 
ercolar  con- 
i  thU  high 
i^irmed  oonr 
rean  enable 
tany  cases  of 
"  In  sym- 
the  longs, 
m  disease  of 
>r  be  d^pen- 
labitaal  dis- 
garded  as  a 


lapraM,  entitled 
Knriag^  t^  this 

MchMi«|teion 

l"'  ttst,  M  we 
•t  the  «nv  on 


Dr.  John  Bell,*  in  treating  <^  the  therapeutics 
of  mineral  waters,  remarks  that,  "Sulphurons 
waters  have  beAi  piaoh  landed  in  what  are  vaguely 
called  eftrofMc  difeasef  <^  tke  chettf  and  in  which 
hare  been  included,  not  only  pulmonary  catarrh 
and  bronchitis,  but  also  pneumonia,  pleurisy, 
asthma  and  phthisis  itself.  We  may  simplify  the 
subject  by  fizing>onr  attention  on  the  chief  patho- 
logical element  in  these  different  diseases,  to 
whioh-our  therapeutics,  under  the  circumstances, 
should  be  directed.  This  is  the  chronic  irritation 
and  in&unmation  of  the  bronchial  mucous  mem- 
brane, in  which  mainly,  if  not  solely,  the  medi- 
cation of  these  waters  will  be  found  serriceable  in 
pectoral  diseases.  By  restoring  or  moderating 
when  excessive,  and  otherwise  modifying  ita 
secretions,  we  may  hope  to  remove  simple  bron- 
chitis itself,  and  to  mitigate  asthma  and  chronic 
pneumonia,  congestion,  and  phthisis,  in  a  certain 
stage  of  aU  of  which  ^seases  thwe  is  often  a 
symptomatio  or  secondary  bronchitis.  On  the 
lungs  proper,  in  the  morbid  changM  to  which  they 
are .  snlgeeted  by  chronic  hepartisation  or  bj 
tttbercnlav  deposit,  sulphurous  waters  not  only 
fail  to  exert  any  sanative  or  0(mtroUing  influence, 
but  they  prove  absolutely  deleterious ;  and  in 
confirmed  phthisis,  and  even  in  incipient  stage. 


•MbMBtl  and  Tberaisl  Bpilagt  of  tbe  United  States  sad 
Canadft. 


116 


uamAL  WATiBi  or  yiboinia. 


when  Moompanied  with  febrile  irritation,  they 
accelerate  the  march  of  the  disease. 

*'  It  has  been  contended,  that  when  svch  waters 
are  serviceable  in  pectoral  affections,  their  salutary 
iffects  are  obtained  by  rerulsiye  action ;  determina- 
■  tioa  to  the  skin,  and  increase  of  its  perspiratory 
fancUon,  as  well  as  diverting  the  fluids  from  the 
centre  to  the  periphery.  Such  vesults  are  more 
likely  to  follow  the  use  of  thermal  sulphurous 
waters,  and  still  more  readily  and  completely  if 
they  be  employed  at  the  same  time  as  a  bath. 
But,  while  admitting  this  view,  which  to  a  consid- 
erable extent  is  the  correct  one,  it  ought  not  to  be 
recoived  to  thu  exclusion  of  a  belief  in  the  directly 
expectorant  operation  of  sulphurous  waters.  M 
eminently  diffusible  and  reaching  all  membraneous 
tissues,  so  as  to  be  compared  to  mercury  itself, 
we  cannot,  witnessing  the  strong  action  of  this 
femedy  on  the  secretions  of  the  skin,-  deny  to  it 
those  of  the  i&ucous  membranes,  which  Unes  the 
air  passages. 

"Wem»y,I  think,explain  by  these  two  functbnal 
lotions  of  expectoration  and  perspiration,  under 
the  use  <^  moderate  dotes  of  the  milder  sulphur 
waters,  ^e  diminished  frequenoy  of  the  pulse  and 
th^  aiNitemettt  of  ^brile  excitement,  which  havo 
caused  some  of  them  to  be  regarded  as  sedatives, 
oMiongh  in  fact,  these  are  but  secondary  or 
iadiireot  reSiults;  foquences,  at  least  of  previous 
excitement.    This  order  of  succession  of  morbid 


jiiiiiiMiiiiiiii 


i. 


wn  mtvmoi »  ^*m. 


21T 


tation,  they 

gticli  waters 
leir  salutary 
;  determina- 
perspiratory 
Is  from  the 
ts  are  more 

sulphurous 
ompletely  if 

as  a  hath, 
to  a  consid- 
;ht  not  to  he 
the  directly 
iraters.  ^s 
emhraneons 
rcuxy  itself, 
ition  of  this 
f  deny  to  it 
oh  lines  the 

rofunotional 
ktion>  under 
ider  sulphur 
lepttlaeand 
which  havd 
Misedatiyes, 
tcdndary  or 
of  previous 
I  of  morhid 


phenomena  is  not  unusual  after  the  use  of  admitted 
stimulants  in  th«  class  of  purgatives  and  diuretics, 
as  well  as  when  other  diaphoretics  and  expecto- 
rants hesides  the  sulphurous  are  administered." 
This  summary  of  the  applicability  and  mothu 
optranduot  sulphurow  waters  in  pectoral  i^bo- 
tions,  accords  so  entirip  with  my  own  obserrationt 
and  judgment,  tha#l  insert  it  inth  the  foil 
concurrence  of  my  approbation. 

The  late  Dr.  Hnntt  of  Washington,  itf  hit 
pamphlet  on  tb«  Red  Sulphur,  remarks,  that 
"on  examining  the  visitors  laboring  Under  pul- 
monary* diaMse^  I  obserfed  that  all  tlioee  patients 
who  drank  the  water  so  as  to  ao«  freelf  ott  the 
bowels,  for  any  length  of  time/fid  not  improve 
in  their  health,  bebattii»actiV«  purging  is  not 
proper  for  the  lungs  la  this  ^disease.  The  watir 
must  be  divnk  in  such  qmuititics  as  to  4ot  fteely 
on  tii«  kidneys.  There  seems  to  be  an  intimate 
assooiatloir  balweeft  tiie  lungs  an^  the  k^nsys,  j 
and  the  kidn^  seem  to  be  the  great  eliiittaelories 
by  whieh^hs  lungs  att  retteved  in  im^tnOattfiwrf 
diseases,  ^^us  ideahas  been  t^esAidly  sng|eittid 
to  me  in  my  ttttendanoe  on  pittients  bkbotittg^ 
under  tbia  diseass.  On  i*fttkiaf  into  th^ 
condition,  41i^bavs|l»q«en%^i^  «f  Ib^tetraii 
better  to-d^;  I  b««ftts#«^aHMf  o(^i£(»iis^ii^i»f 
urine^^^hkh  has  aflb«^d«sie  great  relief.^  1%it 
vi^  of  ^e  eontteeti«n  fettmen  tha  lungs  a»d^  tit* 
kulneya  bus  b«6»  eimftmied  by  witneMtof^tki 

19 


St8 


MiMMAfc  wiiam  m  vntuiu. 


dhiffvtio  effBOti  of  the  Bed  Sulphur  water  in  pul- 
mmmtf-  diieMee.  I  have  a  friend,  who  ii  a 
phyiioian,  and  who  has  labored  more  or  less, 
under  polttonary  disease  for  twenty  years.  He 
informed  me  that  whenerer  his  longs  were  dis- 
turbed by  irritation  he  always  resorted  to  'oooling 
dinretie  medioiaes  for  relief.' 

<*  There  wwe  but  few  persons  laboring  under 
the  third  or  last  stage  of  tnberonlous  disease,  who 
■dsitedthe  Bed  Sulphur  thisr  season,  and  among 
those  fow»  theipe  was  scacoely  a  case  that  derived 
any  advantage  from  tha  use  of  the  water.    When 
(  tttl^lESfdoisc  disease  arrives  at  this  stagot  and  the 
'  eonstfttttiojy  is  broken  down,  it  is  not  only  Mselsff 
but  emer  to  kendtbe  pmtient  to  the  Bed  Sulphur. 
l«riia6rrjtofli^,that  sevfral  of  my  patients  in 
^s  condition,  by  my  adviee,  visited  the  Bed 
Sulphur  this  season,  and  I  witnessed  the   bad 
effisots  of  the  water  in  their  oases,  as  well  as  in 
the  oase*  of  otliere  of  a  iimUac  ehaxaeti^.,   ^ey 
w«re  lowing  under  tiiat  peenliar  irritation,  and 
pitflui|»  tOeeration,  of  thebewela,  ao  oommon  i^ 
t9uel|aee<^  the  disease.    Thsy  ifore  uoalde  lo 
tMiiii  tel  m  email  qma^M  the  water^  aad#lie 
mm^tm^yimh  H^  tht^bowela  veie  pntged^ad 
ipdpid;  fit  ..mimi^om;  oC  i^  UcMi^a ^M  ik^ 
inetetied,  andtiie  patie»»g»w.worfed»|ly» 
r>il^!S^  Bed    Sulj^hur .  iiaft/  been    ioonfidered 
ppeeuUacly  a^H^d  to  tha  eare  of  pidqiMHUi^y 
VdisMMpii^Mid  It  it  true  thai  ithaaA  most  ben^Uitil 


^^'IM  mnmm  wnam. 


^m 


ker  in  pnl- 
who  is  a 
re  or  l«u, 
r«ftrs.  He 
were  di»> 
^'eooUng 

ing  under 
WMe,  who 
od  Among 
at  derived 
IT.  When 
Bi  and  the 
nly  «eeleif 
I  Balphnr. 
patient!  in 
I  the  Bed 
I  the  bed 
nell  M  in 

taHoBrmd 
jonunoa  in 
i  noa)d»  Id 
)r,  aa&xthe 

HiS^*  --■  ■  ■ 
iOitinfidwrsd 


inflaence  in  moet  OMee  of  this  dieeaee ;  bnt  lU 
good  effeote  eqnall  j  extend  to  all  oasei  of  ■nhacnte 
inflammation,  whether  seated  in  the  tt^ach, 
liver,  epleen,  intestinee,  kidnefs,  bladder,  and 
mott  particttlnrlyln  the  mnoensjnAinlH'Mie. 

"  It  is  also  used  with  ^gooS  e#ebts  in  ohronic 
bowel  complaints,  leneorrh<aa,  gleet,  catarrh  of 
the  bladder,  and  in  some  forms  of  uterine 
derangement. 

"  Many  persons  arrive  at  the  Red  Bnlphnr,  who 
are  not  prepared  to  nse  the  water,  in  oonseqvenoa 
of  high  inflnmmation,  or  oongestion  of  the  lange, 
or  other  organs,  attended  with  pain  in  the  sHe, 
constriotiion  at  the  breast,  or  hot  and  restiess 
nights,  with  a  qnick,  shiirp  pnlse ;  all  saoh  eases 
must  have  the  vtsseular  exdtement  snbdmd 
before  ^e  water  can  be  taken  with  any  adntn^ 
tage." 


Bs  the  following  dirootions  ibr  the 


Dr; 
nse  of  tiie  nmter 


**  If  tlie  system  should  he  too  plethorie,  or  .too 
mtieli'  eaceited,  the  use  of  the  water  liieuld  he- 
postfoned  nnti^  the  exdtement  lAiidl  he  redneed 
to  n  pte|«r  elatoi  Oomntenee  by  takii^  <mm0tm 
of  wii|«r#t  he^iue^  «wl  one  bef^pt  taraakfisil?; 
afteNi%wdagrs>  tain  two  § kwass  aih»d4lBiie»  nad 
two  bsfiw*  htsaddlM,  «no«l  It  #*<^^  ^;j|.y«nd 
eiftnl#^ii^iiiiv^iiaaii«|»^  wttt^l^evattf  ^fitate 


Monouii 


Off  vntmiA. 


frodij  OB  the  bowolt ;  if  it  ihonld  £iil  to  produce 
ihii  olfeot,  ft  little  commou  mII,  nwgiiMia,  or 
oroftm  of  tartar  mftf  be  added.  If  it  ia  deiired  to 
aot  on  the  kidneji,  inereaae  the  qaantitj  of 
water  to  three  or  four  glaaeee  between  a  light 
topper  and  bed-timOi  and  the  same  quantity 
between  daylight  in  the  morning  and  breakfiut- 
time,  two  glasMi  at  noon,  and  one  or  two  glanei 
about  6  o'olook  p.  m.,  taking  oare  to  exeroiie 
finely  after  drinking.  The  moei  proper  periodi 
fyt  iMing  the  If  ater  are,  at  night  before  bed  tine, 
and  in  the  morning  before  WeakiiMt-time.'' 

t>r.  B.  Ohrisman,  a  well  qoalified  phynoian, 
and  &Torably  known  to  muiy  liiitori  to  the  Bed 
Salphur,  and  who  onoe  resided  there  ae  a  medieal 
a«lf  leer  during  the  waiei^iig  eeaeont,  haa,  in 
naponae  to  my  request,  i^niahed  the  following 
statement  of  Bis  obserrationB  of  the  use  of  these 
waters  during  the  season  of  1867-4S8 : — 
.  *'When  I  iliiit  went  to  the  Bed  Snlphur  to 
|H«etioemy  profi|Ssbn,I  had  but  pow  hopes  <tf 
realiring  any  oeofirmed  proof  oi  its  really 
tttUiable  heplii^  powers.  I  silentiiy  observed  its 
eSseta  upon  i^Uaa  irfUeted  with  Imyitgitii, 
j^im0fkk,  IracMii,  t^gHmia  and  fMM$  in 
mMa^  «f  iHkdt  phases.  Same  were  bad  oafMs,  witik 
BJ^t'Sweats,  emanation,  diarrhoea,  heetio  aoerba- 
tionsy  obstiiauite  oonghs,  profoso  expectoration^ 
with  goneriil  delnlilEy  and.  rapid  feeble  pidse.  In 
seraiil  oaasK  X  saw  notoh  aiiwmdm«ftt  from,  the 


0  produce 
piMi*,  or 
deiired  to 
antitj  of 
R  ft  light 
quantity 
breftk&it- 
ro  gl«net 
i  exeroiM 
ar  periodi 
^bed  iim«i 
le," 

phynman, 
»  th»Bed 
•  modioli 
,  hwk,  in 
following 

of  thOM 

Blphur  to 
hope!  of 
Its  roilly 
Mrved  it0 
1arf»git4$t 


IMWt^witili 

bioMorba- 

ictoration^ 

pidse.    In 

&iom.  Ik* 


BB»  ivunBOK  sranrdt. 


221 


nM6f  the  water* as  lurprised  me;  oonBeqiientljr, 
my  opinion  aa  to  its  efficacy  underwent  a  revolu- 
tion, and  1  now  regard  the  Red  Sulphur  as  a 
medicinal  Meooa,  wortj^y  the  pilgrimage  of  tho 
consumptive,  who  can  couTeniently  mak?  it ;  for 
to  such,  it  affords  not  only  comfort,  hut  solid 
hope,  except  in  the  last  and  worst  stages  of  the 
disease. 

"  I  was  invited  to  examine  the  lungs  of  one  of 
my  acquaintances.  Upon  percussing  the  chest,  I 
found  flati^ess,  positive  dullness  of  sound  over  one 
entire  lung.  Auscultation  evinced  scarce  any 
vesicular  murmur,  and  very  little  air  entered  that 
lung ;  hectic  twice  daily,  pulse  about  one  hundred, 
sometimes  more  frequent ;  complexion  very  sallow, 
etc.  What  was  I  oonsoientiously  to  do?  I 
thought  death  to  be  likely  approachlag.  8)iottld 
I  advise  an  immediate  trip  homeward  to  a  distant 
Southern  State,  in  the  hot  weather  ?  I  determined 
to  trust  to  Providence  and  the  waters;  and  in  a 
short  time  I  saw  this  person  so  far  recovered  as  to 
run  down  a  long  embankment  like  a  c^ild,  and  to 
laugh  until  the  area  around  res<mnded  to  the 
peals. 

"  In  andther  case  which  I  examined,  {be  physi- 
cal signs  were  dullness  on  percussion  fr<m  apek  to 
the  o^tre  of  tl^e  lung,  scarcely  any  vesicular 
murmur;  prolonged  respiration  and  blowiuf^ 
sound;  cavernous  inspiration  and  peehrHoque  at 
one  point,    k  diagnosed  a  large  dry  cavity ;  feisbk^ 


}^ 


■A*.^ 


•h\ 


K/' 


I 


MINCBiL  WATIB»  OF  YnUONIA. 


pale^  emaciated;  pillBe  above  a  hundred,  6%me- 
tiraesebe  hundred  and  twenty,  vomiting  m^Sk, 
hectic  daily;  night-sweats,  diarrhcea,  and  hnma- 
toria.  What  was  I  then  to  do?  I  could  not 
advise  her  to  return  to  her  home  to  die ;  the  water 
afforded  a  better  hope.  In  ten  days  this  lady  was 
talcing  healthful  walks,  and  soon,  good-Samaritan- 
like, she  was  visiting  the  sick,  dispensing  such 
cheer  and  comfort  as  few  conld  give. 

"I  found  much  benefit  from  the  soothing, 
effects  of  the  wliter  in  netiralgia,  in  the  kytt«rQi4 
oiffiBctions  as  well  M  in  nervous  paSpitatiQns  of  ^e 
heart,  etc.  Its  influence  upon  the  pulB»  was  <^n 
noticed.  One  gentleman  assured  me  of  a&ll  of 
sixteen  beats  in  the  piiinte;  uid  in  another 
itistaiioe,  i  heardof  twenty*-five4  hut  I  am  induced 
to  believe  thftt  it  is  only  gradttatlv  and  by  tbw 
dosfreef  that  it  e&ets  a  f  eduction  of  tfa0  pulMi 

"You  desire,  doubtless,  to  know  in  whAt 
diseases  this  water  is  adequate  to  a  p»^«et  owns. 
I  think  in  cases  of  c&rpmo  ii^kmmi^um  oi  wfh 
gresff^  i/  ih$  mvcoM  mr/aeet  bf  thejhxoat,  lan|^, 
stomal*  bowels,  and  genito-ariaory  os^ns. 

**Tkroat  diaaue.—I  can  report  four  or  five  coMs 
xrwre^.  Onci,  «t  |^tt4eiti*&  a|$ed  sixty,  witli^heetic 
fittibes,  bod  cough,  ^cpeotoraftioii  of  vis^  mi^ens, 
pulse  often  a  hundred ;  remainad  four  .'weeks  at 
the  •fttiugSt'-'^iMiirely  well. 

"  Second.  A  young  gentllman  who  hod  a 
oengb,  emadatioB,  <»Ep0ot(Mi»tiQB  of  tisoid  mucus, 


BID  eUlVEOU  SFBIHQS. 


S23 


red,  6^me- 
Dg  m^i^, 
nd  hnma- 
CQuld  not 
the  water 

■  hAy  was 
iiatQaritaa- 
iising  raoli 

)  soothing  . 
a  kyttemH 
Iqbs  (^  ^e 
9  was  <^n 
>f  a  fall  of 
in  another 
im  iuduoed 
nd  %  sbw 
pvlse^ 

■  in  what 
^(Bei  ewe. 
lcQ»  or  «^ 
»at,laDfi, 

t^ttS.:  ,  ,- 

>rfiTe«lllws 
witiii^eetic 
i^mibens, 
r  weeks  «t 

irho  hiMi  A 
Boldmnsiks, 


etc.;  stayed  a  fortnight.    I  hare  seen  him  since, —  > 
quite  well. 

"A  gentleman,  Arom  reading  alond,  had  cough, 
swelling  of  the  throat  in  a  slight  degree,  expecto- 
ration,  debility,  etc.;  duration  of  the  disease, -six 
or  eight  months ;  reports  himself  well.  I  might 
say  the  same  of  several  others  similarly  affected. 

"BronchUia. — A  lady,  duration  of  disease  one 
year,  cough,  nigh^weats,  emooiatkm,  loss  of  odor 
and  streogtii,  congestion  of  the  fauces,  mtieons 
ntW  sHghiljr  at  the  top  of  the  left  lung,  no 
dullness,  h»morrfaage  slight  and  occasional ;  / 
reported  ^nite  well. 

''Another  case. — ^Duration  four  yeaf  s,  occasional 
slight  hamqrrhage,  no  dullness  on  peroussion, 
scarcely  any  rales,  vesieuUur  murmur  beard  oyer 
the  eh^  generally,  palpitations  ,of  the  heart, 
dehil%,  diarrhoea,  rapid  pulse;  reported  mueh 
improved. 

"Third  case. — ^A  young  gentleman  of  PhtUi- 
delphii^  from  exposure  to  cold  hadahsBmorrhage, 
hei^h  Mimakied  bad,  and  was  #  source  of 
uneasittfliB  to  bis  friends.  He  eame  to  theJIed 
Sulphur,  remained  awhile,  and  was  mneh 
benefited;  he  has  gained  flesh  and  strength,  and 
win  retanm  to  qpend  this  wiofter  by  wi^  «f 
protootton  against  a  relapse. 

"  I  saw  one  case  of  chronic  diarrhcea  entire^ 
cured. 

"  Two  ca$es  of  ricariovs  ksBm<Mnrbage  from  the 


\ 


2U 


MnaauL  watmbb  oy  vueiRiA. 


langf :  one  very  frequent  and  profuse,  the  other 
slight^ and  occasional,  (with  derangement  of 
stomach  and  bowels,)  dependent,  as  I  coaoeiTed, 
upon  uterine  derangement;  one  was  cured, .the 
other  reliered." 


NBW  RiyZR  WHTTB  SULPHUR  8PRINQS. 

Tliis  name  is  given  to  a  recently  improved 
•ulphur  spring  on  New  river,  in  the  Gonnty  of 
Giles,  a  few  miles  Southwest  from  the  Bed 
Sulphur.  This  properly  has  been  imi»oved 
within  the  last  five  or  six  years,  for  the  «»ier- 
tainment  of  visitors. 

The  watera  of  this  ..fountain  have  not  been 
analysed,  but  they  belong,  to  the  great  Sulphur 
claM»  90  abundantly  found  in  that  geoldgieal 
region,  and»  doubtleas,  will  prove  valuable  in  such 
oases  as  are  usually  successfully  treated  hy  mM 
Snlphlir  wiMen^ 

Their  «ituatioB  i»  in  a  wild,  romuitio  and 
interesting  monatain  r^on,  affording  fine  fteiii- 
tie*  for  the  sportsman  in  the  «aras«gneiitt  of 
h^ntUis  Mid  fiahttig.  They  are  in  the  immediate 
n««hborfaoed  of  the  eeldtvated  <Sbft  I^mdi  an 
ifiieieeting  n»tQ«*l  euriosity  itself,  and  where 
surrounding  mountain  heighto  afford  the  most 
Mctan^ve  wad  imposing  mountain  scenery  in 
America. 

These  %rings  may  be  reached  by  stage  or 


m&m 


M 


^mm 


m^ 


,  the  other 

gement    of 

ooBceiyed, 

cured,  .the 


improved 

Ck>iintjr  of 

I  the  Bed 

imi«0Ted 

the  mter- 

Dot  Been 
%t  Sulphur 

geological 
ble  imuch 
d  hy  mild 

antic  and 
Me  ftdii. 
nnfliitt  of 
imffiediate 

JPoitdi  an 
md  where 

the  most 
cener J  in 

•ti^  or 


'-J 
>> 


mmm^ 


nni  MiuMivft  ffinra. 


SS6 


K 


f^ 


privaite  oonvii^Mioe  from  tlie  Virginia  rad 
TenMMee  Battroad,  at  Ne#lMni  or  CKrittianibarg, 
or  fro|»  ^e  B«d,  Shit,  or  Montgomery  White 
Snlphatr  Sjpringe. 

%    '  TBit-WtXn  BULVUUK  SPBINO. 

Tir^i|^»llwecf  Jttiki^iPMt  from  the  White  Sid^ 
ph«r,  ii^  4to  a^vvfil  Teeffif  well  improred  and 
pop«kr#»t^g  place,  hat  beett  diieojatinned  ae 
•neh.^  SMven^  yean  hefivre  the  war  it*  ekgant 
huiU^ifl  «w».j|pft«ipriat«4  to  tha  me  of  a  Bap- 
tirt  Oidttilt;  aAd  ib^««  tiM  ««r,  they  were  att 
htirmid,:'':  .  *  .  ., 

Thf  water  $(  tihii  |pi4i%  ii  tpi|r  good;  partikinf 
of  ]^  li^lli^  4«mii^^  the  leading  nO- 
^Jliliplj^a.  -Wh«ivthe%ring 
inter|iprliidip|r4u^n^i>^tie  hoped 
it  s^#;  ihiii  mMi^^riSkmUmr  he  hiouc^ 
agaihill^  pe(||t|||MMi» 


I 


''<<^aatat3S 


lOHlRAL  WAVidS  Of  VIRSIHIA. 


CHAPTBB  XI. 


SWBBT  SPRIK08. 
a»mU$muii4  Built  Bbtktit'mFmimtmA  I^mmi  Impnmmntt 
a  Beterogt,  onA  a$  a  JBoOl,  do^  de. 

TBI  Sweet-fiprings  are  ntnated  in  ft  diftnniag 
▼•Mey  iiiilieeiMtera  ^trwmHj  of  IfonvcwOottnty. 
^0f  *>9  geTenteen  inikff  MmthMhSt  ffem  the 
White  Sulphur,  and  twenty-two  east  htm  the 
QaltSttlphar.  , 

Theie  springe  were  4i«e^red  in  1?84,  b^fjweany 
of  tb*^  oth<Hr  miiMral  inters  i^  this  eeeUon  of  the 
State  were  known.  In,17t4>  thej  had  atirfteted 
«o  .inneh  .attenti«ni,  at  io^^  'be  analysed  l^]|liihop 
Madiison,  then  President  of  WilBan  and  li#^ 
College.      . 

The  heautiM  Ti^ley,  in  whidi  the  spting  it 
situated,  48  about  ire  mites  in  Inngth,  an<lleom 
one-lmlf  to^^three-fonrllMi  of  a  Bftile  in  wMMtli>  and 
is  bptittded  on  the  south  1^  the  Io%Sii«etr8^iig 
Ifoiiiii^n,  iind  da  the  north  by  tite  i^Usi^Mniy. 
The  spring  and  bath  are  sitiskted  in  the  Jlcnirer 
end  «f  a  ranall  hoUow  or  Tdiley,  that  dsdMb  out 
from  Us  base  of  tfaeJlhreet%ring  3£oiiii^ltt>*frw^ 
whioh  the  ground  gradual^  sirdls  on  9itilM  tide. 


IWBKr  svEUias. 


227 


V  -tM^INVIillMIHI 


A  chMmiag 
tim  Oottnty. 
i  &om  the 

it  from  Ae 

sUon  of  the 
lid  »tiriiA«d 

e  fl^iig  ii 
I,  «tc|j|rom 
( wi#l^  wad 

t  the  )oirer 

^'.'dutlMl  out 
iiitiltt^'froi& 
«iib^tide. 


Contiguous  to  the  spring  is  a  grove  of  a  few  old 
natives  of  the  forest,  that  have  fortunately  escaped 
the  axe  of  the  spoiler,  which,  together  with  a  fine 
sodding  of  grass,  give  the  means  of  a  pleasant 
promenade  in  good  weather. 

The  earlier  improvements  of  tiie  place  were  of 
a  rude  but  comfortable  character ;  they  have  now, 
for  the.  most  part,  gives  way  to  buildin^i  of  » 
high  order  of  arofaitectnral  merit,  and  attractive 
in  every  respect.  The  accommodations  at  present 
are  ample  for  mm  or  awen  hwndred  persons,  and  it 
is  the  iateutioa  of  the  proiurietor  loon  to  ealsirge 
them  iu  the  same  style  to  doable  the.exieliaff 
capacity. 

The  Batking^howe  is  a  large,  tastefinl,  atid 
elegant  structure ;  and  the  separate  I'eservbirs,  for 
the  use  of  ladies  and  gentlemen,  are  of  ample  siaOi 
and  admirably  arrant^  to  give  every  oomfbrt  to 
thebai^era. 

The  temperature  (Bell)  of  the  Sweet  Spring  if 
73^  Fah^,  the  same  as  that  whioh,  in  fiag^nd^  by 
a  s^ingil  btuuddr,  is  called  Bristol  Hot  Well. 
Th«re  is  eonsldeirable  rosemblAnee  between  the 
tvote  other  fcipeets,  as  well  in  the  evokiUea.of 
carbS^  acid,  as  in  the  eartbf  aivililiae  metlere 
heliiik#lutldii.  In  «ie Vlr j||iiji  ^Hn j,  ho#ef er, 
iron,iae:lieaa  detected i  wh«i«ai  the  Bristdl  Hot. 
Wen  baa  none  ia  its  eompoiitioii. 


188 


mxiBAL  WAins  or  ynamk. 


m 


B/the  MftlyiM  of  Bowelk,  one  quart  of  the 
BweeiSpring  water  oOnteini  :— 

BaUiM  rabttanoM  In  gaunl......~...... 19  to  18  gnfau. 

But^  mlMttiioM^..............^^....^.  .i«........18  to  M    ** 

The  lAline  snhitanoee  are  snlphate  oi  magnema, 
muriate  of  loda,  and  mnriate  of  lime,  with  a  little 
Milphate  of  lime.  The  earthj  matter  ooniiitoof 
sulphate  of  lime,  a  small  portion  of  earhonate  of 
mi^esia  and  Ume,  with  a  small  portion  of  i^li- 
dons  earth.    - 

Professor  Willism  B.  Bogers,  late  ^  theXTni- 
tersitjr  oCTirgi^fa,  in  the  eonrse  of  his  gediogioal 
sonrey  of  the  State,  analysed  the  waters  of  the 
Sweet  Spring,  with  ^e,foUowipg  results  ;-> 
.  Ist,  Solid  matter  j^oured  hy  evaporation  from 
onel^iindred  cut>io  inehes,  82*67. 

:  A  portion  of  this  is  ooml^ned  with  wator. 

2cl.  Quanti^  of  eaoh  solid  ingredient,  e^tlEttated 
as  perfecUy  free  from  water,  in  one  hund^  onhic 
inches  :«*-  . 


Bii}|iiiat|i  of  Ubm  ~..». 
ftaj^hat*  of  nwgiMiU, 
fidiflM^ofaoda 


••••••««•«••«*«••••«••«••••«•••••••••' 


:„...».......,.. ......  S-TQt 

4-0C7 
vt4a 


»♦•#•»»—>—»•»»«•■•«••»  —WOO i«o— o»o    ' 


OUprid«of 

CUocide  of  edofaaa.................. 

PmnkxIm  of  iMMk  ((wMiukndd6}<«.».M ....»••«...» 

WrttWy  PlWIIWStO  «.M.»IM.MM«.«..MMn....M   M.UMktBMM 


OAriioole  Mid . 


8WSR  wBixas. 


s» 


8d.  Yolnme  of  oaoh  of  the  goses  eontoined  in  • 
free,  state  in  one  hundred  cubio  inchei  of  the 
water :— 

GftrtKniic  AnfL*««*«*w*«**««««»*«***4«**«*»«  ••••••••••••••••••••••vc  it 

Nittogm  ...«.«...♦«••••••••••••••••••••• i...«.«»«^«»« w  1 W 

Oxygen - ••  *>»«* 

Snlphnretted  lijdfogw, » traee,  too  mall  to  be  wmmtni. 

4th.  Composition  of  one  hundred  cubic  inohea  of 
the  mixed  gases  rising  in  Bubbles  in  the  spring  :— 


.-n-7 


The  fikii»f  diytingnishing  feature  of  this  water  ia 
the  predomiiMnee  of  the  carbonic  acid  (ftzed  air) 
which  it  contains,  and  it  is  properly  regarded  «i 
the  best  example  of  the  acidulous  waters  that  is 
found  in  our  country. 

Few  tniner&l  waters  have  acquired  such  fiwhion- 
able  and  well-merited  celebrity  as  the  Sweet 
Springs.  The  name  is  calculated  to  ofmrey 
erroneous  impressions  of  their  taste,  whidb^  is  like 
a  solution  of  a  smaU  quantity  of  a  catoareons  or 
magnesian  carbonate.  The  excess  pf  ^rbmiic 
acid  gives j  howevier;  the  water  a  bridcness,  pro* 
dnctire  eC%  very  di^ent  elBfoot  on  the  pi^te 
from  w^al  an  imperfect  mixtura  of  the  earths 
woi^  produce. 

Tlie  first  «f(Bet»  of  thk  water,  due  to  its  tempera- 
ture and  gaseons  eont^nia,  jM^hett  dntnlc,  «fe  aM: 
ingof  warmth  at  thie  etoqilMshf  witii  a  aensa^n  of 
fnllnestof  the  head,  and  some  e^dincsi.  Tatcen  at 


iimrti>«i<in>iiiii«iitiiT 


MornuL  WAxiitf  or  vxiouriA. 


■toted  intorVali  in  moderate  quantitj,  it  will  pro- 
daee  •  moieture  on  the  skin,  and  increase  the  flow 
of  arii^e.  If  the  etomaoh  be  in  a  good  stote,  it  gives 
additional  appetite^  and  imparts  fresh  vigor  to 
the  system.  Its  operations  on  the  bowels  rty  at 
first ;  but,  after  a  more  protracted  use,  it  will 
generally  be  found  to  increase  a  oostire  habit. 

The  Sweet  Spring. water  is  senrioeahlo  in  ihe 
varieties  of  dyspepsia  accompanied  by  gastrodynia 
or  spasm>  with  pains  occurring  at  irregular 
intervals,  and  heart-burn,  where  the  extremities 
are  oold  and  the  skin  torpid.  In  secondary 
debility  of  the  digestive  canal,  from  the  exhausting 
iHMts  of  summer,  or  in  chronic  diarrhcea  and 
dysentery,  without  fever,  or  not  snstoined  by 
hepatic  inflammation,  inucH  good  will  be  produced 
,  by  the  Jnternal  use  of  these  wateN. 

If  much  gastric  irritotion,  or  evident  phlogofis 
of  the  liver  be  present,  with  a  parched  skin  and 
other,  phenomena  of  fever,  it  will  be  V  tter  to 
premisisone  er  two  small  bleedings,  ibUQWod  by 
tiie  uae  of  a  blue  pill  at  night,  and  a  tnmblcf  ful 
or  iwQ.of  the  water.  tQ  which  has  been  added  a. 
teai^oqnfol  of  Epsom  salte,  or  twice  the  quantity 
of  Cloned  magnesia,  early  in  the  morning. 
>  The  harassing  cough  to  which  young  persons 
are  (kWM$onaUy  subject^  and  which  often  has  ito 
origin  in  an  e nftehled  state  of  tiie  stomach,  or  in 
scrofulous  iwbito  from  the  enlargement  of  the 
bronchial  gl^itda,  as  also  the  tmii  JtmnmUm  of 


"    «»«WjiKl)W' 


twill  pro- 
«e  the  flow 
lie,  it  gives 
b  vigor  to 
ele  vary  et 
se,  it  will 
habit, 
bio  in  ibe 
mtrodynia 
irregular 
iztremities 
aeoondaty 
)«baiiitiDg 
rrhflMi  and 
itained  by 
iprodnood 

phlogofie 
I  nUnand 

better  to 
llowed  by 
amblcf  fnl 
a  added  n 
».qnaniity 

g  periont 
mhmt  its 
lob,  or  in 
it.of  tbe 


IWmirKINCM. 


281 


old  people,  will  all  be  materially  benefited  by 
the  uto  of  thete  waters.  '  The  relief  afforded  in 
such  oases  as  these  has  usually  given  Bristol  Hot 
Well  its  reputation  in  the  core  of  pulmonary 
consumption. 

Females  who  have  become  enervated  by  long 
confinement,  or  from  nursing  their  children,  and 
whose  constitutions  have  'suffered  for  want  of 
exercise  and  fresh  air;  will  be  greatly  benefited 
by  the  use  of  these  waters,  internally  and  at  a 

In  subacute  rheumatism,  ahit  in  nelilllgic 
attadfii,  tbe  Sweet  Spring  bath  is  often  eminvnUy 
usdftil.  In  the  closing  stages  of  acute  rheumatinn, 
the  paUent  is  oftefi  harassed,  witb  a  lingering 
irritability  of  bis  system  wltb  tenderness,  pain 
and  inability  in  the  dlscMed  joints,  sometimei 
attended  ^rith  slight  feverishnestf  especially 
toward  the  close  of  the  day. 

In  sitbb  caseSi  wbile  hot  or  warm  batbing  wdflAd 
be  itf|nrioni,  tbe  baths  of  the  Sweet  or  ^iNreet 
Springs  ibay  be  resetted  to  witb  the  belt  ^fi^scti. 
The  me  of  the  tpowtt  \n  snob  cases  is  raluibie, 
by  placing  the  diseftsed  part  under  the  filling 
water,  ind  allowing  it  to  i^eoeive  the  dash  for 

a  iibort  time* 

A  very  eAcadous  way  of  applying  this  water 
to  tlie  surface  is  by  cfoudto— ithe  itream  being 
directed  to  the  part  in  whibb  the  diecttie  is 
Mituatk^^berever  there  is  "  au^enied  iieat 


^mimm 


fei,^8^5»*W**l''3*S'**«<H.'« 


S8S 


Mnrnui.  wahm  w  timimu. 


and  fixed  pain,  m  otot  tti«  itomaoh,  or  li?er,  or 
abdomon  genemlly,  above  the  pnbUi,  or  on  the 
loini  and  Mwram ;  alio  to  the  Joint*,  when  the 
violenoe  of  inflammation  haa  not  yet  inbred, 
nor  paieed  entirely  into  the  chronic  state.  If  ^e 
irritation  of  the  stomach  forbids  the  drinking  of 
the  water,  ekntoking  tho  epigastrium  would  form 
a  good  preparatlre  .for  its  use  in  this  way. 
LtuiAaffo,  with  some  OToning  feyer,  cAIorom  or 
Jhur  oJ^,  with  heat  and  pain  «t  the  loins,  wonld 
be  benefited  by  douching  this  part. 

"  As  we  should  hare  inferred  from  the  excess 
of  carbonic  acid,  and  the  presence  of  earthy 
carbonates  in  the  water,  it  is  useful  in  calculous 
and  nephritic  complaints." 

The  Sweet  Spring  wkters,  internally  and  ex- 
iternaUy  employed,  are  adapted  to  a.  large  circle  . 
of  cases.  As  a  tOnic,  in  cases  of  pore  debility, 
they  may  be  used  with  ^reat  confidence,  always, 
howerer,  regarding  this  as  an  aphorism,  tibat 
iheymre  eemtrthindieaitd,  and  ihovid  be  miUuld «» 
ctJI  oases  Id  fffhiok  there  i§  foeUive  vmgettUm  «a  any 
4f  like  vital  cuifam. 

The  fint  sensation  on  immerdon  in  the  Sweet 
flipring  bath  is  a  slight  shook,  which  speedily 
paesiii  off,  learing  the  bather  with  the  most 
agrfliiable  sensations  while  he  dii^rt*  himsdf  in 
ti&  q^kling  pod. 

The  freedcNn  and  adrantage  with  whiek  tiiis 
iHrili  kai  been  med  bf  aged  penona  is  evidmiw  of 
ita  g<?neral  safety. 


.^ 


.j^m^^^mmm 


m 


»r  li?er,  or 
or  on  the 
,  when  the 
(  inbred, 
to.  If  the 
Irinking  of 
roald  form 
thii  way. 
ihloroti*  or 
una,  would 

the  exoeM 

of  ettrthf 
D  oftloalooi 

ly  and  ez- 
irge  circle 
e  dehUity, 
Ml  *lw»ye, 
riiBi,  ti^t 

the  Sweet 
h  ipeediljr 
the  noit 
hioudfin 

rhieh  thu 
nridmictof 


In  using  the  beth,  **  the  chief  points  to  be 
attended  to  are,  that  the  ikin  should  not  be  moist 
or  cold  with  perspiration,  nor  that  there  shall  be 
general  chill,  nor  the  languor  that  follows 
excessire  muscular  action.  The  stomach  also 
should  be  nearly  empty,  or,  at  least,  not  actively 
engaged  in  its  work  of  digMtion."  Many  persons 
are  injudicious  in  remaining  too  long  in  the  bath. 
From  two  to  ten  minutes  will  erobraoe  periods 
adapted,  to  every  condition,  and  only  the  most 
robust  should  remain  in  the  last  mentioned  time. 
In  a  large  majority  of  cases,  indeed  in  all  cases  in 
which  there  is  much  general  debility,  from  ivfoto 
five  minutes,  according  to  cironmstanoes,  will 
embrace  the  proper  periods  for  remaining  in  the 
bath.  It  is  often  advantageous  to  batlie  twice  or 
thrice  a  day,  and  this  can  be  dond  safely  in  all 
cases,  provided  the  patient  does  not  remain  too 
long  in  the  water  at  any  one  time. 

Dr.  Woodville,  who  resides  at  the  springs,  in 
a  oommunication  he  has  been  so  kind  as  to 
address  to  mo,  remarks  tl|at  the  therapeu^  action 
of  "the  water  is  that  of  a  tonie,  alterative, 
powerful  diUretie,  and  occasional  cathartic.  From 
the  union  of  so  many  purgative  salts,  we  would 
natarally  infer  its  cathartic  action  to  be  constant ; 
thia^  how9ver,  is  not  always  the  case,  as  in 
frequent  instances  the  opposite  condition  is  the 
resulfc" 
.  As  a  loNJOr  Ke  slates  that  H  is  successfully  used 


¥"■ 


iiiiiji  rni--riinnifci<W^wpfc^,.  ■^'^,  |iii_n|.iMiW]iniMnij*j  iWj«.*tf*^ 


._..»^U«WHl 


234 


HiNnuL  irAxns  m,  yiBaoriA. 


in  oliTomc  diseases  connected  witk  delMlitx ;  as, 
for  example,  in  certain  formi  of  dyspepsia, 
amett<^rb<Ba,  chorea  and  hysteria ;  in  Qhroniodiar^ 
rhesa  and  djsenteiy,  and  in  passive  hssmorrhage. 
In  dropsy,  Arom  its  union  of  tosio  and  diuretic 
qualities,  it  is  eminently  useful. 

In  sterility,  especially  when  connected  with 
membranous  menstruation,  it  is  looked  upon 
almost  as  a  specific. 

In  those  cases  where  the  use  of  iron  is  peculiarly 
indioated  it  aets  well.  The  amount  of  iron  held 
in  solution  is  not  large,  but  in  the  action  of 
mineral  waters  upon  the  animal  economy.  Dr. 
W.  properly  remarks,  the  effects  are  not  propor- 
tionate to  the  quantity  of  any  single  ingredient. 

"In  thif  matter  nature  (wems  to  be  somewhat 
f^mceopathic,  and  it  may  be,  that  the  iron  being 
belditt  perfect  solution  by  means  of  «n  eimMMof 
carbonic  acid,  its  full  operation  is  obtained." 

Dr.  Woodville  remarks,  ihat  in  soom  forms  of 
nephritic  disease  the  water  is  highly  beiieficialj 
and  in  caloul<«saSiBctions,  08  we  would  uatMnally 
oetu^Lpde,  from  an  examination  of  its  ooalysif ,  qo 
miflMiral  water  could  proimee  greoler  beii^« 
ObMrvatioB/  Ke  remarks,  ha*  showii  ibis  to  b« 
ftf  ease  in  «  remarkable  degree,  as  t6mAjj^&mi»i 
whtf'iiaTe  been  once  relieyed»  «;»  in  tht\lu^||tf 
retatning  annually  to  the  eprini^  to  pmeoi  a 
recurrence  of  their  malady.  - 

In  cases  of  bilious  dexfiigeineii^  Dr.  W^  mc^ 


■I  fl lYi  il 'i   iiTiiiiiliaiiliiairtlrlfe 


■WMI 


>UUtx ;  at, 

irooiodia^- 
»morrltage. 
ad  diuretic 

Boted  with 
oked  upon 

ipeenliarlf 
'  iron  htid 
atition  of 
notajf  Br. 
Mlt  propor- 
ngredient. 
somewhat 
iron  hetng 
L  exceM  <»f 
led." 

leforBMof 
ttendlcial, 
I  iBAi^Krolly 
DalyiifjDO 

*kiftlft  Im 
pbtwaia 


S5'ft's'S.JiS?^SjS?^v5S 


.-HitMMrHiMlilias.  236 

Biderfl  :thikt  iV«».|i|  ftioinlaiing  propejrties,  H  aaay 
oftenjbtf  as&d  |f».«d^iiat^  tbftt,  for  iteraoiMi 

enervated  by  ftJ^aDig  neiide^ee  in  wftrm  cliin»te», 
mimmfiii  w4%  can  i^odoce  b»ppier  results. 


ft: 


^ 


CHAPTER  XII. 

BWESt  CDaALTBSA.TB,OR  BXP  SWWH  WBmGB. 

Thtir  Afuint^^«»»*^  «Ml  JbdiehitA  AHigiiabm  «f»»  mm 

Osft^uile  north  of  jllio  Bweet  Springs,  on  tho 
road  loading  to  the  White  Bnlphm-,  and  jntfc 
within  the  4onthern  border  of  Alleghany  Oottnt^r, 
are  the  StABwmb  Sjprin^t. 
>  This  prop«r^  was  originally  owne^  Mid  im^ 
proved  hf  Mr.  Philip  Bodgers,  who  f6it  mm0 
yearn  k^pi-tiio  old  Sweet  Springs.  J^bost  the 
year  184&,  it  beeaine  the  property  of  ^ohii  Ik 
S^psbn,  Bst^^'irho  oecupied  it  for  sevttiilyeaii 
and  ftill'lRVthev  improved  it  It  then  paiMd  Into 
th^  Iwnda  pf  H*.  C'Pas,  fonnwrly  o£  Mwiifii^ 
TenpiMsae^  ir^o»  diiriftg  the  war,  sold  it  to  tha 
py«mi^ffO||irie|«c>  Xr».  Kelly. 


m 


MnrBRAL  wAtmu  <m  mMoaJi. 


.  This  property,  embraeing  aboal  1,700-  acres  of 
land,  affovdi  one  of  the  tnraft  prodtictiTe  farms  in 
ilie  H^te-r^  yerjr  great  cooTenienoe  to  a  qtring 
establislunent  In  reference  to  its  sulkies. 

The  improvements  subservient  to  the  ipringsare 
sptaeiotts,  well-designed  and  oomfbrtable,  and  are 
sufficient  for  the  accommodation  of  from  three  to 
fenr  hundred  pisrsons.  Amtmg  them  are  well- 
designed  and  j^adona  bathing  poob  for  gentlemen 
and  ladies,  each  affording  a  dottehe  from  the  use 
of  which  the  bather  may  ofteii  derive  most  essential 
benefit. 

With  other  improvements  to  be  bronght  into 
use  the  present  year,  are  ladies'  and  gentlimien's 
bathing  grooms  fitted  up  for  reoeiting  io^or  «Mirm 
dotiU  of  any  desired  ientpeiratnro. 

ThjQrearetwo  medicinal  springs  at  this  estab- 
lishment, the  one  a  few  paces  beloir  the  hfltel, 
essentially  the  same,  both  in^^aaliiy  and  tem- 
perature, withi^e  old  Sweet  Swings;  indeed,  it 
maybe  regarded  as  idefitici^ai#  same  water. 
Tia  other,  some  forty  i^ds,>  perhiqpi^^j^ 
hotd^^isin  nkany  respects  l|ke  it,iHit  eontaiuing 
»  mneh  larger  ^antity  <Kf  iron,  fil;^,  ifeing 
iNttiiiit^  d^wiited  ia^liMNiritfpnid  pre- 
cipitate, has  gtveii  it  the  tmanr  «f  JJbi^^M^. 

*ho  water  of  ^e  J^tl  iS^^r^  wl^      the 
fliulracleMstb«at«ri>f  tlM^ace^iwI  m^ 
Upon  both  for  driolcittg  aii^  |atl^g|^MliAiiift 
beowih  heavy  and  iiip«gid»r  UtttiiioflMbiil^ 


.j.i'i!.i#jp6!'M''>;Jii*.S^'T;S'j!!y-.** 


aac 


asY 


rOO-  acres  of 
ve  jbrtos  in 

0  a  sprtog 
ies. 

liptingiare 
ih,  and  are 
>in  three  to 

1  aire  ytell- 
r  gentlemen 
om  tbe  use 

D8t  essential 

• 

roBght  into 
Ijeivtlemen's 
id  or  warm 

this  estab- 
H^e  lietel, 
r  and  tem- 
;  itiile^,  it 
iuae  inMser. 
,  aWe  ibflk 

oonlaitiiog 
lii<^i  iM^ng 

ft  x#d  j^e- 

ii^  i»  the 
nvepiteHed 


at  the  head  of  a  narrow  cove  formed  by  a  pro- 
jecting hill  on  one  sideband  on  the  ot^  by  large 
masses  of  porons  stono,  probably  deposited  there 
from  the  Sweet  Spring  water,  which  once  flowed 
in  this  direction. 

There  are  here  three  fountains,  separated  by 
narrow  stone  partitions,  but  all  running  into  one 
commit  sluice.    The  upper  and  b<4destof  these 
fountains  is  about  two  degrees  colder  than  the 
two  lower  ones,  and  evidently  contains  less  of 
ferruginous  matter.    The  water  issuing  from  all 
of  them  is  probably  two  hundred  and  fifty  gallons 
in  a  minute. 

The  water  of  the  Bed  Spring  has  been  twice 
analyaed,  firtt  by  Bowelle,.attd  «»en  by  Professor 
Rogers.    According  to  Bowelle,oa«  guar*  of  this 
water  contains-— 

OiilMHiite  of  liBM.u^..«.....i..i»...—~—""  ••••••••••  4**™* 

CutmiMte  of  BnfBiMia>.Mi. '»••••<  •m..m<...m.....«v 

OariMntlB.of  lioii,«,,w.....'.... —.••."••••••••••"•••♦"" 

BI1BZ*...m«...m*....««..... .••*•.****•*****'  •*....•••••*  ....••© 

Sidpbstc  of  JStiffutiiB'tf''tt''— "—•'•—•"""'*"*'"*■ 

Mi^fittoC  M<ia**~* •••**»""********'"***** >*;"*■ 

Iran  MnbtaMd  i..«..~>«...M.*.*>.M..""*~*»*"******-^ 
Ou))<niDMid. 

The  Mowing  is  the  result  of  an  analysia  by 
Profewojr  Sogers,  of  this  water : 

1st.  flcOid  roattw,  procured  Iv  evaporation  ftw 
one  hundred  cubin  iadies,  weighed,  after  b^g 
greatly  dned  At  112^  40  76. 
Aporti«»9f  thiaiKombinedwater. 


l»ijiitririiiljji|i^M^iitiiliiili|iiiijtii»illil»i»»W 


im/ 


mNiRAL  wAftiM  Of  tnawiA. 


2d.  QttantitjTof  each  solid  ingredieQt  estimated 
«•  fvfkQiXj  free  from  wAter.  In  one  hundred 
oabi<6  inches : 

8«Iplui«e  of  mm ...............;..i.„.......l4-M8 

So^tlMte  of  aMgnaria -».....„.....,„.*»....i...  ^KW 

Rni|iMt0  IK  •puft«..»«.»M.,.,.„„.,,.,,,„„,,„^,,,,,„,  ^  1^400 

CtgrboiMte  of  lime......... „ „.....„ „..,„  i.j<|0 

Ohioilde  of  aodium 0K)B7 

CailQrtd(B<MriiMgattrigm ......^...,i (MMO 

€adeiide<tf  caId«iii..,.,.H.........«„..„.,........„.....VlHttO 

nfiiQnioxlflA  of  in)a.....»..M.....i..ra.M m>...  0*890 

Ql«wiio  matter  la  amtO)  qnaatitfM. 
Ibdtne,  •  mere  trace. 

iHie  iron  is  no  doubt  dissolyed  in  the  water  as  a 
carbonate. 

Sd,  Yolume  of  eiMh  of  the  gases  contained  in  a 
free  state,  in  onc|  hiindted  enbie  inches  of  the 
water: 

C^Hmiio  aoid.............„....M  ...........#*tO  eaUo  indbw 

Ntegpn, !!....„....„ ^....,„.  J'W         " 

Oi7l<n............... -80     •    « 

Bi^QMtted  iT^iqgeB,  a  tTMii,  to6  imiA  to  W 

^th.  OomposiltOtt  of  one  hundred  edbic  inches 

of  the  mixed  gases  rising  in  bttbbli»  in  the  spring ; 

mirdgea ;..!........;... ......—............,  ......„«j'8 


OartM^add.. 


i»e»«M«#<U»M»»«««^  •#„»#„;  „,.,„,,,^^^,^^jy*^ 


.  arfttore  of  l^eBbd  Spring  i#ater,  is  it 
issms  firom  three  di«ireii«  heidl^ia  from  ts**  fe, 
t9«t  Frequent  examinatidns  of  this  spHng  irith 
•r^ormometer  indtioe  me  td  believe  tha#  its  teitt^ 
P«ri*ure  is  slightif  variable,  uever  rzc^edfng; 
howret er^  one  or  tvt^  dogi^  ttf  vkix ' 


A. 

Qt  ef  timated 
me  hnQdred 


•.••••i.l4'S88 

»U..  t>107 

..^. .  vm 

(H»7 

<W» 

iHttO 

••»«••  (HMO 


e  water  as  a 

otaiQed  in  a 
ehes  o£  the 

u 
w 

btnumauei. 
tile  iipHng : 

^ater^isit 
loth  W^to 
iptiiigirith 

CXO#JMKDg, 


The  aoalysei  of  the  Bed  Sweet  and  Sweet  Spiring 
waters,  by  the  same  chemist,  show  th^  Uiey  eon^ 
tain  essentially  the  same  ingredients,  llmt  in 
different  proportions^  both  the  adUa  and  the  $«««» 
being  more  abundant  in  the  former.  The  chief 
difference  in.  the  medicinal'  effeet  of  the  two  ipraten 
is  probably  owing  to  the  larger  quantity  of  trod 
held  in  solution  'the  Bed  Sweet.  While  the 
Sweet  Spring  o  n  ^ins  of  iron  0'061  grains  iii  one 
hundifed  onbic  inches  of  its  water,  the  Bed  Sweet 
in  the  same  amount  of  water  contains  6 '320,  or 
about  four-fifths  in  excess.  This  goes,  so  far  as 
analysis  can  be  satisfactory,  to  prove  its  higher 
tonic  power.  The  iron  in  this  water  exists  in  the 
form  of  9  carbonate,  held  in.  solution  by  carbonic 
acid  gas,  constituting  the  mildisst,  and,  at  the 
same  time,  the  most  effident  preparation  of  our 
ferruginous  waters. 

While  the  carbonic  acid  gas  in  the  Bed  Sweet  is 
4110  grains  against  37'U  in  the  Sweet,  the  car- 
bonates as  a  whole  largely  preyaiV  in  the  latter. 
Again,  wKik  tbe  sulphate  of  lime  it  mucb  tht 
largest  ia  the  Bed  Sweet,  the  sulphates  of  mag* 
nesia  and  iod»,  both  aperient  in  their  ebaracter, 
decidedly  predominate  in  the  Sweet  Spring  waters. 
It  may  be  noted  thai  tbcKke,  in  small  quantity,  k 
found  in  the  Bed  Sweet)  and  not  in  the  Sweet ; 
but  its  qmaatity  isdoubtlew  very  smally4nd  I  am^ 
not  awflore  of  any  peculiar  effects  of  the  water  th^r 
can,  with  flWf*»»n^»  ^  "^i^******  ^  *^*  agent. 


rt^M'm^ 


240 


MIMBRAL  UfA'OaU  Off  YUtCOlfU. 


U  may,  poicibly,  exert  some  benefloi*!  inflaenoe 
M  f  tonio  in  oombinftUon  with  ilie  other  ingre- 
dientsi  |*roin  a  renew  of  the  ani^jrws  of  these 
two  intereitiug  waters,  ••  well  <m  from  oheerva- 
tilon  of  their  effirata  on  diieaae,  it  would  q<^  be 
▼erj  inaoearate  to  aay  that  the  Bed  U  the  Sweet 
%>ring  water  wi^  »  strong  irtm  haie.  But 
medioal  Aien,  who  should  look  oloselj  into  the 
peouliarities  of  ronedial  agents,  will  find  upon 
c»reful  scrutiny  ot  these,  that  the  difierence  in 
the  amount  and  (»mbination  of  their  materials 
must  modify,  to  some  extent,  their  therapeutical 
agency  upon  the  human  system,  and  that,  acoOTd- 
ing  to  the  practical  object  they  wish  to  effec^  they, 
should  select  one  or  the  other  of  them.    V 

As  «  general  rale,  it  Is^f&lUH^ous  to  adopt  the 
analysis  of  a  minerol  water  as  a  guide  in  its  ad- 
ministration. Although  an  analytic  aacofMot  as 
can  be  obtained  in  the  present  stute  of  oheniioal 
scienee,  is  an  important  assistant  humdarsttnding 
^a  general  iiitare  of  rjunedial  waters*  «id  in 
^ag  M»  ti»  foemation  of  genoral  eoaeht^oos  |n 
relation  to  th«n^  stiU  aetoal  obserration  of  the 
pscttUar  effects  of  these  agents  is  gr^atlj  more 
sa^^fiietory,  «n^  ftr  ^oie  to  be  re^  iqK»i. 
'ICinferal  wat(^  often  pM««e  effei^  upott  the 
animal  economy  tiia^  are  not  indicatedvby  their 
aaalysesj  ani},  in  some  easM,  they  prodis^jreanlts 
that  «o  diret^X  O0iiir«-indicatod.  But,  is  x«f^ 
once  to  these  particular  watcir«,  there  seiems  to 


mnm  spbihcmi. 


241 


\l  ioflttenoe 
ther  iagre- 
lee  of  these 
>ni  obMrvA- 
old  Q<^  be 
k  the  Sweet 
htm.  Bat 
I7  into  the 
find  upon 
ifference  in 
materials 
kerapentical 
lat,  aco(Hrd- 
effec^  they. 

»  adopt  the 
le  in  Hi  ad- 
«cofxeotas 
tf  ohentioal 
lenttn<Uiig 
mt  Mid  in 

lion  «|  the 

B|NE»n  the 
idvhj  their 
Np%f«ialt8 
i^i,,l»OB^er> 
a  iMNHDM  to 


he  quite  a  ooncorrence  hetween  the  indications 
afforded  hj  their  analyies  and  actual  oheervaiion 
as  to  their  effects. 

With  hoth  of  these  lights  hefore  us,  we  are 
forced  to  regard  the  Bud  Spring  water  as  heiag 
more  decidedly  .tonic  in  its  influences  upon  the 
system  than  the  water  of  the  Sweet  Spring,  and 
somewhat  more  exciting,  too ;  hence,  all  the 
cautions  that  have  been  urged  in  reference  to  th« 
contra-indications  of  the  use  of  the  Sweet  Spring 
water,  apply  eren  with  more  force  as  to  the  use  of 
this. 

From  the  same  lights,  we  also  learn  that,  as  a 
very  gentle  aperient^  and  a  mild  and  sometihailt 
less  exoiUng  Umia,  the  Swtet  Springs  hare  the 
preference,  and  especially  in  such  cases  as  do  not 
admit  or  require  the  use  of  chalybeates.  The 
dinrOid  eflSsct  is  about  the  same  from  the  use  of 
either  water. 

These  general  principles  may,  to  some  extent» 
I  hope,  indicate  the  class  V  oases  that  will  bi 
most  benlfited  by  one  or  thi  othcf  of  tbesa 
springs.  But  it  must  be  confessed  l&at  the  sul^oQi 
is  someiUnes  an  intricate  one,  requiring  a  fpU 
knowledge  of  th«  oase«  with  a  carefiil  comparatiTo 
estimate  of  the  powers  of  the  two  waters,  to  de- 
cide vith  certainty  under  the  use  of  which  the 
patient  will*be  most  benefited.  There  is,  how" 
ever,  a  large  class  of  oases  that  wiU  be  essentially, 
if  not  equaUy  benefited  by  the  use  of  either  of 
21 


Ui 


MnffnuL  WAimuB  or  vnavxu. 


thoM  water*.  To  inoli  omm  m  require  the  me  of 
the  ir^  tania,  the  Bed  Bweet  water  is  peculiarly 
well  adapted,  and  may  he  preaorihed  with  great 
oonfidenoe. 

Both  internally,  and  ac  a  hath,  the  Bed  Sweet 
waters  are  adapted  to  nnmerons  diseases.  As  a 
tonio  in  oases  of  nerrons  ddbility,  or  of  general 
prostratiotti  the  result  of  prior  riolent  disease, 
they  may  he  used  with  great  oonfidenoe.  In 
d^QM^psia,  partiouXariy  wAea  ooimeeted  tm*(A  ffeutro- 
djfnia,  and  irregular  pains  in  the  stomach,  with 
want  of  tone  in  the  alimentary  canal,  they  may 
he  adrantageously  employed.  In  Gattralgia,  or 
nerrons  dyspepsia,  after  the  force  d  the  disease 
has  heen  softened  down  hy  th^  use  of  medidnes, 
or  alteratiTO  mineral  waters,  they  deserre  the 
highest  eommendation.' 

Owtes  of  dironie  diarrhoea  hare  he^n  cured  hy 
the  Bed  Sweet  waters,  after  oth«r  springs,  aiore 
commonly,  reoommended  for  that  disease,  have 
fii^iledt  to  giTe  relief. 

Hbgkple  dehili^  of  the  utwine;  and  urinary 
fimSons/  is  very  generi^y  heneflted  hy  these 
waters,  S^permatorrhmat  trnH  that  peculiar  nervona 
.proetpatioB  connected  with  ezcessiTe  or  imjproper 
indu^eiiees,  are  very  happily  treated  %y  ihem, 
where  regard  is  had  to  the  stat«  of  the  spFstein  in 
ooiineetiott  with  their  use.  they  i?e  pro^tibly 
pntsorihed  in  dehili^y  resulting  firom  exhaupjftng 
dlioharget,  proTided  such  discharges  have  li^  no 


-  -'^""-^Miriii 
ws-srs!*-'- 


•wm  nsuQB, 


248 


the  iiM  of 
peculiarly 
nrith  great 

Bed  Bwoet 
Ml.    Ae  a 

of  general 
Dt  diieaee, 
lenoe.  In 
nth  ffostro- 
nach,  with 
,  they  may 
itralffia,  or 
the  dlseaie 
medidnea, 
leeerre  the 

n  onred  hy 
ringijinore 
have 


nd  urinary 
I  by  theie 
iiar  Berrona 
r  imjpreper 
hy  thttin, 
(grstem  in 
I  profttihly 
eihaitiAing 
laveleit  BO 


Mat  of  irritation  to  whioh  general  excitement 
may  cause  a  rapid  afflux  of  flnida  with  increaeed 
Mnaihility. 

Ladiea  who  are  lahoring  under  debility  from 
long  confinement  or  nuraing, — thoae  whoee  health 
has  become  impaired  from  want  of  exerciie  in  the 
open  air,  as  well  as  those  who  have  been  enerrated 
by  leW}orrh<Bat  or  other  exhausting  causes,  will  be 
greatly  benefited  by  using  the  water  and  bath.     . 

In  Nmiratgio  affections,  unattended  with  organic 
lesion  or, obstruction,  this  water  is  used  with  very 
general  suooess,  and  rarely  foils  to  ameliorate  or 
core  such  cases.  The  writer  has  great  cause  to 
speak  filTorably  of  this  spring  in  neuralgia,  not 
only  from  its  success  in  a  large  number  of  patients 
for  whom  he  has  advised  its  use,  but  especially  in 
.his  own  case.  In  the  tummer  of  1842,  he  spent 
several  weeks  herCi  usin^  the  water  internally  and 
as  a  Iwth,  Ibr  a  soiatio  neiuratgia,  under  the  painful 
effects  of  which  he  had  been  entirely  prostrated  for 
several  months.  To  describe  the  great  and  almost 
instant  relief  which  he  derived,  would  denti^nd 
the  lanffoage  of  enthusiasm.  For  mbre  thutt  two 
months hehad  been  unalile  to  turn  in  hie  bed> 
and,  during  fttl  this  time,  was  under  an  agony  of 
suflforing  ^hich  none  but  a  neuralgic  oiiB  oottpre^ 
hend.  ^    , 

B^e  ueing  Ihe  water,  he  underwent  a  three 
w;eelu'  opnrse  of  preparation  at  the  While 
Sulphur,  whicli,  while  it  did  not  reUeve  the  paiti. 


S^(SJJ-^P»"- 


ssiiS*sw*s**" 


natiiii^iJMiifcitir''  ■ 


^liSI 


it, 


j.i»».ffcm.itm^.. 


MnriKAL  WAiBf  or  vnoiiqA. 

bronghi  his  general  syitem  into*  faTorableoondi- 
tion  for  the  nie  of  tonice.  Unable  to  lit  up,  he 
WM  conveyed  lying  upon  a  bed  in  a  carriage,  to 
fbie  place,  and  immediately  entered  upon  the  uae 
of  the  water.  The  effiwti  were  ae  remarkable  at 
tbey  were  prompt  and  happy.  In  a  word,  he  here 
ibund  a  ipeedy  and  eflbotnal  remedy  for  this 
Protean  and  painful  dlieaae,  after  all  other 
veniediei  had  fiiiled. 

In  ipeaking  of  the  waters  of  the  Bed  Sued  and 
ISkceei  JS^nga,  I  wish  to  be  understood  as  allnding 
to  the  6fltfA«,  as  well  as  to  the  internal  use  of 
the  waters.  In  a  large  majority  of  cases,  the  bath 
is,  doubtless,  the  most  prominent  agent  in 
eiboUng  a  cure.  Merely  cm  a  bath,  there  is 
probably  little  difference  in  the  effects  of  the  two 
springs.  The  temperature  of  the  Bed  Sweet  is 
two  M  three  degrees  inirmer  than  the  Sweet. , 
This,  in  aome  cases,  might  be  a  di£brenoe  of 
imporiwice,  and  not  to  be  overlooked  by  the  physi- 
(rinn  or  the  invalid. 

The  effaots  experienced  after  coming  out  of 
thefe1»aths,  provided  the  patient  has  «ot  indulged 
hiinself  in  them  too  long,  are  as  remarkable  as 
.^ey  ftre  agreeable.  They  dlAr  widely  from  the 
eftN#  of  an  ordinary  colii'^tii.^  Thvn  is  an 
elMticity  and  buoyancy  of  body  and  spirit  that 
nUkkes  one  feel  like  leaping  walla  or  oleariBg 
ditches  at  a  single  bound,  ^his  cannot  ba  from 
^  absorption  of  nny  of  the  materials  of  tiie 


'tS'Z^  "'<-"•  • 


fWlR  snuHM. 


246 


»bleoondi- 
ilt  up,  he 
urriftge,  to 
m  the  nse 
irkahle  m 
rd,  he  here 
r  for  this 
all    other 

Sweet  and 
If  alluding 
lal  use  of 
I,  the  hath 
agent  in 
,  there  is 
»f  the  two 
[  Sweet  is 
lie  Sweet., 
flbrenoe  of 
the  pli7«i- 

ig  out  of 
t  indulged 
Mtkable  a« 
r  from  the 
liere  is  an 
ipirit  that 
r  bleiutiBg 
t  he  from 
^s  of  tiM 


water  by  the  cutaneous  vessels.  The  few  minutes 
that  we  remain  in  the  water,  especially  the  rery 
short  time  after  the  stricture  of  the  skin  from  the 
first  plunge  has  passed  off,  forbid  such  an  idea. 
May  it  not  be  owing  to  a  stimulant  impression 
imparted  by  the  carbonic  acid  gas  to  the  nerves  of 
the  skin,  and  by  sympathy  extended  rapidly  over 
the  whole  body  ? 


CHAPTER  Xai. 

HOT  BPRIllQe. 

ijyMi  ^  »0  Wattn  JMtrmOif  af>4  SMtrmiOii  Umir-A'.   '#*- 

Thb  Hot  Springs  are  sitnated  in  the  Oomly  of 
Bath,  thirty-five  miles  northeast  from  tbr  white 
Sulphur,  and  twenty-one  west  from  Mnlboroogh 
Depot.  Ck>mfortable  bathing-houa^r  have  been 
erec<«d  for  the  aeccssimodation  b<m  of  male  and 
female  patienta.  In  eaoh  of  theaif  houses  MitlaUa 
arraagemants  ara  made  for  ttfteg  the  mwi  tut 
^im^ebath,  as  may  ht  denrdf ;  «  for  woeferi^ 
the  dondle  when  ift  tmj  he  rehired. 

"There  e  ^  «ix  bathe  ayihie^ace,"  saysl^. 


■•MMiMmMI 


iiYiii»)ir^irfriji'ri'i|i|i.iii 


''^.'"'"i^'lfiiifU'M'j  j!:  [li^tjtis^^ 


246 


UirBBAL  iTAIttS  OF  VIBaiHIA. 


Goode,  "  each  sapplied  witb  water  from  a  separate 
spring^  they  range  ia  teniiperatare  from  100^  to 
106°  of  heat.  The  effecte  of  these  waters  in 
disease  prove  that  they  are  highly  mddicated, 
tfaongh  they  are  considered  hy  many  as  simple  hot 
water.  They  are  known  to  contain  sulphate  alid 
carhonate  of  lime,  sulphate  of  soda  and  magnesia, 
a  minute  portion  of  muriate  of  iron,  oarhontc  aeid 
gas,  nitrogen  gas,  and  a  trace  of  sulphuretted 
hydrogen  gas ;  and>  when  used  internally,  some 
of  the  consequences  are  such  as  we  might  expect 
from  our  knowledge  of  their  constituent  parts. 


(( 1 


ThcM  waters,  taken  internally,  are  anti-acid, 
mildly  aperient,  and  freelj^  diuretic  and  diapho- 
retic.'  But,  when  used  as  a  general  hath,  their 
effeets  iao  great,  and  excel  all  expectation.  They 
equaltM  an  unhalaneed  drculatbn,  and  thereby 
restore  the  different  important  parts  of  the  system 
when  torpid-r>that  natural  and  peculiar  sensibility, 
updn  the  existence  of  whieh  their  capacity  to 
perfoi^ni  their  serer*!  functions,  and  the  beneficial 
action  of  all  reme^JMv  depend.  They  relaii 
ikHitraeted  tendons ;  excite  the  aetion  of  absorbent 
lessdtei;  pro>inQte  glandulftr  sedretion;  eicert  a 
m&rlsed  and  salutary  inflnehee  orer  theUHa^y  and 
ttrinary  systems,  and  often  relieTe,  ia|a  ehort 
time,  exornoiating  pain,  caused  by  palpabto  and 
long-standing  diseaiw  in  some  yita^<Nr|^n."  - 


ifivipr  ^^/^H^ivn  ^ 


'".'?'tl.'?''  ;'.!?!j^'^''y '*' ''.  i'l»>*i'**"*"««' 


Hos  KnaxM. 


m 


a  Mparate 
m  100°  to 
watera  in 
oddioated, 
simple  hot 
Iphate  alid 
magnesia, 
botticaieid 
[phuretted 
ally,  some 
;ht  ezpeoi 
i  parts. 

anti-acid, 
id  diapho- 
Nith,^  their 
)n.  They 
d  thereby 
ihe  system 
ensibility, 
ipaciiy  to 
beneficial 
ley  reliui 
absorbent 
;  ei»f  t  a 
»ilia»yaiid 
tt la  short 
}able  abd 


n. 


»> . 


These  waters  are  suited  only  to  chronic  condi- 
tions of  the  system.  Dr.  James  Johnson,  of 
London,  after  eniunerating  the  diseaitss  in  which 
Thermal  Waters  are  inadmiatiile,  adds,  **BvA 
there  is  a  long  catalogue  of  chronic  disorders,  to 
which  thermal  medicinal  water*,  both  internally 
and  externally-  ai^lied,  prove  extremely  useAil. 
Thermal  waters  act  in  three  principal  ways  on  the 
human  ma(^ine:  let,  through  the  medium  of 
sensation,  on  tKe  nervous  system ;  2d,  through  the 
agency  of  their  tempertUure,  on  the  vascular 
system ;  and  3d,  by  means  of  their  diemioal 
contents^  on  the  secretory  and  excretory  organs. 
In  moat  chronic  complain^  and  especially  in 
rheumatism,  gout,  cutaneous  defadations,  neu-*^ 
ralgia,  dyspepsia,  glandular  swellings,  and 
visceral  obstructions,  there  is  pain,  uneasiness  or 
discomfort  of  some  kind,  which,  indeed,  consti- 
tutes the  chief  grievance  of  the  individual.  It  is 
no  unimportant  matter  to  soothe  those  sufibrings 
during  the  process  employed  for  the  cure;  The 
warm  bath  effects  this  purpose  in  ikn  eminent 
degree,  through  its  agency  on  the  sentient 
extremities  of  the  neirves  distributed  over  the 
Bur&oe  of  the  body.  There  is  «n  «Et(Misive  chain 
of  sympathiasestablii&ed  betwe«iitiie  skin  anct  tiie 
intentil  viwei^  and  through  the  medium  of  iSiif 
chanueli,  agreeable  sensations  excited  on  the' 
eo^erMT,  are  very  «ften  oommuiuoated  to  thaesiitfMil 
orga^  and  t^nidwre§  tkemielves.    Even  in  this 


-.1 


I 


I 


jgjiitlji^.ilstiai'M^ 


848 


minmAL  WAvns  oi  visaiinA. 


irs7,*torpicl  Moretions  are  frequently  rovied  into 
a/etiifiif  and  improved  in  quality,  while  the 
secretory  apparatus  itself  is  reliered  from  a  hott 
qfp(Ut\fia/edingi." 

These  waters  hare  hee;>  analysed  by  Professor 
William  B.  Sogers,  formerly  of  the  University  of 
Virginia.  The  saline  ingredients  in  one  hundred 
cubic  inches  of  water  are— 

•  ■ 

OHtwostoofliiiM • ~ .....  7-018 

0«HMiiukte  of  nagnpri*. 1'8M 

Snl^isteof  Ume.. - —  1»« 

Snlpfaste  <tf  iiiagnari»» ».......:.....  1*889 

Snlidiaie  of  ■oda.. „~,...» .« l'M8 

Gbfawide  of  toi&m  tndimigpfiriam,  «Bb  » tnuie 

Proto-cuboiMie  of  ina.....~...i .v..... ~~  (MJH 


SU&k. 


•••♦•••••••••••••••••••••••••••* 


The  free  gM  consists  of  nitrogen,  oxygen,  and 
oa?bottip  acid  gas.  It  also  contains  a  miore  trace 
of  S9l|;»h.  hydrogen. 

The  heat  of  the  human  body,  n  asoertiained  by 
inserting 'the  bulb  of  a  tberm(»neter  under  the 
tong«e,  is  about  96<>-HM>metimes  al  high  as  98° ; 
and  *^ese  degrees  seem  to  be  the  same,  with  little 
twtlfttton,  inaH  parts  of  the  world,  neitherjaiiKted, 
in  the  healthy  body,  by  the  he&t  of  the  torrid  nor 
1%»oold  of  thefHgid  aones.  But  this,  however, 
lilates  only  to  the  internal  t«BtpKratitre  of  ^) 


mn^  8»iN0B. 


249 


body ;  the  heat  of  the  skin  is  very  variable,  And, 
generally,  considerably  below  the  degree  of  animal 
heat.  This  arises  Arom  the  great  cooling  process 
of  evaporation,  constantly  going  on  over  the  whole 
sarfiftoe ;  its  sensibility  to  all  external  impres- 
sions, and  its  exposure  to  the  atmosphere,  which 
seldom  rises  so  high  as  '98*',  even  in  the  highest 
heats  of  summer. 

From  a,  view  of  these ^caoMS,  we  will  easily  hti. 
led  to  perceive  why  a  bath  heated  to  98°  gives  a 
strong  and  decided  sense  (^-  warmth  to  the  skin  ; 
and  a  sensation  of  slight  warmth,  rather  than  of 
chilliness,  is  felt,  oven  several  degress  below  this 
point. 

Whenever  a  bath  is  raised  above  the  degree  of 
animal  heat,  it  theft  becomes  a  dirwt  dimuha  to* 
the  whole  system,  rapidly  accelerates  the  pulse, 
increases  the  force  of  the  circulation,  jrenders  tiie 
skin  red  and  susceptible,  and  the  vessels  full  and 
turgid. 

The  teipper^are  of  the  Hot  Spring  hatit|| 
ranging  ^om  100°  to  106°,  must  b^decid^dlfr 
«<»inti2anl,  and  the  more  or  less  so  according  to  the 
particulM  bath  employed.  It  is  probably  to  thiegir 
stimnlanl  |M>wer  that  we  (ure  mainly  indebted  for 
their  ciu^tive  virtue.  The  soothing  and  tran- 
quiliniiig  efects,  which  often  follow  their  use, 
'Ate  the  result  ^  their  sanative  iii4l««ftce  ift  hring- 
ing  the  orgAoism  into  a  normal  condition. 

B^)>aJt$ii  Me  potent  and  positiire  agents.  When 


i|Bititrritil»iii:iJ.iiui«Mw>j»!Jiii'fiV 


iPH 


■w 


m 


MnraRAL  wjom  (m  tiboinia. 


applied  to  the  human  bodj  they  are  never  oegatiTe 
ia  t|ieir  inflnences,  bat  will  do  either  mooh  g ood 
er  nmoh  harm,  aoooording  tolifae  judgment  and 
•kill  with  which  they  are  empl<^ed. 

Their  •timulant  infineno^  ibrhid  their  we  in 
all  acute  diieaset,  and  they  are  cootra>indicated 
in  such  chronic  caies  as  are  attended  with  high 
Tasoular  excitement,  or  exalted  nerTona  snscepti- 
hility.  There  nre,  neye|thele8i,  a  large  nnmher 
^{eknme  diseases  in  which  hot  bathing  constitutes- 
the  moit  rational  and  the  chief  reliance  of  the 
invalid.  But  thiese  potent  agents  should  never  he 
prescribed  merdy  for  the  nmm  of  a  disease, 
however  carefully  its  nomenclature  has.  been 
selected.  The  precise  tteillUnft  Moto  tf  ihe  tydem, 
vhatev«r  may  be  the  |»athdlo^  of  the  disease, 
«i^t  «twiys  1»  be  carefully  looked  to  before  a 
Laurie  of  hoir  bathing  is  directed. 
-^I^lli^  lis^  emia«Btly  nsefol  in  most 

eaaM  of  cJMtNito  rheumatimr  *ad  in  the  va^ns 
iokmi  6fgoitt.  In  local  |MraI|PRs,  oooaaion«d  by 
lleilMof  any^of  thftWineral  poisoni,  <»  in  metas- 
tasis of  gout,  rhenmadiwa^  or  other  diseases,  ^ese 
lii%s  ttiay  b»  used  wiiW  j^  effiol.  C7^roiwo 
lii^iW&/  e^^oially  if  «oii|iecM  with  a  gouty 
di^eite ;  dte^nm^  connected  with^  deftet^ve  or 
idtiated  seore^oas  of  the  membrane  ef  ik«  «»; 
lAd^MtlMM,  or  otiier'pi^nfal  in^riesoif  the  joints, 
are  oftetf  much  belMited  by  tkenif  of.^li»ths. 

Dkum$<^  m  IMna  v6|i«n»i^  mvlkm  m»mov- 


'  'Omi, 


fmmmmmiB 


EA. 

eyeraegftthre 
r  mitoli  good 
adgment  and 

[  their  lue  in 
itrft'indicated 
sdwith  high 
rout  BQscepti- 
arge  oiii&her 
Qg  ooni^tutot- 
tiance  of  the 
onld  never  he 
of  a  disease, 
re  has.  heen 
qyT  <Ae  tyttem, 
:  ^e  disease, 
d  to  Wore  a 

Mefol  in  most 
%  the  fatloiis 

Kiaui<tm4:  by 
I,  OK  in  m^as- 
lineases,  ^ese 
(^.  C7l*twtc 
with  a  gwttjr 
t  d^etiTe  or 
9  of  tho««T; 
oif  the  joiiita^ 
of^Mhs. 


not  anuncM.  SH 

rhoea,    painfal   dysmenorrhoea,   etc.,   are   ofton 
greatly  relieved  here. 

In  some  of  the  more  obstinate  forms  of  KUo 
derangements  these  haths  are  used  with  happj 
effects,  particularly  th«  hot  dovthet  when  appli« 
over  the  region  of  the  Hrer  to  relieve  the  torpc 
of  that  organ. 

There  has  already  heen  so  much  written  on  th#| 
medical  applicability  of  thermal  tecUert,  that 
have  not  thought  it  necessery  here  to  do;  moi 
than  to  lay  down  a  few  general  prinoiptes  to  guidi 
the  invalid  in  their  use,  and  to  allude  to  «om^ 
particular  diseases,  fur  the  cure  of  which  the  Hot 
Springs  are  known  to  he  well  adapted. 

Th6  cause  of  the  high  temperature  of  thcrUEal 
springs  has  long  been  a  matter  of  curious  q>ecttla- 
tion.  Some  have  attributed  it  to  the  agency  of 
electricity ;  hut  this  Must  be  regarded  in  the  light 
of  an  ingjdnious  speculationi  rather  than  the  result 
of  observation  and  &cts.  It  is  very  common  now 
to  regard  the  phenomena  as  the  result  of  <«lec^oal 
influencesj  principally,  perhaps,  because  we  IcnowL 
the'  agent  to  be  very  potent  and  pervading,  hti 
partly  because  of  our  ignorance  of  the  genend 
laws  b^  which  electrioii^  it  governed.  Butwhi^ 
ever  the  fkcti  tttay  be,  there  seems  to  be  no  proof 
approximating  to  a  reasonable  probability,  that 
eleetTMnl^  ia  in  any  way  c^Qceiraed  in  pfCNcUieiiig 
the  high  tempemtiae  of  l&apicml  w«tin*B. .       C- 


.^^UplVJar  Jw*-* 


sn 


MIiriBAL  WAfHUB  OT  TOandA. 


Another  theory,  and  one  which  eliciti  the 
largept  amount  of  credence,  perhaps,  from  loientific 
men,  alleges,  that  "  the  heat  of  thermal  spripgs 
is  owing  io  the  central  heat  of  the  glohe,  and  that 
it  inoreaaas  in  proportion  to  the  depth  from  which 
thejr  proceed. ' '  The  jphilospher  Laplace  emhraced 
this  theory,  and  it  is  I  hetieye,  held  hy  most 
geologists.  It  is  urged,*  and,  to  some  extent,  is 
w^l  maintained,  that  the  **  temperature  of  the 
earth  increases,  as  we  descend  into  it,  ahont  one 
degree  for  ev«iry  hundred  feet ;  and  if  the  increase 
continues  in  this  proportion,  we  should  arrive  at 
hoiling  water  at  the  depth  of  less  than  three 
miles. "  In  proof  of  this  fKt,  the  regular  increase 
of  temperature,  as  workmen  have  decended  into 
Ihe  earth  in  bwing  the.  arfonon  well  at  Paris, 
sow, eighteen  hundred  feet  deep,  and  throwing 
out,  hy  a  suhterranean  power,  an  immense  Yolnme 
of  warm  water,  might  be  cited.  But  whaiare  we 
U>  do  with^he  apparently  refuting  fact  ezhiluited 
in  the  salts  wells  at  Kanawha  in  our  own  Btets  ? 
Several  of  these  wells  have  been  bored  to  the  depth 
of  tfaeUen  or  aevetUten  hmdredfeety  and,  as  we  are 
informed,  without  any  appreciable  increase  of 
tempMature.  .  ^         ■ 

0&uet  thewists  suppose  that  thermal  springs 
owe  their  twmperature  to  circumscribed  volcanoes^ 


•  8m  PrafeSMsr  DildMay'a eatay,  infM  fiHxtli  Bepoi  of  tbe 
ArMMi  AModsifatt  Stf  Our  iidMiiMia^ 


ss},^*t 


■•w- 


elieiti  the 
»infoientific 
nal  tpripgs 
1)6,  and  thftt 
from  which 
ce  embraced 
Id  hj  moat 
e  extent,  is 
htnre  of  the 
i,  about  one 
the  increase 
Ld  arrive  at 
than  three 
liar  increase 
cended  into 
11  at  Paris, 
d  throwing 
ense  Tolnme 
whaiuewe 
3t  ezhiUted 
own  Stats? 
to  the  depth 
d,  M  we  are 

inoTMie   of 

» 

nal  springs 
i  yolcanoes, 


HOI  mvaaB. 


263 


and  that  such  springs  are  a  sort  of  safety-valve  to 
those  subterraneous  conflagrations.  It  is  well 
known  that  an  earthquake,  or  an  eruption  of  a 
volcano,  has  often  produced  a  change  in  the 
temperature  of  thermal  springs  that  were  even 
at  some  distance  from  the  place  where  these 
phenomena  occirred. 

There  is  still  another  theory,  "that  supposes 
that  the  heat  of  these  springs  is  produced  by  cer- 
tain prooesses  going  on  in  the  interior  of  the  earth, 
and  that  these  processes  are  attended  with  an 
absorption  of  oxygen  and  a  co^isequent  extrication 
of  caloric."  In  the  absence  of  any  positive  know- 
ledge On  the  subject,  this  theory  would  seem  to  be 
sustained  by  as  much  probability  as  any  of  the 
others  that  have  been  alluded'  to.  But  this  is  a 
subject  that  falls  strictly  within  the  province  nf 
geology;  and  the  zeal  and  success  with  which 
that  science  is  now  being  prosecuted,  afford  ns 
reasonable  grounds  to  look  to  its  votaries  fix 
some  elucidation  of  this  ourious  topic. 


iBepwkofthe 


^^%ti^^yf^^>v^^>^afe^^J^jy^^^r^y^^|wf^4^«'fe^^^^^"*f'*^'*^^^'y^»'W*^iW 


,i;ii.'tai».,^iw|.,"'Ji.. 


364 


MnrBBAL  WAXUS  or  TIXaiKU. 


CHAPTER  XIV. 

WARM  SPItmC38. 
Atmlifilt    TkM  (md  JfantMf  ^   tMng — Dimam  ftr 

Tbi  Warm  Springs  are  situated  in  a  narrow 
Ta]«|  at  the  western  base  of  the  Warm  Spring 
Mountain,  in  the  County  of  Bath,  fifty  miles  west 
of  Staunton,  and  five  miles  northeast  from  the  Hot 
Springs.  They  are  among  the  oldest  of  our 
watering  plaoes,  having  been  resorted  to  on 
aqoount  of  their  medicitfal  virtues  for  more  than 
eighty,  years.  The  property  was  patented  by 
Oovernor  Fauquier  to  the  Zetms  family,  in  1760. 
for  many  years  it  was  owned  by  the  late  Br. 
Jnhn  Brodcenbrough,  of  Bichmond,  who  devised 
it  to  his  two  grandndaughters,  also  the  grand- 
daughters of  the  distinguished  Dr.  Chapman,  of 
Philadelphia. 

Several  of  our  medicinal  fountains  claim  to  have 
been  known  and  appreciated  by  the  aborigines  of 
the  country.  In  reference  to  this  particular  one, 
there  are  many  tales  related  by  that  venerable 
class,  the  oldest  inhdbitantB,  of  the  discovery*  and 
use  of  its  waters  by  the  Indians. 

It  is  a  matter  of  sober  history,  that  rery  loon 


WAKM  mXROI. 


S65 


a  narrow 
m  Spring 
miles  west 
txatbeHot 
it  of  oar 
}d  to  on 
more  than 
tented  by 
, in  1760. 
I  late  Br. 
ko  deTised 
be  grand- 
apman,  of 

im  to  have 
trigines  of 
cular  one, 
venerable 
otery'and 

rery  loon 


after  tbe  diioovery  of  tbe  Warm  Springs  by  ciril- 
ized  man,  they  became  celebrated  for  their 
curative  qualities,  in  various  diseases,  as  well  as 
for  the  mere  luxury  of  bathing ;  and  that  they 
were  frequented,  at  much  labor  and  fatigue,  by 
great  multitudes,  before  any  other  (save  the  Sweet 
Springs)  of  the  valuable  watering  places  in 
Virginia  w6re  known. 

The  waters  of  the  Warm  Springs  have  been 
analyzed  by  two  distinguished  chemists,  and  with 
such  discrepancy  in  results  as  to  afford  indubitable 
evidenee  that  an  analysis  is  not  to  be  implicitly 
relied  on  in  the  administration  of  mineral  waters. 

The  following  is  the  analysis  made  by  Professor 
Wm.  B.Bogers: — 

"  The  large  bath  is  an  octagon  thirty-eight  fell 
in  diameter;  its  area  is  1163-77  feet.  Tbe  ordi- 
nary depth  being  five  feet,  (it  can  be  increased  to 
six,)  the  cubic  capacity  is  6818-86  feet,  or 
43,533'32  gallons;  notwithstanding  the  Zedfet, 
this  quantity  of  water  will  flow  into  the  reservoir 
in  one  hour.  The  average  temperature  of  i\il$ 
bath  is  98**  Fah.  The  gas  which  rises  in  the  bath 
consists  of  bitrogen,  with  minute  quantities  of 
sulphuretted  hydrogen  and  carbonic  acid . 

"  Beiides  this  gas,  each  gallon  of  water  oontaini 
4*6  Qubio  inches  of  gas,  consisting  of— 


mtrogoLn....-..*  ~».>..-  ~ » ......  ......8*95  eatdo  tedisa 

BUttliurBttod  hrdrocni.* .MM.....w...(r29 

^^  •  ^  ^^  ^  _Aja  M 

OflrtM^o  eol(ka.......**M*..M««HM«M.«..«.fi'vv 


hit  J.  M.'i 


te^ssteliiiwfe-^.''"^'^  ^'^ 


.MB'-L  ■' '%tLt^mf'k4Mh&Ar^ 


256  MiwiaAL  WAfiM  ot  f^tiuuiriA. 

"  The  laline  oontonto  of  one  g*llon  of  ihei  water 
are  oi,  follows : — 

Solplnte  of  iingii«i%(BpMiinnlto,).M....»  ........  V-OM 

OuflMMUtc  of  UiM». 4-S88 

Snlplwte  of  Bum. ....»» 5-46e 

And  ft  trace  of  lodft - (HMO 

28-7M 

'  The  following  is  the  analysis  of  the  Warm 
Spring  Water  by  Mr.  Hayes  of  Bozbnry,  Hassa- 
ohnsetts  :* 

"  In  physical  characters,  this  water  resembles 
ordinary  chalybeate  waters.  Recently  drawn,  it 
is  elear,  colorless,  and  in  some  degree  sparkling, 
▼hen  agitated.  Its  tasfe  is  styptic  or  ferruginous, 
leanng  the  impresiion  of  a  large  amount  of 
niinerisl  matter  being  present.  Agitated  in  the 
atmosphere,  it  becomes  turbid,  and  deposits  in 
filaments  an  ochry  matter,  consisting  of  oxide  of 
iron  and  organic  matter. 

"The  dissolred  gaseous  matter  is  carbonic 
aoid^  with  nitrogen ;  no  oxygen  is  present.  By 
h«at  it  is  rapidly  changed,  the  deposit  of  ochry 
matter  inoreasirg  in  density,  while  gas  is  disen- 
gage^. 

'f  A  standard  gallon  of  this  water,  weighed  at 

W*  Fahrenheit,  aiforded  the  following  proximate 
constituents : 

'I  '" '  '  I     ,1 1|.    .. 

*]Qiunl  Springs  <tf'\^igiiiift. 


f  the  water 
l-9as  H 

t«*M   VnRXI 

5'4M 

<HNW 

moA 

the  Warm 
iry,  Mmio- 

>  reMmblei 
'  drawn,  it 
aparkling, 
vmgiDoiM, 
amount  of 
ited  in  the 
iepoaits  in 
i>f  oxide  of 

a  carbonic 
reseqt.  By 
it  of  ochrj 
ui  is  diflen- 

weighed  at 
prokiuate 


WABM  ffUNOf. 


267 


IMliMMt  Sulphuric  add. 9-*^  gntu, 

OMbonkswjid .".••  9%10  " 

BlUdcackL OW)  » 

Oi|«iloaekl 1*838  '^ 

9dllMM:   Ppiwh  II 0*741 

AmmoBiik. 0-110  " 

Lime    8-90«  " 

Magnodfi 0-444  " 

Protoxide  of  inm 0-078  " 

Alomin* »....  0-280  " 

89-888  gnia*. 

"The  change  produced  in  this  water  by  expotnro  . 
to  the  air,  or  by  heating  it,  indicates  that  the 
protoxide  of  iron  exists  in  the  water,  united  with 
organic  acid.    When  silver  salts  are  mixed  with 
the  freshly  drawn  water,  the  decomposition  which 
follows  is  not  attended  by  the  coloration  which 
humic  and  apocrenic  acids  produce.    The  deposi- 
tion, too,  is  largely  mixed  with  oxide  of  iron. 
These,  with  other  considerations,  induce  me  to 
state  that  the  protoxide  of  iron  is  united  with 
crenic  acid.    In  the  further  apportioning  of  the 
bases,  by  which  we  theoretically  make  up  the  salt* 
supposed  to  exist  formed  in  this  water,  the  mag- 
nesia and  alumina  are  combined  with  hydrous 
silicic  acid,  to  form  a  compound  soluble  in  carbonic 
acid  and  water.    The   remaining   bases,  then, 
oonstitttte  salts,  which,  through  the  influence  of 
chemical  affinities,  are — 


} 


if^titif^'imf 


mxm 


'  "i|tiiiiiiMIMMntTirir"i'  """"■'-'" 


SftS 


vjomAL  wAim  or  tnfluiu. 


8«]ph«t«  of  poutah. „^...„ M  t't71  ff^M. 

Solidukt*  <rf  unmoala. „>....  O-tM  «* 

Bolpluito  of  UiM. „ 14-081  " 

OuboiuM  of  Ubm 8-tM  - 

CnMt*  of  Iran. „ „  t^ttS  " 

SlUaUtoriMfBMkuidafaiiniu „  1-784  •• 

OMtoaio  aokL». > „»»........  «-919  - 

SS-MI  gnliUb 

"In  the  preliminary  examinetion  of  this  water, 
it  was  deemed  remarkable  that  so  email  a  weight 
of  iron  salt  ihonld  impart  to  leniibly  a  chalybeate 
taete  to  so  large  a  volome  of  water.  Neither  the 
•trbonate  nor  enlphate  of  iron-  hai  this  eA»et,  and 
the  only  explanation  is  that  alluded  to  abore :  the 
•sietence  of  a  erenate  dissdred  in  oarbonio  add 
so  as  to  form  an  aoidnlons  water.  This  compound 
with  the  lime  salts  may  \)e  considered  as  the  aotire 
medicinal  parts  of  the  water." 

The  rirtnes  of  this  water  wre  probably  owing  to 
iti  temperature,  rather  than  to  any  mediein*! 
agents  combined  with  it.  The  supply  of  water  is 
▼wry  abundant—estimated  at  six  thousand  gallons 
a  minute.  For  the  gentlemen's  bath,  it  is 
roeeiTed  into  a  room  thirty-eight  feet  in  diameter, 
and  may  be  raised  to  the  depth  of  six  feet.  After 
H  has  been  used,  the  water  ie  drawn  off  and  the 
batli  fiUs  again  in  fifteen  or  twenty  neinnt^.  The 
ladies'  baUi  is.  comlbrtably  furnished,  and  when 
repaired  the  water  may  be  raised  to  tbe  depth  of 
five  feet.    A^oining  the  gentlemen's  bath,  a  room 


^/ni^^.,5  -, 


WABM  moirai. 


■.mit- 


I  gninib 

ihis  water, 
»  weight 
shaljrbeate 
either  the 
eifeet,  and 
bore:  the 
bonio  add 
compotrod 
itheAotive 

r  owing  to 
medieinfl 
f  water  ie 
ad  gallona 
th,  it  i» 
diftineter, 
iet.  After 
ff  and  the 
itei.  The 
rad  when 
I  depth  of 
tb,  A  room 


hsB  been  conetruoted  for  a  cold  plungt  bath,  which 
is  plentifully  supplied  with  common  epring  water, 
piped  from  the  neigboriog  hills,  of  a  temperature 
offrom60°to66°. 

The  common  practice  in  the  use  of  the  Warm 
Spring  bath  is,  to  bathe  twice  a  day,  and  remain 
in  the  water  from  twelre  to  twenty  minutes  each 
time.  In  some  cases,  especially  when  the  bath  ii 
used  for  cutaneous  diseases,  the  patient  may 
profitably  remain  in  for  a  much  longer  period, 
eren  from  half  an  hour  to  one  hour.  As  a  general 
rule,  and  especially  for  delicate  persons,  active 
exercise  should  be  avoided  while  in  the  bath, 
and  always,  on  coming  out,  the  bather  should 
be  well  rubbed  over  Uie  whole  body  with  a  coarse 
cloth. 

The  best  timet  for  bathing  are,  in  the  morning 
before  breakfast,  and  on  an  empty  stomach  an  hour 
before  dinner.  Where  perspiration  is  required, 
the  bath  should  be  taken  in  the  evening,  the 
patient  retiring  to  bed  immediately  after. 

The  diseases  for  which  these  baths  have  bee« 
profitably  employed  are  numerous ;  among  them 
are  atonio  gout,  chronic  rheumatism,  indolent 
swellings  of  the  joints  or  lymphatio  glands^ 
paralysis,  obstruetions  of  the  liver  and  spleen^,  old 
syphilitic  and  syphiloid  diseases,  ohronic  oiit#* 
neons  diseases,  nephritic  and  calculous  disorders, 
amenorrhoea  and  dysmenorrhoea.  Oocasionallyj 
chrtmio  diarrhma  is  relieved.    The  same  may  be 


ff'-S.^i  ■ 


'■i»iiil!WEgj:t.ii-"wt»«'u'^"^''' 


•MlieMSShiMMHMMFiW^^^ 


260 


MIHXBAL  WAXnS  OV  TIBaiKIA. 


said  of  neuralgia;  but,  most  generally,  we  find 
bathe  of  somewhat  lower  temperature  more 
beneficial  in  this  disease.  In  connection  with  the 
internal  use  of  the  alum  waters^  these  baths  will 
be  found  very  serviceable  in  the  various  and 
distressing  forms  of  torofda.  In  painful  affec- 
tions of  the  limbs,  following  a  uiercurial  course, 
these  baths  are  efficacious,  and  the  more  so  if 
employed  in  connection  with  the  internal  use  of 
the  sulphur  waters. 

Some  precautions  should  be  observed  in  ent^ag 
upon  the  use  of  these  baths,  even  by  those  to 
whosjs  diseases  they  may  be  well  adapted.  The 
bow«^8ho«Id  be^pen,.or  in  a  solvent  condition  ; 
the  state  of  the*  tongue  should  indicate  a  good 
condition,  of  the  stomadh;  the  patient  should  be 
free  jl(rom  febrile  excitement,  and  from  the 
weariness  and  exhaustion  generally  the  result  of 
traveling  in  the  public  conveyances,  in  hot 
weather.  Many  tM>mmit  a  great  error,  and 
occasionally  make  themselves  quite  ill,  by 
impri^ntly  plunging  into  the  bath  immediately 
after^rriving  at  the  springs,  and  before  they  Mve 
in  any  degree  become  reliei^ed  from  the  ^Kligue 
mhI  txcitation  of  the  trftvel  necessary  to  rMch 
i^iem.  From  sfach  *&  impradeat  course)  the 
bather  has  Hitle  raiionid  gn.  ndi  to  jhope  for 
benefit,  and  is  fortunate  if  he  era^'  without 
injury. 


HBAUMO  SPBINGS. 


2«1 


,  we  find 
are  more 
n  with  the 
baths  will 
KrioQs  and 
nful  affeo 
ial  course, 
nore  so  if 
nal  use  0f 

IneDt^ag 

those  to 

tted.    The 

condition  ; 

ite  a  good 

should  be 

from    the 

>  result  of 

I,   in    hot 

nor,   and 

J    ill,    by 

imediafErly 

th^have 

he  fi^igue 

'  to  reach 

•urse^   the 

h»pt>  for 

8'  wiAout 


CHAPTER  XV. 


HEALINO  BPBINGS. 


Eistorif  and  IkteripUon—TMo'i^peuHe  AeHtm—Dueatet  for  uhiA 
it  may  te  Pmertbed,  dbe.,  dbe. 

This  medicinal  fountain  is*  in  Bath  County, 
Virginia,  and  is  one  of  the^AermoI  springs  that 
give  name,  to  that  county,  and  for  which  the  chain 
of  valleys,  that  lie  at  the  western  base  of  the 
Warm  Spring  Mountain,  is  so  -remarkable.  The 
most  southern  of  the  group  is  the  "Falling  Spring 
Valley,"  which  embosoms  the  water  und^  notice.* 

Situated  in  the  midst  of  a  confined  but  fruitful 
valley,  and  surrounded  by  wild  and  romantic 
scenery,  the  Healing  Springs  afford  a  sequestered 
retreat  for  the  invalid,  and  a  pleasing  resort  for 
those  who  seek  respite  from  the  cares  of  business, 
or  desire  the  refreshing  influences  of  mountain 
scenery  and  cHraate. 

This  water.  Mid  something  of  its  curative  powers, 
were  known  at  an  early  day  ;  but  owing  to  the 
want  of  means,  and  the  existence  of  a  Intter  feud 
between  the  patties  to  whom  it  belonged,  no  im- 


*  *^k  Kotioe  of  tiie  HMling  Springs  of  Bsth  County,  Yirg^iiiS, 
by  WiBtaBi  y  Ffttton,  M.  D." 


f 


mm^- 


-.■~.  iiniiia  i'»«i>Mlrijlitii;;|--i(fii«ijjiii0ri;«i\iii'i«  wii'iiwiw  . 


MXHBRAI.  VAXOU  OF  TOQINIA. 


prorement  vhaterer  was  made ;  yet  such  has 
beenjts  reputation,  that  every  year  a  greater  or 
loM  numher  of  visitors,  composed  chiefly  of  ex- 
treme oases- that  had  failed  to  be  relieved  elsewhere, 
or  were  too  ill  or  too  poor  to  go  abroad,  have 
resorted  to  it.  Of  late  years,  since  it  has  become 
more  the  practice,  in  obstinate  and  long-standing 
complaints,  to  seek  relief  by  the  use  of  mineral 
waters,  this  spring  has  been  steadily  advancing 
in  reputation,  and,  without  improvements  or 
vOther  advantages,  has  now  ibrqed  itself  into  public 
notice^  and  ereated  a  den»and  for  extensive  ac- 
oommodations. 

While  a  number  of  cmh  »re  reported  to  have 
bean  snoeeiiriblly  submitted  to  the  use  of  this 
water,  90  record  of  the.'Ohai!scter  of  such  cases, 
nor  history  of  their  course  md  termination,  has 
been  made;  nor  do  we  know  of  any  attempt  to 
d«Ane  the  ohanMrter  of  the  watery  to  determine  its 
mode  of  aekioii,  nor  to  designate  ^«  diseases  which 
it  is  known  to  oontrol. 

To  determine^ese  points,  a  variety  and  noaiber 
of  facts  have  been  gleaned  &mn  reUable  sonroes, 
«ttd  furnished  the  data  uponifiMoh  Ilia,  following 
eMt^nsions  are  based.  .   ,, 

fiaongh  is  known  oC  the  medieinal  effects  of 
thu  water  to  enable  os  to  enrol  it  npon;tlte  llst«f 
known  curative  means,  and  to  wdeome  it  to  a 
plaee  among  the  medicinal  fonnlailM,  for  mhvok 
«bis  region  i*  already  so  diitinguiiAwd. 


ti 


mtALOia   BFRfNOS. 


268 


)t  snch  has 
greater  or 
hiefly  of  ex- 
d  elsewhere, 
broad,  have 
'<  has  become 
ng-gt«DdiDg 
of  mioeral 
y  advaDcing 
vemoDts  or 
f  into  public 
xtensive  ac- 

ctedtohave 
use  of  this 
'  such  cases, 
loatiQii,  has 
:  altenipt  to 
>9tennine  its 
Eeasei  which 

Mtdiuanber 
hh  SQiifoes, 
m,  foUairiBg 

1  «€eetf  of 
ii;tlloliik«f 
>me  i%  to  a 
,  f<Hr  whioh 


The  Healing  Springs  comprise  three  separate 
springs.  Two  of  these  are  quite  near  each  other, 
and  the  third  at  a  distance  of  perhaps  two  hundred 
yards  in  the  same  ravine.  These  springs  are 
beautifully  bright  and  crystalline ;  "and  the  ever* 
bursting  bubbles  of  gas,  that  escape  with  the 
water  and  float  in  myriads  of  vesicles  upon  its 
surface,  impart  to  it  a  peculiar  sparkling  ap^. 
pearance. 

The  temperature  of  these  springs  is  uniformly 
SI'*  Fah.,  nor  are  they  subject  to  any  variation  of 
quantity  or  quality.  Sibgly,  they  afford  a  con- 
siderable volume  of  water,  and,  together,  would 
form  qnitd  a  bold  fountain.  Each,  it  ia  thought  by 
some,  possesses  properties  and  virtues  peculiar  to 
itself,  and  hence  they  have  received  distinctive 
but,  as  the  same  sensible  properties  are 
common  to  them,  perhaps  no  essential  difference 
will  be  found  in  their  qualitielh.  The  waters 
have  not  been  analysed.  Lime  and  sandrttoet  «re 
the  prevailing  formations,  and  black  slate,  oon-^ 
taining  bisnlphnret  of  iron,  ftnd  other  traces  of 
minerals,  are  met  with  about  the  springs.  From 
the  superficial  foridaations^  however,  it  wouldr 
hardly  be  legitimate  to  infer  the  character  of  this 
water,  as  ft  most  probably  has  »  very  remote 
source,  and  derives  chiefly  its  mineral  elements 
from  strata  in  the  d«pths  of  the  earth.  The 
deposit  along  the  stream  is  much  more  worthy  of 
trust,  and  would  nfifm  to  indioate  the  preseiwe  of 


^'$'i>.i-^  ^t^■^^r  --^■-'MXf^ti^^  f 


i  r'l  ftHflini  r* 


M|il«Mp»«^ 


264 


MINBRAL  W&TOBS  OF  \ISQINIA. 


lime,  Alumina,  iron,  and  other  salts ;  but  in  the 
absence  of  any  analysis,  we  forbear  to  determine, 
with  eren  an  approximation  to  certainty^  the 
chemical  character  of  the  water.  A  species  of 
dgm  springs  up  luxuriantly  in  these  waters.  It  is 
of  a  dark-green  color,  and  exceedingly  delicate 
and  beautiful  in  structure.  Its  chemical  nature 
has  not  been  defined,  though  its  therapeutical 
effects  have  been  tested.  Whether  it  acts  by 
virtue  of  some  inherent  property  of  its  own,  or  in 
consequence  of  principles  imbibed  from  the  water, 
or  simply  upon  the  principle  of  a  poultice,  or  by 
combining  all  these,  we  will  not  attempt  to 
decide.  Charged  with  saline  and  gaseous  matter, 
the  baths  at  these  springs  are  exceedingly  buoyant 
and  grateful,  and  pertiaps  unsurpassed  for  the 
delightful  and  refreshing  sensation  they  com- 
municate to  the  system.  For  drinking  purposes, 
the  water  is  too  warm  to  bo  palatable  at  first,  but 
its  cordii^  effects  upon  the  stomach  soon  make  it 
an  agreeable  beverage.  The  water,  when  drunk, 
acts  in  three  principal  ways  upon  the  system,  to 
wit:  upon  the  Mdneyi,  the  ftot&eZs,  and  skin;  and 
perhafM  ihe  relative  affinity  for  each  partici^ar 
organ  is  mtxeoAf  indicated  by  the  order  of  their 
enumeration.  The  direction  to  either  viseus,  is 
infiuenced  somewhat  by  the  condition  of  the  sysitem 
and  by  the  manner  of  using  the  water.  While 
it  is  capable  of  being  directed  to  e.'l.er  organ 
speci&Mdly,  it  maybe  so  Msployed  as  to  exert  a 


HBAUNO  anUNGB. 


26fr 


but  in  the 

determine, 
taintyy  the 

species  of 
iters.  It  is 
llj  delicate 
ical  nature 
lerapeutical 

it  acts  hy 
8  own,  or  in 
i  the  water, 
iltice,  or  by- 
attempt  to 
oufl  matter, 
5I7  buoyant 
9ed  for  the 

they  com- 
g  purposes, 
it  first,  but 
ion  make  it 
hen  drunk, 
I  system,  to 
I  akin;  and 

partioi^ar 
ier  of  their 
r  visdu,  is 
'  the  syiitem 
&*.    While 

'or  organ 
I  to  exert  a 


quiet  and  less  marked,  but  not  less  salutary,  effect 
over  the  whole  at  once.  Its  simultaneous  action 
upon  three  great  emunctories  of  the  body,  with 
its  capacity  to  be  dir<  cted  specifically  t)  either, 
constitutes  this  water  a  safe  and  gentle,  but  at 
the  same  time  a  certain  and  efficient,  depurating 
agent  of  the  human  body. 

Acting  upon  the  whole  of  the  external  surface, 
with  its  countless  pores  and  innumerable  sebaeeous 
gland»<-H9timt(lating  to  new  action  the  entire  track 
of  the  alimentary  canal,  with  its  samerous  and 
important  organs-^nd  urging  the  kidneys  to 
throw  off  the  multiform  materials  designed  to  be 
separated  from  the  circulating  fluids,  and  pro- 
ducing, when  retained  or  imperfectly  eliminated, 
such  dangerous  disturbance  to  the  ooastitution- — 
it  is  not  wonderful  that  the  water  should  exercise 
control  orer  diseased  action,  and  prove  a  remedy 
for  a  wide  range  of  human  maladies. 

The  water  is  light,  and  does  not  oppren  the 
stomach,  however  freely  it  is  drunk.  It  is  a  ready 
promoter  of  digestion ;  and  it  is  a  common  remark 
of  those  under  ito  use,  that  they  can  eat  with 
impunity  what  would  otherwise  be  intolemUe.  -^ 

Bathing^  both  general  and  topical,  is  a  vahuible 
and  important  mode  of  employing  the  water,  and 
should  not  be  negl^toted  when  deisanded  by  the 
circujiXBl&nc  :3  of  a  given  case. 

Th»  wat,or  of  the  Healing  Springs^  so  far  as  ir 
is  capable  of  daiisifieation,  may  be  regarded,  in 
96 


... 


■i 


ti 


'ui[.  -jjjiwy.. 


266 


MINIRAIi  WATBBB  Of  VmCONU. 


ita  general  action  upon  the  system,  as  alterative 
antd  tonic,  both  directly  and  indirectly ;  hut  inas- 
much as  it  is  an  agent  m  generis  in  its  character, 
we  doubt  the  correctness  of  limiting  its  action  by 
restrictive  definitions. 

The  first  employment  of  these  springs,  and 
their  earliest  manifestation  of  curative  powers  was 
in  m-oonditioned  uleera  and  intraetaUe  affections  of 
the  akin;  and  hence  the  significant  name  they  hear. 
In  these  diseases,  as  clMses,  o^en  as  annoying 
and  unsightly  as  they  are  pi^nftil  and  intractable, 
this  agent  enjoys  a  high  popular  reputation. 

In  some  cases  of  inveterate  ^n/cxae,  the  water 
pro£ai39s,  by  a  painless  process,  to  aohiere  what 
the  surgeon's  knife  had  been  powerless  to  effect, 
or  the  more  drwdei^  x»|iteTy  had  failed  to  ac- 
OQimplish.  In  cutaneous  diseases,  so  frequently 
persisting  for  years,  it  is  not  less  remarkable  for 
its  benign  effocta.  In  many  of  the  graver  forms 
of  idcin  diseatffis,  as  well  a*  in  those  of  milder 
^iiiBter,  good  results  may  be  expected  from  its 
omploymeat. 

Itvjs  worthy  of  refitark,  that  the  grave  oonse- 
queaoM  thai  sometimes  result  from  htaling  loiig- 
•tawlNig  uleera  tmA  diseases  of  the  dcin  by  the 
ordinary  metiiods,  are  less  to  be  apprehended  in 
theeasesof  cure  by  ^is  water.  • 

Sero/vla  is  believed  to  be  sMMnable  to  this  l^nt. 
Beoently ,  several  onret  of  this  mulady  are  reported 
to  kaveocKittrred  under  its  use. 


%4 


Si3i3ir5ifci3Er^Hr  i?s»at«»aa 


vm 


"lSlWJIy,,'«!,",'t"J 


BXAUNO  BPBIF'I. 


Mt 


(dterative 
,  but  ioas- 
obaract«r, 
I  action  by 

rings,  and 
lowers  was 

tbejbear. 

annoying 
ntraotable, 
ition. 

tbe  water 
hiere  wbat 
m  to  effect, 
[led  to  ac" 

frequently 
arkable  for 
aver  forms 

of  milder 
»d  from  its 

rave  oonse- 
aling  long- 
ikin  by  ibe 
»bended  in 

this  agent, 
ore  reported 


In  chnmio  opthaimu}  cffections^  wbetber  dependent 
upon  a  scorbutic  habit  or  other  dyscrasy  of  the 
body,  and  in  degenerate  and  morbid  conditions  of 
the  eye,  resulting  from  neglected  or  improper 
treatment,  gratifying  results  may  bo  anticipated 
from  the  judicious  use  of  these  springs. 

Here,  as  in  all  the  varieties  of  ulcers  and  local 
inflammations  treated  by  ttiis  water,  a  new  agent 
may  be  employed ;  it  is  the  topical  application  of 
the  mo is  that  grows  luxuriantly  in  the  baths  and. 
streams  that  flow  from  them.  This  has  a  peculiar 
effect.  When  applied  to  a  diseased  surface  it 
becomes  painful,  sometimes  exceedingly  so,  and 
yet,  upon  inspection  of  the  part,  its  redness  has 
been  dispelled,  and  a  new  and  more  healthy  action 
established.  When  the  application  has  been  long 
continued,  the  snrfitce  becomes  blanched  and 
corrugated. 

In  tubacuie  rhenmoHam  these  waters  hare  ao' 
quired  considerable  reputation.  For  the  relief  of 
the  suffering,  and  to  correct  the  morbid  condition 
upon  which  it  depends,  they  may  of^^n  he  em- 
ployed, both  externally  and  internally,  with  much 
benefit. 

The  temperature  of  the  water  is  not  so  high  as 
to  stimulate  this  form  into  the  ocule,  nor  so  low 
as  to  endanger  the  patient  by  sudden  meiaatiMi», 
while  both  effects  are  guarded  against  by  its 
diuretic  action,  and  its  tendency  to  the  bowels  aaA 
skin.    In  the  present  instance,  as  in  other  «Mes, 


J 


««MSM 


868 


wofnUi  WAim  Of  Toamu. 


0 


K?* 


where  it  ig  de^rable  to  giro  the  water  ft  decided 

direction   to   the  bowels   or   dda,  ftppropriate 

adjVTantfl  ihonld  be  employed. 

/     In  Keundgia,  ft  congener  of  the  diieftie  jnit  oon- 

4<Ured,  the  wnter  it  frequently  ^nnd  to  be  reme- 

diftl,  ftnd,  from  its  ftllevifttioti  of  the  thrilling, 

piereing  pftin  ftttendsnt  upon  this  ft£Ebotidn,  one  of 

the  epringt  recdved  long  eince  the  homely  bat 

•xpreuiTe  title  of  **  Toothftohe  Spring."    It  if  to 

•  tiioie  cftees,  dependent  upon  generic  derftngement  of 

,;  the  ayitem,  ropalting  from  ft  residence  in  onhoftlthy 

districts  of  country,  or  those  thftt  hftve  their  wigin 

in  nerTous  irritftbility,  or  qpring  from  ft  gouty  or 

rheumstic  diftthesi»— thftt  the  wftter  is  adftpted. 

l}]/§ptgp$iaf  tikftt  invet^rftte  scourge  of  the  seden^ 
tftry  and  thoughtfiil,  which  so  often  modks  ftU 
ifttlottil  fts  well  fts  foolish  meftns  thftt  ftre  inv^ed 
for  its  relief,  not  unfrequently  finds  nn  jmtidote 
in  thMe  waters. 

For  tknmie  UumA  or  ap^,  the  Heftlittg  Springs 
hftve  bjMn  employed  with  success,  ftfter  ft  fruitless 
Itni  jj^frserariing  use  of  other.meftns. 

f  htre  OMftsjionftlly  sent  pfttients,  snl&ring  under 
liraije  t^Mtkm  ^  tike  luimg  coai  <if  (he  imoeb, 
.to' ti||is  Wftter,  with  good  effect. 

XeiMprrlaMi,  ftnd  other  kiudced  dieord^  of  the 

^  ibmalfr  vhea  Ihdq^daut  of  mftligpftut  |etio»,  or 

#etuftl  4iaplftoament  of  organs,  will  attw.  yield  to 

the  froe  imtental  and  extental  use  of  13)^  waters. 


Titr 


i''^im&^iiSmn 


^.. 


~— »w*#*l( 


f'-JJt'^T    W     %!,f^    ' 


r  ft  decided 
appropriate 

le  joit  oon- 
obe  reme- 
thrilling, 
ion,  one  of 
lOmely  bat 
"  It  if  to 
ngieineatof 
anliwkithy 
heir  origin 
ftgoictf  or 
a  Mbpted. 
the  indent 
modks  ftil 
kreinTfliced 
n  juitidote 

ngSpniigB 
'ftfrnitleui 

ring  under 
ihe  bowA, 

d^  of  the 
k^OR,  or 
enj^eld  to 


.3 
i 


4 


T*    -*     'Wrf*^    •"   > 


»>ai^l|)|gl(j[<0(IMia!IMWI»wii>'J»'l '"I*'"!"  '<"•'"  >•" 


.  iHiffr  ;    nil  «ililMi 


iW' 


^T^ 
m 


e 

la. 


5  5 
oiS  at 


o 


loonuDGB  jujm  enam 


Some  of  tbo  diieases  of  the  urinary  orgam  are 
favorably  controlled  by  these  waters ;  among 
which  may  be  enumerated  ohroiuo  irritation,  with 
maooQS  disohargei  from  the  bladder.  I  have 
had  -ocvasioB  to  be  pleased  with  their  effects  in^ 
streral  siieh  cases. 


CHAPTER  XVI. 
BOOKBlODaB  ALUM  BPBIKOS. 


rk$  mm  Akm  « 

^  Tion  afiringa  itfe  situated  in  the  northern  pari 
of  IheOonnigrttf  Bookbridge,  on  the  miUn  turn- 
pUce  rodl  leadtng  ftom  the  iown  of  Lexington  to 
the  /^iom  J^ifaigi#  seyenteen  miles  from  the 
fatam  Md  abooft  twenty-one  from  the- latter. 
they*e*«  «H|^Uy  iheptoiirty  of  Campbell 
fkmily;!  %  whom  tlie  land  pn  which  they  aro 


S8* 


/•'^rf 


wfat^mtmmi^ 


"^"■i 


Miviiui.  WAma  Of  Tnanru. 


The  exiitenoo  of  an  ftlrnn  spring  at  this  place 
was  known  at  the  time  of  the  entry  of  the  land, 
and  its  peoaliarities  soon  led  the  people  of  the 
neighborhood  to  test  its  virtues,  first  as  an  external 
«nd  then  as  an  internal  remedy,  especially  for 
diseases  of  the  skin.  The  suooess  of  tlu  o  exneri- 
ments  established  a  local  reputation  for  tl '  ater 
to  such  an  extent,  that  the  proprietor  ci  fhe 
springs  found  it  to  his  interest  to  open  a  house  « f 
entertainment  for  the  accommodation  of  those  who 
might  desire  to  use  them. 

But  the  isolated  character  of  the  place,  the 
limited  accommodations,  and  e^p^iciallj  the  ikct 
that  it  was  then  out  of  the  great  •'  Spring  circle," 
and  withal  inconvenient  to  approach,  pv^wnted  for 
several  years  any  large  vilitation  to  ilu^  place. 
Bqt  the  reputation  of  the  water,  reaultj\ifv  from 
actual  experience  in  its  use,  oontiuued  to  increase ' 
and  extend,  until  the  public  demand  for  accommo- 
dation forced  an  enterprise  into  the  economy  of 
the  establishmeiit  that  has  resulted  in  the  erection 
of  appropriate  buildings,  sufficient    for  the  ao- 
eommodation  of  six  or  eight  hundred  visitors,  and 
in  greatly  improving  and  beautifying  the  grounds 
adjacent  to  the   springs.     StiU  the  increasing 
reputation  of  the  watws,  and  a  conseq[uent  in- 
creasing patronage,  so  urgently  demand  f^fther 
accommodations,    that   the  proprietors  art  now 
actively  engaged  in  th«  ereetion  of  new  buildings 
to  be  finished  by  the  next  season,  and  which  will 


r 


%>^} 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


U   11.6 


Photograiiiic 

ScHices 

Corporalion 


23  WBT  MAM  STIHT 

VmSIM,N.Y.  145M 
(71«)t72-4903 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  InatituM  lor  HIatorlcal  Microraproduetiona  /  InatHiit  Canadian  da  microraproductlona  hiatoriquaa 


ROOEBBIDGB  ALUM  SPBINGNS. 


271 


still  further  increase  their  capacity  to  accom- 
modate. 

The  property  is  now  owned  by  Messrs.  Frazier 
&  Bandolph,  whose  industry  and  enterprise  give 
ample  guarantee  that  the  extent  of  their  accom- 
modations will  hereafter  he  commensurate  with 
the  public  demands. 

Small  reservoirs  cut  in  the  rock  receive  the 
alum  water  as  it  percolates  through  a  heavy  cliff 
of  slate-stone.  There  are  five  of  these  reservoirs 
or  springs,  all  differing  slightly  from  each  other, 
and  also  differing  from  themselves  at  different 
times,  being  stronger,  and  the  water  also  more 
abundant,  in  rainy  weather. 

At  the  base  of  the  same  hill  from  which  the 

alum  water  issues,  and  a  few  hundred  yards  above, 

is  a  good  Chdybeaie  Spring,  which  in  many  cases 

'may  be  used  either  alone  or  in  connection  with  the 

alum  water  to  great  advantage. 

These  waters  were  analyzed  by  Professor  Aug. 
A.  Hayes,  of  Boston,  in  1852,  with  the  following 
results : — 

Description  and  Analyaia  of  three  Samples  of  Boch- 
bridge  Alum  Water  from  Virginia. 
"The  samples  presented  perfectly  clear,  color- 
less, and  odorless  water;  the  taste  was  very 
stringent,  with  the  more  lasting  impression 
produced  by  iron  salts.  In  closed  vessels  the 
water  may  be  heated  without  becoming  turbid, 
but  boiling  causes  ochry  matter  to  fall. .  In  the 


272  HINBRAL  WATEBS  OV  VIBaZNU. 

composition  of  Rockbridge  waters  mucli  more  of 
the  salts  of  alumina  is  found  than  in  the  Bath 
Alum  water. 

Bockbridge,  No.  1. 

A  standard  gallon  at  60°  F.  contains — 

Of  bases:  Sodium  and  soda ~..~ 0*250 

Potash .........tiaces. 

Ammonia » 0*471 

Lime » 0*504 

Magnesia 0*868 

Alumina ..u....mm......-....»  4*420 

Protoxide  of  iron. 1*748 

Of  adds:  Sulphuric  add. 82*626 

Carbonic    "      ~...  2*628 

Organic     "     0*980 

Silicic  •••••••••••••«  ••••••••••••■«•••••«•  lO  4011 

V/lllOnllO  ••••*>•«••••••••§•••••••••••••••••••  V  wvi 

The  changes  which  take  place  in  these  waters  hy , 

boiling,  the  action  of  sulphydric  acid  and  salts  of 

silver,  indicate  that  these  proximate  constituents 

are  combined  to  form  the  following  salts  : — 

Sulphate  of  lime ~  1*480 

Sulphate  of  magneda. ~ 1*061 

Protoxide  of  iron. ~~ 8*688 

Alumina. 14*764 

Chloride  of  sodium..~.......»...^ ....i 0*428 

Silicate  of  soda. 2*544 

Crenate  of  ammonia » 1*401 

Free  sulphuric  add. 18*789 

"  carbonic  add. ;.....,.» 2*628 

46*747. 
Pore  water. 68825*258 

58872*000 


^iMMaMMli4iMk*>>iHiAJNi 


a.«iiiiaA*ifMiiif*ili'»iW-Nil^itVMWliiii<^^ 


>^t.5t%K.aa^igjgs; 


ROOKBRmaB  ALUM  SPRXNOS. 


273 


lore  of 
a  Bath 


H350 
uses. 

K71 
)-594 
>-868 
1-420 
L-748 
S'626 
Se28 
)-980 
S-460 
1257 

kers  by . 
salts  of 
itaents 

1-489 
1-081 
t-688 
1-764 
)-428 
)-S44 
L-401 
)-789 
)-628 

iw 

(-258 
i-000 


Sample  of  Rockbridge  Alum,  No.  2. 

One  gallon  of  this  sample  measured  at  60°  F. 
contains  the  following  substances: — 

As  bases:  Potasb .- ..„..„ 0-954 

Sodium .....;.  0-401 

Ammonia 0-800 

Lime... 1-846 

Magnesia 0*600 

Protoxide  of  iron..... 2-804 

Alumina 5-860 

As  acids:  Sulpliuric  acid. .84-210 

Carbonic    "      ..~ 7856 

Crenic       "      0400 

Silicic        •• 2-840 

Chlorine    « 0-607 


The  acids  unite  to  the  bases,  forming  salts  of 
the  following  weights : — 

Snlidute  of  potash. 1*765 

"          lime...- ~ .....* 8-268 

"          magneda -  1*768 

Protoxide  of  hxm 4*868 

Alumina 17-005 

Oraiate  of  ammonia »....~  0*700 

Chloride  of  sodium..  ~ ~  ........:........  1*006 

SiUdcacid. -  2*840 

Free  sulphuric  add. 15*224 

Carixmic  acid. - -  7-856 

56*687 
Pure  water. ...58815*818 

58^*000 


=#5" 


m 


MINERAL  WATERS  Ol*  VIROINIA. 


Sample  of  Rockbridge  Alum,  No.  4. 
One  gallon  of  this  sample  afforded — 

As  bases:  Potash traces. 

SodiAm. , 0178 

Ammonia. 0-860 

Lime 1.848 

Magnesia ISOS 

Protoxide  of  iron ^a. 2-328 

Almnina .'. ~...  7-210 

Organic  matter A 1*020 

Of  acids :  Sulplraric  acid.. 29-686 

Carbonic    "    4-208 

Chlorine    "    ~. 0-266 

SiUdc        « 1-710 


mc 


Crenlc        " 


860 


Those, substapceisi  combined  as  salts  give  the 
following  constituents : — 

Chlorida  of  soditun 0*489 

Sulphate  of  Ume...i 8-261 

Sulphate  of  magnesia. ~ 4*418 

Protoxide  of  iron » 4*698 

Alomina. 24-OeS 

Grenate  of  ammonia....^ 1*220 

Vn»  sulphuric  add. ~ »  6*511 

"    cartmnic    "    '..  4*208 

"    BlUcic        "    1*710 

Oii^uiic  matter. 11)20 

68821-440 


68872*000 


iilliliMliirtiritriv  I 


■>  iV*  MliiMir*'**'!*'*^''^'*".* 


ROCKBHIDaE  ALUM  BPRINGS. 


276 


traces. 

,  0178 
0-860 
1.846 
1-608 

,  2-228 
7-210 
1-000 

29-686 

,  4-208 

,  0-266 
1-710 

.     860 


In  comparing  these  samples  with  those  of  the 
Bath  Alum  Springs,  it  will  be  seen  that  they  are 
more  highly  acid  in  composition,  and  contain 
besides  more  of  the  tri-sulphate  of  alumina  in  a 
given  volume.  This  salt  gives  character  and 
activity  to  these  waters,  and  renders  them 
subjects  of  great  interest  when  us^d  as  remedial 
agents. 

Of  the  waters  hitherto  described,  those  from 
the  Oak  Orchard  Acid  Mineral  Springs  of 
Alabama,  Genesee  County,  New  York,  approach 
most  nearly  to  this  composition. 

The  results  of  an  analysis  by  Dr.  James  R. 
Chilton,  of  Spring  No.  1,  are  given  for  com- 
parison : — 


jive  the 


so-MO 
21-440 

72-000 


Spring  No.  1. 
One  gallon  contains  of — 

Free  solphorioacid ~ 82-06 

Stdphate  of  lime • ••  W-W 

Protoxide  of  iron. • H'9i 

Alumina. • '"^ 

Hagneda •.■ 8-28 

saica. ^•-    i-o* 

Organic  matter. 8-28 

15916 

Containing  yearly  three  times  the  weight  of 
solid  matter  in  the  gallon,  this  water  does  not 
afford  more  than  half  the  amount  of  tri-sulphate 


t^£,i:jidij^>- 


276 


UINBBAL  WATERS  Of  VIBOINIA. 


^ 


of  alumina  which  is  found  in  the  average  of  the 
Bockbridge  Alum  Springs. 

The  supposed  presence  of  arsenions  acid,  and  the 
expectation  that  more  active  bodies  than  those 
named  would  be  found,  led  to  a  careful  examina- 
tion of  the  black,  decomposed  shale  from  which 
the  Bath  Alum  water  takes  its  rise.  The  shale 
gave  sulphates  of  iron,  lime^  and  alumina  to  pure 
water,  and  contained  an  abundance  of  iron 
pyrites.  When  two  pounds  of  the  clay  were 
decomposed,  the  resulting  fluid  contained  no 
arsenious  acid  or  copper.  The  earthy  part 
afforded  a  trace  merely  of  the  phosphate  of  linae. 
The  same  negative  results  followed  an  analysis  of 
the  dry  mass  from  four  gallons  of  the  mixed 
waters. 

The  general  conclusions  following  from  the 
results  of  thesp  analyses  are,  that  the  Bath  Alum 
Springs,  containing  more  ferruginous  salts,  and 
having  the  sulphuric  acid  more  equally  neutral- 
ized, approach  more  nearly  in  composition  to 
chalybeate  waters.  While  the  proportions  of  the 
salts  to  the  pure  water  may  vary,  the  relation  in 
IcxnA  will  bo  preserved. 

The  Bockbridge  Alum  waters,  on  the  other 
hand,  have  their  iron  salts  almost  masked  in 
their  action  by  the  predominance  of  free  sulphuric 
acid  and  tri-sulphate  of  alumina.  In  these,  too, 
we  may  expect  the  same  general  relation  of  hini 
to  prevail,  although  more  or  less  of  the  salts  is 


SB^iiiifiiwtftini-iMnf'i 


,kntiyimmmuw»»^  trt^Wlii".i 


BOCKBBIDaB  ALUM  SPBIBTOS. 


m 


ge  of  the 

1,  and  the 
lan  those 
examina- 
>m  which 
?he  shale 
a  to  pare 
of  iron 
lay  were 
lined  no 
hy  part 
I  of  lime, 
iialysis  of 
le  mixed 

from  the 
kth  Alum 
lalts,  and 
r  neutral- 
sition  to 
ns  of  the 
ilation  in 

he  other 
tasked  in 
ralphnric 
tiete,  too, 
n  of  hind 
»  salts  is 


present  in  the  water.  Both  contain  a  portion  of 
iron  oxide,  united  to  organic  compounds,  which, 
independently  of  the  other  salts  and  acids,  would 
constitute  them  chalyheate  waters.  In  their 
origin  they  are  quite  pure  surface  waters,  which, 
percolating  through  strata  undergoing  decompo- 
sition, take  from  them  their  soluble  mineral  and 
organic  matters. 

Such  is  the  analysis  of  this  interesting  mineral 
water,  by  the  same  distinguished  chemist  that 
analyzed  the  waters  of  the  Bath  Alum  Springs. 

The  analyses  of  these  two  waters,  so  essentially 
resembling  each  other,  are  laid  before  the  public 
in  this  volume,  and  by  comparing  them,  an  op- 
portunity is  afforded  the  n^edical  man  of  hypo- 
thetically  determining  the  character  of  each,  and 
to  see  at  one  View  in  what  they  agree,  and  in 
what  they  differ  from  each  other ;  and  hence,  so 
far  as  analysis  can  settle  the  question,  to  deter- 
mine their  relative  powers  and  medicinal  applica- 
bility. Candor  will  have  to  admit,  however,  that 
it  is  not  analysis  alone,  nor  principally,  that  can 
satisfactorily  determine  the  therapeutical  char- 
acter or  medicinal  adaptations  of  mineral  waters. 

Dr.  Huntt,  iu  his  pamphlet  on  the  Red  Sul- 
phur, in  alluding  to  Pr(yfe>Bor  Sogers'  analysis  of 
that  spring,  observes  th  .'  '"it  certainly  does  not  , 
satisfactorily  account  for  *')e  wonderful  effects  of 
the  water."    The  same  remark  may  be  made  in 

84 


S7I 


MINERAL  WATSBS  OF  VISOIKIA. 


reference  to  the  analysis  of  all  our  mineral  \raters, 
in  connection  with  the  well  known  and  peculiar 
operations  of  those  waters,  with  the  exception, 
perhaps,  of  the  simple  chalyheates ;  and  this,  it 
is  fair  to  presume,  will  continue  to  he  true  of  any 
analysis  that  can  he  made  in  the  present  state  of 
chemical  science.  It  is  well  known  to  every  one 
at  all  acquainted  with  chemical  science,  that 
compounds  of  a  very  dissimilar  character  are  pro- 
duced by  the  combination  of  the  same  elements  in 
different  proportions,  producing  substances,  in 
some  instances,  of  far  greater  activity  than  any 
of  the  articles  of  which  they  are  composed.  There 
is,  perhaps,  no  better  illustration  of  this  than  that 
offered  by  the  union  of  oxygen  and  nitrogen,  pro- 
ducing, when  combined  in  one  proportion,  atfnoa- 
pherio  air,  nitrous  oxide  in  another,  and  nitric 
dcid  in  &  third.'  Kor  are  we  sure  that  the  chemist 
is  able  to  detect  all  the  ingredients  which  mineral 
waters  contain.  The  very  teet9  which  reveal  some 
of  them  to  us  may  have  the  power  of  destroying 
others,  and  these^  too,  may  be  those  in  which  the 
medicinal  properties  reside.  The  remedial  prop- 
erties, then,  of  mineral  waters  cannot  be  determined 
with  any  certainty  by  analyeie,  however  nicely  con- 
dUiCted,  but  must  be  ascertained  by  experience. 
One  dozen  well  "vtatched"  cases,  under  the  use 
of  a  mineral  water,  will  do  more  to  determine 
the  medical  powers  and  applicability  of  such 
water  than  any  analysis  that  can  be  made  by  the 
ablest  chemist. 


n'-^'^^-W-^ff-'--fu 


BOOKBBIDai  ALUM  SPRIH08. 


n9 


1  \raters, 
peculiar 
:ception, 
i  this,  it 
e  of  any 
state  of 
very  one 
ce,  that 
are  pro- 
ments  in 
noes,  in 
ban  any 
i.  There 
ban  that 
jen,  pro- 
I,  atfnos' 
id  nitric 
chemist 
mineral 
eal  some 
Btroying 
hich  the 
al  prop- 
termined 
»ly  con- 
»erience. 
the  nse 
itermine 
of  such 
9  hy  the 


An  analysis  of  a  mineral  water  satisfies  curiosity 
as  to  the  materials  the  water  is  supposed  to  con- 
tain, while  it  enables  the  medical  man  to  form 
some  general  conclusions  as  to  the  most  prominent 
characteristics  of  the  water  as  a  remedial  agent. 
Thus  far,  they  are  valuable,  but  singly  and  alone, 
without  the  aid  of  observation  and  experience, 
they  never  can  be  safely  relied  upon  to  guide  in 
the  administration  of  a  remedial  water  in  indi- 
vidual  cases. 

This  position  finds  a  pertinent  illustration  in 
the  Rockbridge  Alum  water.  Who  would  not 
say,  looking  at  the  analysis  of  this  water  alone, 
that  its  operation  would  be  that  of  an  astringent 
upon  the  system  ?  while  the  fact  is,  that  it  purges 
seven  out  of  ten  that  use  it.  Again,  who  would 
have  judged,  from  a  mere  analysis  of  the  water, 
that  it  was  calculated  to  remove  a  great  reproach 
from  the  healing  art,  by  constituting  a  reliable 
remedy  for  scrofula,  a  disease  hitherto  so  entirely 
unmanageable  ?  Tet,  experience  has  established 
this  fact  beyond  controversy. 

Alum  waters  are  of  very  recent  introduction  its 
remedial  agents,  and  close  practical  observation  is 
yet  a  desideratum  as  to  their  peculiar  therapeu- 
tical agency  and  most  appropriate  medicinal 
.applicability.  These  waters  certainly  possess 
unequivocal  curative  powers,  and  although  their 
reputation  is  now  high,  they  are  destined  to  ad-^ 
vance  still  further  in  public  confidence.    Ezperi- 


280 


MINBRAL  WATBRS  OV  VIROINM. 


ence  has  fully  shown  that  they  are  very  effica- 
ciously used  in  many  diseases  of  the  skin  and 
glandular  system  ;  and  that  in  sero/uloua  affeotionn 
they  offer  new  hopes  to  the  afflicted. 

But  the  name  Alum,  applied  to  this  spring, 
while  it  is  intended  to  conform  to  the  general 
spring  nomenclature  of  calling  springs  after  some 
one  of  their  leading  ingredients,  is,  medically 
considered,  a  misnomer,  and  conveys  the  erro- 
neous idea  that  its  virtues  are  owing  to  the  alum 
it  holds  in  solution. 

Chemically  considered,  it  is  an  aluminous  aul- 
phaied  chalybeate,  containing,  as  will  he  seen  from 
its  analysis,  many  of  the  hest  materials  that  are 
found  in  the  most  valued  mineral  waters  in 
Europe,  or  this  country.  The  protoxide  of  iron, 
sodium,  potash,  lime,  magnesia,  and  ammonia, 
together  -with  sdlphuric,  carbonic,  orenic,  chloric 
and  silicic  acids,  exist  in  the  water  in  common 
with  alum.  Some  of  these  ingredients  are  found 
in  the  most  distinguished  of  the  English  and 
German  waters,  particularly  in  those  of  Tun- 
bridge,  Harrogate,  Leamington,  and  Aix-la- 
Ohapelle  ;  as  well  as  in  the  waters  of  the  famous 
Spa,  in  Oarthe;  in  those  of  Fassy,  and  in  the 
celebrated  springs  of  Bagneres,  in  Qaronne,  all 
of  which  have  acquired  a  world-wide  celebrity, 
for  the  cure  of  many  diseases  for  which  the  Bock- 
bridge  Alum  has  been  successfully  prescribed. 
The  fact  should  always  be  borne  in  mind,  by 


t 

e 
t 


^lfc>:H,ji!Ag!'>!ef»i^.AJMg?t5'J!.H.J| 


mi.:MgM, 


ROOKBKIDOI  ALUM  SPRINOfl. 


S8l 


f  offica- 
cin  and 
leotiona 

spring, 
general 
or  Bome 
edicalljr 
le  erro- 
le  alum 

out  auU 
Bn  from 
hat  are 
ters  in 
of  iron, 
tmonia, 

chloric 
ommon 
9  foand 
eh  and 
f  Tun- 
Aix-la- 
famous 

in  the 
me,  all 
lebrity, 
3  Bock- 
bed, 
ind,  bjr 


thoBO  who  aro  investigating  mineral  waters,  that 
it  is  rather  to  the  compound,  than  to  any  single 
ingredient  of  a  mineral  water,  that  we  aro  to 
look  for  its  medicinal  effioienoy,  and  the  scope  of 
its  applicability.      That  alum  is  an  important 
ingredient  in  the  compound  of  this  water,  I  do  not 
mean  to  question,  but  that  it  is  so  transcendently 
important  as  to  give  name  to  the  spring,  is  very 
questionable.    It  is  said  that  a  rose  by  any  other 
name  will  smell  as  sweet,  and  so  will  this  alumin- 
ous sviphated  chalybeate  be  just  as  efficacious  under 
the  appellation  of  Alum.      But  the  real  objection 
to  the  misnomer  lies  behind  this,  and  exists  in 
the    fact,   that  it  is  calculated  to  mislead  the 
uninitiated,  in  the  absence  of  analysis,  or  careful 
inquiry.      Indeed,  I   have  reason  to  know  that 
persons  have  not  unfrequently  been  disinclined  to 
visit  the  Alum,  influenced  by  the  name  alone,  and 
under  the  impression  that  the  water,  as  its  name 
imports,  would  act  as  an  astringent,  and  therefore 
be  hurtful  to  them .    How  great  is  the  error  of  such 
an  opinion,  every  one  who  has  been  much  at  the 
springs  is  aware ;  for,  so  far  from  being  astringent, 
the  Rockbridge  Alum  will  gently  purge  two-thirds 
of  the  cases  submitted  to  its  use. 

But  whether  the  name  be,  or  be  not,  the  best 
that  could  have  been  adopted,  it  is  now  a  fixture, 
established  by  many  years  usage,  and  is  not  likely 
ta  be  changed ;  and  my  only  object  in  calling 
attention  to  the  subject  is  to  enter  a  caution  against 
84* 


va-' 


MIKBRAL  WAIEBS  OF  VIRaiNIA. 


U 


persons  being  misled  as  to  the  character  of  the  water 
from  the  mere  name  of  the  spring. 

These  waters  have  been  rapidly  increasing  in 
the  public  favor  and  confidence  since  they  first 
became  a  resort  for  valetudinarians.  They  possess 
rare,  but  well-established  medicinal  virtues,  and 
as  their  therapeutical  applicability  shall  be  more 
closely  and  distinctly  defined,  they  must  still 
further  advance  in  popular  and  professional  con- 
fidence. 

The  immediate  effects,  of  these  waters,  under 
their  full  and  kindly  influences  upon  the  system, 
are  those  of  a  'febrifuge  tonic;  resembling  the 
action  of  r.ome  of  our  best  vegetable  medicines  of 
that  class ;  but  superior  to  them,  from  their  specific 
tendency  to  the  bowels  and  kidneys.   . 

By  theitr  diffusible  astringent  and  tonic  powers, 
they  resolve  the  congestions  of  engorged  viscera, 
and  remove  subacute  inflammations ;  thus  releas- 
ing and  giving  activity  to  the  fluids,  they  fill  up 
the  superficial  capillaries  and  veins,  and  give  a 
full,  slow  pulse,  with  a  warm  surface,  and  soft 
skin. 

They  purge  mildly,  perhaps,  two-thirds  of  the 
persons  that  use  them  freely.  Their  action  upon  the 
bidneyt,  is  generally  prompt,  sure,  and  sometimes 
active.  Their  action  upon  the  ^'n  is  secondary, 
and  is  the  result  of  their  sanative  action  upon  the 
blood-vessels  and  internal  organs,  by  resolving 
inflammation   and   congestions, — and   hence,-  is 


"•"-r'-rrwdn 


ROOKBRIOaB  ALUM  SPRINGS. 


288 


\0  water 

tsing  in 
67  first 
'  possess 
es,  and 
be  more 
ist  still 
lal  oon- 

,  under 
system, 
ing  the 
sines  of 
specific 

powers, 
viscera, 
I  releas- 
'  fill  up 
gire  a 
nd  soft 

I  of  the 
ipon  the 
netimes 
ondarj, 
pon  the 
solving 
inoe,-  it 


always.to  be  regarded  as  a  favorable  indication  in 
the  case. 

Experience  has  fully  shown  that  these  waters 
are  very  efficaciously  prescribed  in  many  diseases 
of  the  skin  and  glandular  system ;  lupus  and  other 
malignant  ulcerations  of  the  mouth  and  throat, 
have  been  cured  by  them. 

In  various  chronic  affections  of  the  digestive 
organs,  either  simple,  or  implicating  the  liver, 
they  aro  advantageously  used. 

They  are  very  valuable  in  mesenteric  affections, 
particularly  in  persons,  old  or  young,  of  scorbutic 
tendencies. 

In  c^rmic  diarrhoBa,  they  display  speedy  and 
happy  effects. 

Being  prompt  and  active  as  a  diuretic,  when 
judiciously  used,  they  are  found  very  beneficial  in  ^ 
chronic  irrOations,  and  dehility  of  the  kidney,  blad- 
der, and  urethra. 

To  several  of  the  affections  commonly  known  as 
femaie  diseases,  they  are  very  happily  adapted. " 
In  leutxnrhata,  as  would  readily  be  inferred  from 
their  composition,  they  are  an  admirable  remedy ; 
often  curing  that  disease,  although  it  has  been  a 
complaint  of  long  standing.  In  menorrhagia, 
unattended  with  plethora  of  the  blood-vessels, 
and  with  the  system  in  a  condition  to  bear 
tonics,  they  may  be  prescribed  with  great  confi- 
dence. In  amenorrhoea  and  dysmenorrhcea,  where 
ft  phlogosed  state  of  the  system  does  not  contrar 


284 


MINSBAL  WATBBS  OV  VntOIKU. 


indicate  the  use  of  mineral  tonics,  they  i^ay  he 
used  to  eminent  advantage.  In  the  cMorotic 
condition  of  the  female  system  generally,  and 
especially  wjien  the  tendency  is  great  to  paucity 
or  poverty  of  biood,  the  waters  will  he  used  to 
much  adyantage. 

In  ancemic  conditions  generally,  and  in  cases  of 
dehility  and  loss  of  tone  in  the  nervous  system, 
they  may  he  administered  with  much  confidence. 

Bronchitis,  when  in  connection  with  a  strumous 
diathesis,  may  he  treated  hy  these  waters  to  great 
advantage ;  in  such  cases,  it  will  he  found  to  he 
on6  of  our  hest  remedies. 

In  Ocutralgia,  or  nervous  dyspepsia,  they  often 
act  most  kindly  and  effectively,  hy  changing  the 
action  of  the  mucous  memhrane,  and  relieving  it 
of  its  suhi^sute  irritation. 

They  actively  promote  the  appetite,  and  in- 
vigorate the  digestive  powers. 

But  it  is  especially  in  Scnfida,  that  these  waters 
have  won  their  highest  honors  and  estahlished  a 
reputation,  not  only  among  the  hest .  mineral 
waters  of  this  country,  hut  of  the  world.  Their 
happy  comhination  of  tonic,  alterative,  diuretic 
and  aperient  qualities,  render  them  an  efficient 
remedy  in  many  of  the  ills  of  humanity;  hut 
especially  in  the  various  forms  of  atrvmoiu  disease, 
and  even  their  worst  forms,  they  merit  confidence 
and  deserve  praise.  In  this  formidahle  class  of 
affections,    whether     exhibiting    itself   in    the 


ROOKBBIDQB  ALUM  SPRINOS. 


286 


19  ay  be 
•hlorotio 
y,  and 
paucity 
ised  to 

cases  of 
system, 
Sdence. 
ruinous 
;o  great 
i  to  be 

y  often 
ng  the 
iving  it 

kud  in- 

I  waters 
ished  a 
aineral 
Their 
liuretio 
)ficient 
j;  but 
lisease, 
ifidence 
;las8  of 
in    the 


|ftllflj)|»i>hailjrii.jrXlj)|(-Billi  I 


hardened  and  enlarge'd  glands,  and  in  ulcerations 
in  children — in  ophthalmic  inflammations ;  in 
mesenteric  indurations,  or  in  its  more  intense  and 
pervading  development  of  adult  life,  they  have 
been  extensi*rely  used;  and  generally  with  great 
benefit  to  the  sufferers. 

Scrofula,  or  Kings  Evil,  has  heretofore,  to  a 
large  extent,  stood  as  a  reproach  to  the  healing 
art ;  for  although  occasional  remedies  have  claimed 
reputation  for  its  cure,  and  often  not  without  solid 
merit,  it  may  well  be  doubled  whether  any  has 
yet  come  into  popular  use,  that  is  more  generally 
successful  than   the    Bockbridge  Alum  waters, 
when    properly  administered.    This  opinion    of 
their  high  merit  fn  such  cases,  is  not  the  result 
of  slight  observations,  or  of  their  fortunate  effects 
in  one  or  two  remarkable  cases  ;  on  the  contrary,  it 
is  the  result  of  the  know^ledge  of  their  employment 
for  many  years,  in  cases  of  various  degrees  of 
intensity,  and  in  patients  of  dissimilar  ages  and 
constitutions.    The  suffering    of  thousands,    in 
whom  the  germ  of  scrofula  is  implanted,  (or  who 
are  laboring  under  its  developed  evils,  and  who 
are  not  likely,  as  I  believe,  to  obtain  a  mote 
efficient  remedy  than  is  afforded  by  these  waters,) 
will  be  esteemed  a  sufficient  justification  for  the 
earnestness  with  which  I  indicate  my  confidence 
of  their  use  in  such  cases.    But  let  me  not  be 
misunderstood  as  intending  to  convey  the  impres-- 
sion  that  they  will  cure  every  case  of  this  disease,^ 


S86 


MIHXBAIi  WATBB8  OT  YIBGINIA. 


whatever  may  be  its  seat,  character,  or  combina- 
tion ;  both  my  judgment  and  experience  fall  short 
of  this  twnolusion ;  but  they  both  concur  in 
regarding  the  remedy  as  among  the  best,  if  not 
the  very  best,  now  known  for  "wrofula,  and 
one  that  is  calculated  to  brighten  the  hopes  of 
those  who  may  be  the  subjects  of  this  formidable 
malady. 

^  The  Bookbridge  Alum,  as  therapeutic  water,  is 
not  a  negative  agent ;  its  effect^  upon  the  system 
are  positive,  direct,  and  palpable.  It  is,  in  a  high 
sense  of  the  term,  a  tnetUcimd  water,  capable, 
when  properly  directed  and  applied,  of  doing 
great  good  in  a  wide  circle  of  cases,  or  when 
injudidously  used,  of  disappoiniing  hopes,  and 
producing  injury.  It  does  not  belong  to  that 
anomalous  class  of  agents  of  which  it  is  often  said 
*^^*they  will  do»np  harm  if  they  do  no  good." 
8nch  being  the  potent  character  of  these  wateris, 
the  ittipportance  that  cases,  which  are  to  be 
■ubmMNlBd  to  their  use,  shouM  be  carefully 
discriminated,  and  that  the  water  should  be 
employed  under  ihe  direction  of  judgment  and 
experience,  must  be  apparent  to  all.  It  is  a 
fortunate  circumstance  for  the  invalid  public,  as 
well  as  [for  the  solid  reputation  of  the  springs, 
that  severid  medical  gentlemen  of  intelligence 
and  acquirements,  are  in  the  habit  of  making  their 
residence  there  during  the  watering  seasons, 
whose  experience  has  made  them  famiUar  with 


a 

f 
v 
c 
1: 


'IWisiiijaiiijjtfirtMritiiii.^^^^ 


iV0iflf/ft  »j^v^ifi(ili^liiitiili^^iti0^^       nu. 


BOOKBRIDOB  ALUM  SPRINaS. 


28t 


combina- 
fall  short 
racur  in 
it,  if  not 
ila,  and 
hopes  of 
rmidable 

nrater,  is 
)  system 
in  a  high 
capable, 
>f  doing 
)r  when 
)es,  and 
:  to  that 
•ften  said 
good." 
waters, 
»  to  he 
;arefiuUy 
ould  he 
lent  and 
It  is  a 
iblic,  as 
springs, 
illigencie 
ng  their 
seasonsi 
iar  with 


the  powers  and  applicabilities  of  the  water,  and 
who  are  therefore  qualified  to  direct  the  invalid  in 
its  proper  use. 

The  bcUhing  estcMishmeni  at  this  place,  completed 
within  tho  last  year,  succeifsfully  supplies  a  want 
that  visitors  had  previously  experienced.  Not 
only  the  ordinary  hot,  cold  and  shower  baths  are 
supplied,  but  also  the  Btusian  vapor  bath,  a  style 
of  bath  heretofore  but  little  known  to  the  masses , 
of  our  people.  This  steam  bath,  which  is  simply 
the  vapor  of  pure  mountain  water,  is,  as  adminis- 
tered here,  one  of  the  greatest  luxuries  of  bathing. 
Simply  as  a  means  of  thoroughly  deanaing  the  aikin, 
and  so  of  invigorating  the  whole  system  and 
equalising  the  circulation,  it  is,  perhaps, 
unexcelled  efen  by  the  famous  Turkish  bath  as 
administered  at  Constantinople.  When  the  public 
become  more  familiar  with  the  use  of  the  simple 
steam  bath,  and  the  popular  idea  of  its  hazard 
gives  way  to  the  results  of  actual  experience,  it 
must  become  a  favorite  not  only  as  a  luxury,  but 
also  as  a  hygienic  agent. 

The  Alum  water  has  become  an  extensive 
article  of  commerce,  and  is  largely  transported 
from  the  springs,  both  in  wood  and  glass,  to  be 
used  by  persons  at  a  distance,  and  is  believed  to 
contain  all,  or  most,  of  its  curative  powers,  after 
being  thus  transported. 

The  residuary  salts  of  the  water  obtained  by 
evaporation,  are  also  a  subject  of  transportation, 


■MWMU^tNriHMMa^MMMWlMIKEi 


288 


HIRIRAL  WATIB8  01  VIRaiHU. 


and  are  frequently  used  in  substitution,  where  the 
water  cannot  be  procured.  A  piece  of  this 
residuum,  or  mass,  of  the  size  of  a  common  pea, 
dissolved  in  a  half-pint  of  common  water,  will 
make  it  of  about  the  strength  of  the  water  at  the 
spring.  This  mass*  administered  in  the  dose  of 
from  three  to  four  grains,  in  aromatic  syrup  of 
rhubarb,  and  repeated  thrice  daily,  has  proved  a 
.  valuable  remedy  in  obstinate  bowel  complaints  of 
children,  produced  from  teething,  when  unat- 
tended with  fever.  In  adillt  practice,  it  is 
sometimes  beneficially  used  in  the  dose  of  from 
five  to  fifteen  grains,  to  strengthen  and  promote 
digestion. 

The  proprietors  of  this  watering  place  have 
adopted  the  plan  of  keeping  open  their  establish- 
ment for  the  use  of  invalids,  during  the  spnnj^r  and 
fall  mouths,  as  well  as  during  the  summer. 

This  is  an  excellent  arrangement,  inasmuch  as 
it  affords  to  invalids  the  opportunity  of  using  the 
waters  fresh  at  the  spring,  unannoyed  by  the 
summer  crowd.  The  strength  of  the  water,  and 
its  medicinal  action  upon  the  system,  will  be 
found  to  be  essentially  the  same  during  the  spring, 
summer,  and  fall.      . 


fiMi 


iMHIW 


where  the 

of    this 

imon  pea, 

ater,  will 

iter  at  the 

e  dose  of 

syrup  of 

proved  a 

plaints  of 

en   nnat- 

30,    it   is 

>  of  from 

,  promote 

ace  hare 
establiah- 
tpringvad 
er. 

smuch  as 
uing  the 
d  bjr  the 
ater,  and 
,  will  be 
le  spring, 


■iiittrM 


miimmimimmmmiimmmmi»mmmmmmm0mmimmiimmm)f!>> 


BATH  ALUM  8PIUKCNB. 


CHAPTER  XVII. 
BATH   ALTTM    SPRINOS. 

Thb  Bath  Alum  Springs  are  situated  near  the 
eastern  base  of  the  Warm  Spring  Mountain,  on 
the  main  stage  road  leading  from  Staunton  to 
the  Warm  Springs,  forty-five  mJIfB  west  from 
the  former,  and  five  miles  '  east-  from  the  latter 
place. 

The  valley,  in  which  they  arise,  is  an  extensive 
cove,  irregularly  encircled  by  mountains,  with 
an  unproductive  sandy  soil,  and  affords  indications 
of  salubrity  and  healthfulness. 

It  is  only  within  the  last  five  years  that  these 
springs  began  to  attract  public  attention  as  a 
mineral  water ;  and  it  does  not  exceed  eight  yewcs 
since  the  grounds  near  the  springs,  now  so 
elegantly  and  tastefully  improved,  were  a  wild 
and  primitive  forest.  This  great  change,  by 
which  the  "desert  was  made  to  blossom  as  the 
rose,"  was  brought  about  by  the  energy  of- 
the  late  lamented  John  W.  Frazier,  Esq., 
8tt 


..j.i.iii^ini,..i|ll^;t||i; 


iMMIill 


a'liiiijW,.^  jWMJi  iii.ipiroiiii!|ijj.i!; 


MINBRAL  WATraS  Off  YntQINIA. 

whose  family  itill  own  a  large  interest  in  the 
property. 

The  improvements  here  are  extensive,  substan- 
tial, and  convenient,  affording  comfortable  and 
elegant  accommodations  for  a  largo  company. 

The  Alum  waters  issue  from  a  slatestone  cliff  of 
twelve  or  fifteen  feet  high,<and  are  received  into 
ft2;4«ll  reservoirs,  that  have  ^n  excavated  near 
each  other  in  the  rock.  These  different  springs,' 
or  reservoirs,  differ  essentially  from  each  other. 
One  of  them  is  a  very  strong  chalybeate,  with  but 
little  alum ;  another  is  a  milder  chalybeate,  with 
more  alumina ;  while  the  others  are  alum  of 
different  degrees  of  strength,  but  all  containing 
an  apprecialU  quantity  of  iron. 

Prof.  Hayes,  of  Boston,  the  same  gentleman  to 
whom  we  are  indebted,  for  the  analysis  of  several 
of  our  mineral' springs,  has  analyzed  the  waters 
of  the  Bath  Alum,  and  renders  the  following 
results  from  his  chemical  investigations. 

"A  standard  gallon  (68*872  grs.)  was  the 
measure  of  each  water  used  in  the  determination 
of  the  quantities  of  the  substances  found.  The 
experiments  necessary  for  ascertaining  the 
presence  or  absence  of  other  substances  than 
those  named,  were  made  on  much  larger 
quantities,  so  as  to  render  the  chemical  history 
more  exact. 

«The  first  sample,  Bath  Alum  No.  1,*  at  the 


*  BefbRing  to  the  lowest  spring. 


BATH  ALUM  BPBIHQB. 


a»i 


t  in  the 

ittbstan- 
bble  and 
my. 

ke  cliff  of 
ived  into 
bed  near 
springs, 
ih  other, 
with  but 
hte,  with 
»lum  of 
Qtaining 

ieman  to 
r  several 
)  waters 
allowing 

was  the 
nination 
id.  The 
ng  the 
es  than 
larger 
history 

"  at  the 


temperature  of  60°  F.  one  standard  g^A^ion  of  this 
water  contains : — 


Of 


Boda :. 0-720 

Potadi »»•«*•• 

Ammoiii* ~ 0^ 

MagneaiiL 0-MO 

Protoxide  of  Inm v " •*'''• 

Ahunliu .«•    •••• Mi.M.x  8*080 

Of  Moldt:  Bulphorio  tcW. W'W 

Carbonic    "    *1<» 

BUido         "    IMO 

Orgmic      '•    " !•<»* 

Chlorino     "    ••• •••• •••••«•••  v  107 


••••••••t*t  ■•■ 


"When  their  proximate  constituents  are 
arranged,  so  as  to  represent,  as  nearly  as  it  is 
possible,  the  compounds  which  experiments  prove 
to  exist  in  the  water,  the  composition  of  the  whole 
may  be  expressed  as — 


68KM-587 
5-806 
4-140 
8-805 

s-sn 


Fore  water. 

Free  solph.  add.. 

Carbonic  add 

Solpbate  of  lime 
BoliAate  of  _ 
Protoxide  inm ....« **"" 

Chloride  of  MkUom. ~ - -  W™ 

Bffioate  of  loda. - *"<** 

Crenato  of  ammonia...... ~—  I'M® 

Ojjs^  added  to  wdinm ••; 0^^ 

45-448 


\ 


iiilii.ij|ii 


i 


.i.i,ii,i|ii!liiiia!|ij||iip)P' 


mn  ■        MiKiiuL  WATnu  or  tiroinia. 

Saiifijih  No.  2,  Bath  Alum  No.  8. 
"In    one  gallon  'of  this   sample  there  were 
oontained— 

AibUM:  Potaah...... „ 0.140 

Soda 0-850 

Ammonia „ „ 0*468 

Hagneaia. 0'480 

Lime »....., 1*040 

Protoxide  of  iroo. 10*814 

Alomina „ 8*680 

Aa  adda:  Balphiirio  acid. 80*8S0 

Cftrbonio    "    .„ „ 8*846 

Organic      "    „ 1810 

SiUcic         "    8-800 

ClUorine     "    trace. 

"These  substances  united  in  the  form  of  salts 
as  existing  in  the  water,  give  the  matter  foreign 
to  pure  water. 

"The  composHion  of  the  gallon  in  grains  ii 

Pnre  water. 68817*806 

Free  anlphoric  add..... „..,.       7-878 

Carbonic  add.... » 8*846 

Snlphate  of  potaah 208 

Mweaia „       1-888 

^^*^ 8*580 

Protoxide  of  iron..... ^..,.„ 81*776 

Alnmin* - 18*2US 

prenate  of  ammonia 1770 

Silicate  of  soda. 8*150 

64*708 
Pore  water. „„....68817*208 

08878*000 


MMNMVHi 


mmmmmmii 


mtfrnmimm 


mmimmimgititBli 


BATH  ALUM  BPBINQM. 


298 


re  were 


0.140 
0-8S0 
0-468 
0-486 
1-040 
10-814 
8-680 
10-880 
8-846 
1-810 
8-800 
trace. 

of  salts 
foreign 

ni  is— 

7-806 
7-878 
8-846 
888 
1-888 
8-S89 
1-776 

i-im 

1-776 
8180 

4^ 
7-808 

2^ 


«'  This  sample  differs  from  the  first  in  acting 
much  uioro  strongly  on  the  organs  of  taste,  and 
the  quantity  of  free  sulphuric  acid  is  larger  than 
in  that  water.  Both  thiin  waters  are  highly  acid 
in  their  action,  although  the  acid  is  united  to 
hases,  which  in  part  neutralize  its  power.  When 
hy  hoiliag  a  deposit  takes  place,  if  the  heat  is 
continued,  the  deposited  matter  re-dissolves  as  the 
water  evaporates. 

"When  much  reduced  in  volume  by  evapo- 
ration, the  excess  of  acid  chars  the  organic  acid 
present,  and  alters  the  composition  of  the  salts. 
"  In .  considering  the  composition  ot  these 
waters,  the  protoxide  of  iron  is  assumed  to  he 
united  to  the  sulphuric  acid.  The  change  pro- 
duced by  heating  is  referred  to"  the  action  of  the 
crenate  of  ammonia,  and  is  the  same  as  ordinarily 
where  crenates,  free  from  apocrenates,  are 
naturally  contained  in  a  water.  When  mixpd 
with  the  soluble  salts  of  silver  and  exposed  to 
light,  the  gray  color  is  entirely  distinct  from  that 
produced  by  either  apocrenates,  humates  or  any 
decomposing  matter.  When  the  metallic  silver 
and  oxide  of  iron,  resulting  from  the  first  action, 
are  removed,  the  mixture  by  evaporation  continues 
to  afford  brilliant  scales  of  metallic  silver,  until 
reduced  to  a  small  volume. 

"The  gaseous    matter    in  these  waters  is  a 
mixture  of  carbonic  acid,  nitrogen,  and  a  small 
proportion  of  oxygen,  and  the  measure  is  about 
85* 


.■jii.'.ijjiia.;,"''""'" 


2H 


HINBRAL  WAIBBS  OF  VHiaiKIA. 


one  volume  of  the  mixed  gases  to  forty  volumes 
of  the  water.  The  carbonic  acid  is  given  hy 
weight,  so  that  a  uniform  expression  of  acid 
relation  is  adopted,-  and  no  misconception  can 
arise,  if  the  reader  bears  in  mind  the  fact,  that 
carbonic  acid  has  more  than  twice  the  acid  or 
neutralizing  power  possessed  by  the  strongest 
fluid  sulphuric  acid." 

Dr.  Strother,  an  intelligent  physician,  who  long 
resided  in  the  neighborhood,  thought  *cry  favor- 
ably of  them  in  acro/uloua,  eruptive  and  dyepepHc 
affectiona.  He  also  bears  testimony  to  their  good 
effects  in  old  hepatic  derangemmta,  chronic  d^rrhcea, 
(Tronic  thrush,  nervous  debUitp,  and  in  various 
uteritie  diaeasea,  especially  in  the  worst  forms  of 
menorrhagia,  and  in  Jluar  dibus,  both  uterine  and 
vaginal. 

In  chlorotic  females,  and  in  a  broken-down  con- 
dition of  the  nervous  system,  often  in  males  the 
result  of  youthful  improprieties,  as  well  as  when 
the  system  is  tmoBmio,  but  free  from  obstinate 
visceral  obstructions,  this  water  promises  to  be 
very  beneficial. 

Its  high  chalybeate  and  aluminous  impregnation 
manifests  decided  tonic  and  astringent  powers, 
ai^d  indieates  its  adaptation  to  a  number  of  diseases, 
such  as  hsBmorrhages  of  the  passive  character,  the 
profluvia,  obstinate  cutaneous  and  ulcerative 
diseases,  and  anamio  conditions  of  the  system 
generally,  that  are  unattended  with  visceral 
obstructions. 


BOOKBBIDOB  BATHS. 


295 


volumes 
iven  hy 
of  acid 
tion  can 
tot,  that 
acid  or 
trongest 

rho  long 
y  favor- 


sir  good 
arrhcea, 
various 
orms  of 
ine  and 

urn  con- 
ties  tbe 
ks  when 
)8tinate 
I  to  he 

;nation 
lowers, 
iseases, 
er,  the 
erative 
system 
isceral 


CHAPTEB  XVni. 

BoMridgt  Batht—Daggar't  iSpring»—CM   Suljphw  8pring»— 
BtrHUng  Bpringt. 

ROCKBRIDGE  BATHS. 

This  new  Virginia  8pa  is  situated  in  the  County 
of  Bockbridge,  on  the  stage  road  from  Lexington 
to  the  Ooshen  Depot,  on  the  Central  Railroad,  and 
about  equi-distant  frotn  the  two  places. 

The  waters  of  these  baths  are  impregnated  witb 
iron,  and  abounds  richly  in  carbonic  acid  gas. 
There  are  here  two  bold  springs,  furnishing  suffi- 
cient water  for  two  bathing  establishments.  The 
property  is  owned  by  a  company  of  gentlemen 
residing  in  Rockbridge,  who,  in  the  course  of  the 
last  few  years,  have  erected  handsome  and  con-- 
venient  improvements,  capable  of  accommodating 
from  15U  to  200  visitors. 

As  a  tonic  bath,  adapted  to  nervous  diseasCa, 
general  debility^  and  to  that  comprehensive  class 
of  cases  found  to  be  so  essentially  benefited  by 
tonic  bathing — and  especially  after  the  use  of 
alterative  mineral  waters — these  baths  will  be 
found  highly  efficacious,  and  are  destined  to  be  a 
favorite  resort  to  a  large  class  of  invalids. 


*)«#■ 


296 


MINERAL  WATBBS  OF  TtBOINIA. 


They  are  conveniently  reached,  either  fr»m 
Lexington  or  Goshen  Depot,  by  stages  running 
over  well-graded  roads. 

DAQGAR'S  SPRINGS. 

Daogar's  Spring  is  in  the  extreme  northwestern 
portion  of  Botetourt  County,  thirty  miles  east  of 
the  great  Alleghany  chain  of  mountains,  and  just 
at  the  western  base  of  the  Garden  mountain,  on 
the  main,  road  from  Lynchburg  to  the  White 
Sulphur,  by  way  of  the  James  Biver .Canal.  It  is 
nineteen  miles  west,  by  a  direct  road,  from  the 
Natural  Bridge,  and  twenty-eight  miles  from  that 
place  by  the  way  of  Buchanan,  the  route  usually 
traveled. 

The  spring  was  first  opened  as  a  watering  place 
some  forty  years  6go,  by  a  gentleman  by  the  name 
of  Daggar,  and  hence  its  name.  Subsequently, 
it  was  owned  by  the  late  James  W.  Dibrell,  Esq. 
of  Bichmond.  The  present  proprietor  is  Mr. 
Shields,  whose  good  cheer  and  kindly  attention  to 
his  guests,  makes  him  favorably  knowii  to  the 
public. 

!rhe  improvements  here  are  neat,  appropriate 
and  ctHufortable,  and  calculated  for  two  hundred 
persons.  i 

The  company  that  assembles  at  this  place  has 
heretofore  been  largely  composed  of  persons  from 
the  towns  and  villages  of  the  surrounding  country, 


iiWMMiiiitaiiM^ 


ll!WWgj|immiWi.'M»J'ttii.U,iU.l. 


"■iii.rfiiw 


daggar's  spbinqs. 


297 


ber  frDm 
running 


hwestern 
es  east  of 
and  just 
ntain,  on 
le  White 
al.  It  is 
from  the 
from  that 
e  usually 

ing  place 
the  name 
squently, 
rell,  Esq. 
r  is  Mr. 
ention  to 
Q  to  the 

propriate 
hundred 

)lace  has 
ions  from 
country, 


and  from  Eastern  Virginia,  constituting  a  most 
agreeable  and  sociable  circle.  Indeed,  the  place 
has  long  been  remarkable  for  sociability,  and  there 
are  few,  if  any  situations  in  our  mountains,  where 
a  period  of  relaxation  from  the  cares  and  business 
of  life  can  be  more  agreeably  spent.  Free  and 
easy  social  intercourse,  sanctioned  and  sustained 
by  the  polite  courtesies  of  life,  while  it  is  delightful 
in  itself,  powerfully  contributes  to  the  relief  of 
many  ills  that  flesh  is  heir  to.  It  well  deserves  to 
be  taken  into  the  account  of  the  advantages  ac- 
cruing to  the  invalid  at  watering  places,  and 
cannot  for  a  moment  be  overlooked  by  those  who 
resort  to  such  places  for  pleasure  merely. 

The  spring,  which  arises  at  the  termination  of  a 
pretty  lawn  in  front  of  the  hotel,  and  about  two 
hundred  yards  distant  from  it,  is  a  very  bland  and 
agreeable  sulphur  water,  acting  kindly  as  a 
diur^iCf  aperient,  and  gentle  alterative.  Holding 
in  solution  essentially  the  same  medicinal  ingre- 
dients, though  probably  not  in  as  large  amount 
as  distinguish  our  strongest  sulphur  waters,  it 
may  be  used  advantageously  in  the  various 
diseases  for  which  sulphur  waters  generally  are 
employed.  Being  less  exciting  than  many  of 
them,  and  acting  at  the  same  time  kindly  on  the 
various  emunctories,  it  is  better  adapted  to  some 
cases  than  the  more  potent  waters. 

Professor  Bogers  has  examined  this  water 
chemically,  but  failed  to  make  his  analysis  quan- 
titative. 


!ffW??frWf1)&. 


298 


MINERAL  WATSfiS  OF  VIBOINIA. 


The  gcueous  contents  are  found  to  consist  of — 


CarlK>nic  acid, 
Sulphuretted  hydrogen, 

The  aoUd  contents  of — 
Carbonate  of  magnesia, 
Carbonate  of  soda, 
Peroxide  of  iron. 


Oxygen, 
Nitrogen. 

Sulphate  of  soda, 
Chloride  of  sodium , 
Silica  dissolved. 
He  also  found  organic  maiter,  containing  chloride 

o/potassiumj  nitrogen^  carbonate  of  iron,  and  oar- 

honate  of  ammonia. 

Daggar's  Springs  are  very  valuable  mineral 
waters.  The  character  of  the  salts  found  to  exist 
in  them  compares  favorably  with  our  first  dass 
sulphur  waters.  Their  entire  exemption  from  the 
sulphate  and  carbonate  of  limo,  so  commonly 
impregnating  sulphur  waters,  while  they  hold  in 
solution  the  cdrbonate,  sulphate  and  chloride  of 
sodium,  with  the  chloride  of  potassium,  is  well 
worthy  of  note  in  estimating  their  value  and 
peculiar  adaptations. 

Their  composition,  while  it  points  th«n  but  as 
a  hland  and  agreeable  remedy  for  irritable  con- 
ditions of  the  stomach  and  bowels,  particularly 
indicates  their  adaptation  to  gouty  diatkesisy  and 
for,  several  forms  of  cystic  mnd  renal  affections. 
Experience  in  the  use  of  the  waters  has  very  satis- 
factorily shown,  that,  in  diseases  of  the  kidneys 
and  bladder,  attended  with  discharges  of  sabulous 
ooncrotions,  (and,  consequently,  with  a  tendency 


mmmmmmmm 


mtmm 


-*<<g 


tJUBSO!!^-'- 


rtof— 


of  soda, 
f  sodium, 
lolved.  ; 
g  chlorich 
and  oar- 
mineral 
i.  to  exist 
irst  dass 
from  the 
ommonly 
Y  hold  in 
iloride  of 
,  is  well 
ftlue  and 

m  out  as 
ible  con- 
ticularly 
iesM>and 
ffections. 
ery  satis- 
kidneys 
sabulous 
tendency 


|l|jBi«rf;l>ii|i|l»^jji|>jij)(,B 


DAOaAR'8  SPBINQ8. 


299 


to  calcultta,)  they  have  been  employed  with  excel- 
lent success.  The  benefit  derived  in  such  cases 
is  due  in  part  to  their  tendency  to  increase  the 
flow  of  urine,  thus  affording  an  easier  exit  for  the 
extraneous  matter,  and  doubtless,  in  part,  to  their 
specific  effects  in  alterating  the  fluids  upon  whose 
condition  the  morbid  tendency  depends. 

In  simple  Dytpepna,  these  waters  are  found 
eminently  serviceable  ;  and  the  same  may  be  said 
of  chronic    affections  of  the  abdominal  viscera 

generally. 

In  derangements  of  the  hUiary  organg,  unat- 
tended with  obstinate  obstructions,  they  are  used 
to  great  advantage. 

The  Daggar's  Springs  are  waters  upon  the  use 
of  which  the  invalid,  who  desires  gentle  aperieiU, 
diuretic,  or  oKcrortw  effects,  may  enter  with  much 
hope,  and  without  that  fear  of  over-stimulating 
the  organs  which  demands  a  prompt  and  decided 
caution  in  the  use  of  many  sulphur  waters. 

Persons  travelling  from  the  South  or  Southwest, 
who  wish  to  go  to  Daggar's,  Aheuld  leave  the 
Virginia  and  Tennessee  Kailroad  at  Buford's 
Depot,  thirty-seven  miles  west  of  Lynchburg. 
From  that  point  stages  run  over  graded  roads  to 
Daggar's,  a  distance  of  twenty-eight  miles. 

From  the  White  Sulphur,  Sweety  and  Bed  Sweet 
Springs,  Daggar's  arc  equi^listant,  being  about 
forty-three  miles  from  either  place. 


IXtP^iiipt" 


300 


lONEBAIi  WAXEBS  0I>  TIBOIKU. 


COLD  SULPHUR  SPRING. 

This  is  *a  very  pleasant  Sulphur  Spring,  about 
seven  miles  east  of  the  Rockbridge  Alum,  and 
two  miles  west  from  Ooahen  Depot,  on  the  Central 
Railroad,  in  the  County  of  Rockbridge. 

Theater  of  this  Spring  haisi  not  been  analyzed. 
It  is  distinctly  of  the  sulphurous  character,  how- 
ever, and  has  acquired  a  considerable  amount 
of  fevor  as  a  medicinal  agent,  as  well  as  a  pleasant 
place  of  resort,  with  those  who  have  visited  it. 

The  accommodations,  under  the  management  of 
the  owner,  Mr.  Seech,  are  sufficient  for  about  one 
hundred  persons. 

The  general  medicinal  adaptations  of  the  water 
are  the  same  as  those  of  the  other  Sulphurous 
waters  pf  the  country,  which  have  been  fully 
noticed  in  treating  of  the  White  Sulphur  waters, 
&c.,  &c.  ' 

•    VARIETY  SPIONOS. 

Tms  name  has  been  given  to  a  series  of  fountains 
in  close  connection  with  each  other,  in  the  County 
of  Augusta,  seventeen  miles  west  from  the  town 
of  Staunton,  and  near  the  "  Pond  Gap  "  Station, 
on  the  Central  Railroad. 

These  springs  ue  entirely  new  in  their  intro- 
duction to  public  notice,  and  as  yet  very  little 


iiii.wMiiiii 


Kimnmiuii.iiiy,  ij.ii.ji 


"'■  'igiwiie*! 


H^illMtia 


gBSfS^&ji 


VARIBTT   SPUNOB.— filRIBUra'S    SPRINGS.      301 


ig,  about 
lum,  and 
e  Central 

analyzed, 
iter,  how- 
>  amount 
•  pleasant 
ted  it. 
;ement  of 
tbout  one 

;be  water 
Iphurous 
len  fully 
r  waters, 


improvement  has  been  made  here  for  entertaining 
company.  For  -the  last  year  or  two  they  have 
been  quite  successful  in  attracting  Wsitors  from 
the  immediate  surrounding  country. 

The  name  Variety,  applied  to  these  springs, 
seems  to  be  appropriate  and  well-chosen,  as  there 
are  here  not  only  an  Alum  and  a  Chalybeate 
spring,  and  one  of  the  peculiar  characteristics  of 
th^  Healing  spring,  in  the  County  of  Bath,  but 
also  several  others  diflfering  from  all  these,  but 
of  whose  precise  character  have  not  been  well 
defined. 

These  waters  have  been  too  short  a  time  in  use 
to  have  established  any  thing  like  a  definite 
record  of  theip  medicinal  virtues  or  adaptations ; 
nor  have  any  of  them,  I  believe,  been  analyzed  ; 
their  favorable  location,  however,  and  the  variety 
and  promising  character  of  their  waters,  bid  fair 
to  bring  them  prominently  into  public  notice,  and 
ultimately  to  induce  to  the  erection  of  such  im- 
provements as  a  growing  patronage  will  demand. 


buntains 
)  County 
the  town 
Station, 

ir  intrq- 
ry  little 


)Hi|iii<.ii|iii;iH|jil^l|pH 


STRIBLINO'S  SPRINOS. 

This  watering  place  has  been  known  and  visited 
for  more  than,  thirty  years.  It  derives  its  name 
from  Erasmus  Stribling,  Esq.,  who  first  improved 
it  in  reference  to  its  mineral  properties. 

'These  springs  are  in  the  county  of  Augusta, 
26 


xSmiM 


MINERAL  WATKB0  OV  VIBQINU. 


thirteen  miles  north  of  Staunton,  from  which  they 
may  be  conveniently  reached  by  stage-coaohes. 

For  many  years  this  place  was  valued  mainly 
on  account  of  its  Sulphur  and  Chalybeate  yirtAeTB, 
but  within  the  last  few  years  an  Alum  Spring  of 
much  promise  has  been  opened  near  the  Sulphur 
fountain,  and  the  place  now  presents  the  three 
varieties  of  Sidphur,  Alum  and  Chalybeate,  to  the 
choice  of  the  visitant.  > 


The  Sulphur  Spring  has  been  long  known  as  -a 
safe  and  valuable  water  of  its  kind,  efficacious  for 
the  various  diseases  for  which  such  waters  are  * 
generally  employed. 

Professor  Campbell,  of  Washington  College,  has 
analyzed  this  spring,  and  produceli  the  following 
results  from  a  atandard  gallon  of  the  water : 

I 

OHrtwnic  add  gu....^........  8'2BOealic  in.  8-899  gndns. 

Snlpli.  hydrogen  gaB..~.......8-470       "       M18  " 

Solphate  of  potaaaai~ 0-441  " 

"       of  sods. 0-818  "    • 

Chloride  of  aodlmn. 01110  " 

Curbonate  of  soda 1-208  ** 

**         of  Iime....>.~ 6-817  " 

"      '  of  magnesia...... 8-864  " 

Phoepliate  of  Ihne OOOS  '• 

Silicate  of  soda. 0*858  " 

Oigiaic  matter. 1-229  " 

18-7W     •• 
Thb  Alum  Spring  has  also  been  analysed  by 


iM 


A^uiiijriMi'niugjiiiiiiiliiMyiii,. 


-si 


lich  they 
«hes. 
.  mainly 
s  waters, 
spring  of 
Sulphur 
he  three 
i,  to  the 


»wii  as  'a 
cious  for 
ters  are 


ege,  has 
lUowing 
r: 


indiu. 

u 
u 
u 


jsedby 


#- 


siribuno'b  bpbinos. 


303 


Professor  Oamphell,  with  the  following  results 

from  a  standard  gallon  of  the  water : 

• 

Snlpluite  of  iron IS'iSS  graini. 

Teraulphatfl  of  ilQiiiiiia. 16-67S  " 

Sulphate  of  poUaM. 1-8M  " 

"      of  lime. ^  «-877  " 

"      of  magnesia. 8-871  " 

Chloride  of  sodium 0-640  " 

Orenate  of  ammonia 0*680  " 

Silica 1-5B0  " 

Free  sulphuric  acid. 91)99  " 

Carbonic  acid  gas »...  8-575  " 

65-859     " 

A  comparison  of  this  analysis  with  that  of  the 
Bockhridge  Alum,  shows  a  striking  similarity, 
not  only  in  the  character  of  the  ingredients  con-, 
tained  in  the  two  waters,  hut  also  in  the  relative 
proportion  of  such  ingredients. 

While  this  water  holds  in  solution  a  larger 
amount  of  aidphcUe  of  tron,  magneaia,  and  7«m«, 
it  contains  Somewhat  less  of  alumina,  potcuaa, 
aodium,  sUioa,  and  ammonia.  The  Bockhridge 
Alum,  it  will  he  seen,  contains  a  greater  weight 
of  ndphuric  and  carionic  acid  gas. 

While  both  public  and  professional  opinion  of 
the  value  of  this  water  is  very  favorable,  there 
seems,  nevertheless,  not  to  havb  been  any  con- 
siderable amount  of  careful  and  practical  observa- 
tion of  its  peculiar  therapeutic  effects,  in  a  large 
circle  of  oaaes^    To  ascertain  the  precise  thera- 


MnraRAL  WATBB8  OF  viRonru. 


peutio  agency  and  adaptation  of  a  mineral  water, 
it  ig  a  matter  of  the  utmost  importance  that  the 
pathological  character  of  the  cakes  submitted  to 
its  use  should  be  accurately  defined,  and  the 
effects  of  the  water  carefully  noted ;  under  such  a 
system  of  observation,  a  mineral  water  will  soon 
make  out  its  own  independent  record,  to  the  great 
advantage  of  the  invalid  public,  and  to  its  own 
solid  reputation. 

But  in  the  absence  of  such  actual  observation  of 
its  effects,  the  essential  similarity  of  this  water  to 
the  Rockbridge  waters,  whose  virtues  and  adapta- 
tions are  now  pretty  well  known,  leaves  no  reason- 
able doubt  of  ^.ae  great  value  of  this  spring ;  and 
indicates  wit^L  a  good  deal  of  clearness  its  adapta- 
tions to  the  various  forms  of  diseases  so  happily 
treated  by  the  waters  whose  chemical  composition 
it  so  much  reseijibles. 

Dr.  Blair,  who  resides  in  the  neighborhood  of 
the  spring,  speaks  favorably  of  its  effects  in 
Soro/tda,  Ghronic  ZHarrhcea,  diseases  of  the  Skin, 
t  rA  in  general  debility.  There  can,  we  think, 
be  no  doubt  of  its  Useful  employment  in  such 
cases. 

Dr.  C.  B.  Harris  recommends  it  highly  in  cases 
in  which  fontcs  or  t^ercUivnes  are  indicated ;  and 
Dr.  J.  L.  Davis  awards  it  to  the  credit  of  "re- 
lieving a  Oastro-enteriHa  and  Chronic  Dyaptjwia, 
in  his  own  case,  of  fifteen  years'  standing." 

Nature  has  been  bountiful  to  Stribling's  Springs, 


MM 


il  water, 
that  the 
kitted  to 
and  the 
)r  such  a 
rill  soon 
he  great 
its  own 

ration  of 
water  to 
adapta- 
0  reason- 
ag;  and 
adapta- 
happily 
position 

rhood  of 
foots  in 
lie  Shin, 
i  think, 
in  such 

in  cases 
id;  and 
of  "re- 
^aepna, 
• 
Jprings, 


kawiat's  ipbinw.  Mi 

not  only  in  the  variety  of  their  mineral  waters, 
hut  in  blessing  them  with  a  highly  iwlubrious 
climate.  Protected  from  the  northern  blasts  by 
ranges  of  hills,  delicate  persons  are  well  secured 
against  the  sudden  vicissitudes  of  weather  oocur- 
ring  early  or  late  in  the  season,  and  may  there- 
fore visit  them  earlier  in  the  spring,  and  remain 
later  in  the  fall,  than  might  be  prudent  in  more 
exposed  situations. 


CHAt»TER  XIX. 


Jbwfay**  Sprtngt—Bunuii't  Bprmg$,  or  The  Sn»»  UnuUatm 
Jordaii$  White  Sulphur  Bpringe—Shannondak  Springt. 

RAWLBY'8  SPRING. 

Bawuet'b  Speino  is  situated  on  the  southerni 
slope  of  the  North  Mountain,  in  the  County  of 
Rockingham,  twelve  miles  northwest  fircm  Har- 
risonburg, and  about  one  hundred  and  twenty 
miles  northeast  from  the  White  SulphUTi 

The  Bawley  water  is  a  strong  and  pure  cA(%&e- 
ate,  and  well  adapted  to  cases  requiring  such  a 

2«» 


-mm 


m 


MIKBBAI.  WATIM  OF  YIMIHlA. 

The  writer  baa  had  some  personal  experience  in 
the  use  of  this  water,  and  for  many  years  has 
been  in  the  habit  of  occasionally  directing  its  use 
in  cases  to  which  it  is  applicable.  As  a  pure  iron 
tonic,  it  deserres  to  stand  at  the  very  head  of  that 
class  of  remedies. 

In  that  class  of  female  affections  dependent  iipm 
debUity,  or  want  of  tone  in  the  uterine  system,  the 
water  is  an  exceedingly  valuable  remedy.  Its 
salutary  effects  in  oases  of  this  description  are 
often  as  remarkable  as  they  are  gratifying,  re- 
storing the  functions  of  the  debilitated  organ,  and 
imparting  vigor  and  health  to  the  whole  system. 

The  Rawley  waters  are  the  strongest  chalybeate 
known  to  me ;  and  if  their  great  tonic  virtues 
were  more  generally  known,  and  especially  their 
Tery  superior  efficacy  in  the  class  of  /male  de- 
rangements just'  alluded  to,  they  would  be  much 
and  beneficially  resorted  to  by  those  who  frequent 
watoring  places. 

In -some  forms  of  dyspepsia,  aud  in  pervous 
diseases  with  general  debility  and  unattended 
with  organic  obetructions,  these  waters  are  used 
with  great  success.  The  same  may  be  said  of 
their  employqiient  in  many  cases  of  leucorrhcea 
and  gteet,  and  especially  in  that  peculiar  form  of 
nervous  and  mental  debility,  the  frequent  result 
of  youthful  improprieties. 

The    water  of  this   spring   has   never   been 
analyzed,  but  it  is  evident  that  the  iron  is  held  in 


■MiaBgHiMiiHiigi^^ 


■umib's  bprikos. 


801 


rionco  in 
ears  has 
g  its  use 
mre  iron 
d  of  that 

ieni  tipon 
rtenif  tho 
dy.  Its 
ition  are 
ing,  re- 
gao,  and 
system. 
kalybecUe 
i  virtues 
Ily  their 
male  de- 
30  much 
frequent 

perrous 
attended 
Rre  used 
said  of 
Borrhosa 
form  of 
it  result 

r   heen 
held  in 


g^iiffiiwimi' 


solution  in  the  form  of  a  carbonate,  which  is  the 
least  irritating  and  the  most  efficient  form  ip 
which  it  exists  in  mineral  waters. 

The  accommodations  at  Bawley's  are  not  exten- 
sive— sufficient,  perhaps,  for  one  hundred  and 
fifty  persons,  and  about  that  number  may  often 
be  found  there  in  the  course  of  the  season. 


BURNER'S  SPRINGS,  OTHERWISE  CALLED  THE 
SEVEN  FOUNTAINS, 

Abb  situated  on  the  western  base  of  the  Massa- , 
nutten  Mountain,  in  the  County  of  Shenandoah. 

The  position  of  these  springs  is  elevated  and 
salubrious,  affording  a  pleasant  and  healthful 
resort  for  the  invalid  during  the  hot  months  of 
summer.  The  scenery  around  is  picturesque  and 
beautiful ;  and  from  the  summits  of  the  Fort, 
and  Massanutten  Mountains,  that  surround  the 
springs,  unsurpassed  in  its  extent  and  rural 
loveliness.  * 

In  a  bowl-like  hollow,  and  within  a  circle  whose 
radius  does  not  exceed  a  few  rods,  rise  the  ** Seven 
Fountains,"  not  homogeneous,  but  differing  in 
temperature  and  character  from  each  other. 

The  central  spring  is  a  sulphur  Water,  and 
within  a  few  yards  of  it,  are  two  others  of  the 
same  general  character,  but  differing  somewhat 
in  temperature  and  chemical  composition.    At  a 


&&mM>r 


•«i3i5»v,v;. 


'^l^^^^^!S^k^l^l!^^0sg^!^-.'^ 


I 


MINERAL  WATERS  OF  VIEOINU. 


few  pace  distant  are /ree«/onc,  slate,  and  limestone 
springs,  and  very  near,  still  another,  called  the 
WiUow  Spring,  differing  from  all  the  others. 

The  temperature  of  the  Blue  Sulphur  is  60° 
Fah.,  and  its  water  is  reported  to  contain  in  its  gas- 
eous cmterUa,  sulph.  hydrogen  and  carh..  acid ;  and 
in  its  solid  contents,  sulph.  soda,  sulph.  magnesia, 
sulph.  lime,  carbonate  magnesia,  carbonate  lime, 
chloride  calcium,  chloride  sodium,  and  proto- 
sulph.  iron,  but  in  what  relative  proportions  has 
not  been  ascertained. 

The  White  Sulphur  is  reported  to  contain  the 
saine  ingredients  as  the  ^^  Blue,"  with  the  ad- 
dition of  the  chloride  of  magnesia,  and  the  excep- 
tion of  the  j^ro/o-atfZ^j/t.  tron. 

Judging  from  the  analysis  before  us,  these  two 
springs  do  not  very  essentially  differ  from  each 
other. 

The  Willow  Spriko,  in  its  gaseous  contents  con- 
tains carbonic  add;  in  its  solids,  carbonate  soda, 
carbonate  magnesia,  carbonate  lime,  qhloride 
sodium,  alumina,  and  organic  matter. 

The  Chaltqeatb  Spriko  is  a  carbonated  water, 
in  which  is  found  carbonate  of  magnesia,  lime, 
soda,  and  iron,  with  sulphates  of  soda  and  lime. 

The  various  Dyspeptic  depravities,  functional 
derangements  of  the  abdominal  viscera,  chronic 
diseases  of  the  Skin,  Kidneys  and  Bladder,  as  well 
as  general  debility,  with  nervous  mobility,  will  be 
advantageously  treated  by  these  waters. 


''*';*!y*'*'*'aPjg9!lllR^Jt>Se.g-'KI&. '  """'"■■■'^'H';;'|!i  .ni^;'!;. 


■WW* 


imestone 
tiled  the 
trs. 

B  is  60° 
a  its  gaa- 
cid ;  and 
agnesia, 
ite  lime, 
1  proto- 
ions  has 

tain  the 
the  ad- 
e  except 

lese  two 
>m  each 

in<«con- 
•e  soda, 
^loride 

water, 
i,  lime, 
1  lime, 
tctional 
chronic 
as  well 
irill  he 


JORDAN'S  WHITB  SULPHUB  SPRINQS. 


309 


These    springs  may  be  conveniently  reached 
from  Woodstock,  eight  miles  distant. 

JORDAN'S  WHITE  SULPHUR  SPRINGS. 

Thbsb  springs  are  in  Frederick  County ,Virginia, 
five  miles  from  the  town  of  Winchester,  and  one 
and  a  half  from  Stephenson's  Depot,  a  point  on 
the  Winchester  and  Harper's  Ferry  Railroad. 
They  are  situated  in  a  small  valley,  surrounded 
hy  hills  of  no  great  altitude.  The  earth  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  springs  is  blended  with  slate,  very 
porous,  and  readily  absorbs  all  the  water  that 
falls  upon  it.  Hence,  it  is  as  remarkable  for  its 
dryness,  as  is  the  neighborhood  for  its  exemption 
from  vapors  and  fogs.  The  grounds  about  the 
springs  are  well  covered  with  grass ;  are  suffi- 
ciently extensive  for  pleasant  promenades ;  and, 
withal,  are  shaded  by  a  variety  of  omanaental 
trees,  among  which  are  found  the  aspen,  willow, 
sycamore,  ash,  cedar,  etc. 

From*  several  of  the  surrounding  hills,  pleasant 
views  may  be  had  of  the  Blue  Ridge  and  Alleghany 
Mountains,  and  the  immense  gap  at  Harper's 
Ferry.  One  mile  from  the  springs  is  a  small  and 
unique  mountain,  covered  with  stunted  pine,  and 
known  by  the  somewhat  Unpleasant  cognomen  of 
the  "  Devil's  Back  Bone."  It  is  quite  a  "  lion  " 
in  its  way,  and  is  often  visited  by  the  sojourners  at 
"  Jordan's."    On  the  eastern  side  of  this  small 


.ijjig.ji 


Jl|^p!itltliU^jW|l.iJ^l£ftg^lilUl.lftil»W 


310 


mNEKAI.  WATBBS  OF  VIIiaiNIA. 


and  narrow  mountain,  and  just  at  its  base,  flows 
the  Opaquan  Creek,  affording  good  fishing 
privileges,  while  along  its  western  base  runs  a 
small  stream  that  winds  its  way  through  the 
spring  lawn  midway  between  the  hotels. 

The  buildings  for  the  entertainment  of  the 
public  are  very  comfortable,  and  consist  of  two 
large  brick  hotols  and  a  number  of  cabins,  and 
are  said  to  be  sufficient  for  the  accommodation  of 
three  hundred  persons. 

The  spring,  although  not  one  of  great  boldness, 
affords  in  abundance  4  mild,  pleasant  sulphur 
water,  of  the  temperature  of  67°  Fah.,  which  is 
said  not  to  be  influenced  either  in  quantity  or 
temperature  by  wet  or  dry,  hot  or  cold  weather. 
Like  aU  other  Jiulphur  waters,  it  is  unpleasant  at 
first  to  the  palate  of  the  uninitiated,  but  very 
«oon  jt  is  not  only  tolerated,  but  actually  preferred 
to  common  water. 

Thp  fountain  is  inclosed  by  marble  slabs,  and 
shaded  by  an  octagon  structure,  supported  by 
large  pillars.  Its  situation  is  midway  between  the 
hotels,  and  very  convenient  to  all  the  boarders. 

Thesd  waters  have  never  been  analyzed,  ihough 
(t  will  probably  be  found,  judging  from  the 
geological  position  of  the  fountain,  as  well  as 
from  the  sensible  propeities  of  the  water  itself,  to 
pontain  less  Zmerthan  many  of  our  sulphur  waters, 
and,  therefore,  more  free  from  the  harsh  ingredi- 
ent! imparted  by  the  sulphate  and  carbonate  of 


fm 


t:','Ji'*!'W"  gjfjilWtfiiaVii'  "i!!!tt^  «yy''»p.yjM 


'''^?;ygg.?";/T''"'''''!9>!yi'i»»" 


-m 


JOBDAN'S  white   6ULPHUB  SPRXNGS. 


811 


ase,  flows 
i  fishing 
le  runs  a 
ough  the 

it  of  the 
jt  of  two 
bins,  and 
dation  of 

boldness, 
sulphur 
which  is 
entity  or 
weather, 
easant  at 
but  very 
preferred 

abs,  and 
orted  by 
ween  the 
trders. 
i  ihough 
^om  the 
well  as 
itself,  to 
r  waters, 
ingredi> 
lODftte  of 


•^■'^••HgMMMliH 


that  mineral ;  while  it  holds  in  solution  the  other 
components  usually  found  in  our  sulphur  waters. 
If  this  suggestion  be  correct,  it  points  it  out  as* 
peculiarly  valuable  in  gravel  and  the  various 
chronic  diseases  of  the  kidneys,  bladder  and 
urethra. 

-Medicinally,  the  water  acts  as  a  diuretic  and 
slight  aperient.  As  an  alterative,  it  is  found  to 
be  valuable  in  the  various  forms  of  chronic  disease 
in  which  sulphur  waters  are  commonly  beneficial. 
Among  other  diseases,  dyyaqma  and  the  various 
gastric  derangements  have  derived  much  benefit 
from  its  use.  The  same  may  be  said  of  liver 
disease,  htBoiorrkoids,  dtaeaae  of  the  akin,  and  rheu- 
matism,  especially  when  it  proceeds  from  the  use 
of  mercury.  Several  gentlemen  have  borne  very 
decidedtestimony  to  the  superior  efficacy  of  these 
waters  in  gout,  and  their  unirritating  quality 
would  seem  to  point  them  out  as  a  valuable 
remedy  ia  that  disease. 

Physicians  of  eminence,  long  familiar  with  the 
use  of  this  water,  speak  in  the  highest  terms  of 
its  efficacy  in  Jaundice,  and  in  th^  functional 
derangements  of  the  abdominal  viacera  generally. 
They  extol  it  as  a  valuable  remedy  in  the  various 
chronic  afTections  of  the  skin ;  m  chronic  irritation 
of  the  kidneys  and  bladder;  in  gleet,  and  espe- 
cially in  female  suppressions,  unattended  with 
acute  symptoms. 

The  bland  but  sure  effect  of  these  waters  upon 


"wm 


-«*r 


fffgr^ 


312 


IQNBRAL  WATBBS  OF  VIBOINIA. 


the  system,  points  them  out  as  a  valuable  agent 
in  a  large  class  of  diseases,  and  inspires  belief  as 
to  their  successful  attainment  to  still  greater 
public  favor  and  confidence. 

The  situation  of  the  spring  and  country  around 
it,  with  the  many  facilities  of  approach,  etc. ;  its 
nearness  to  the  seaboard,  and  the  daily  cars  and 
moils,  make  it  a  most  desirable  place  of  resort  for 
health  or  retirement  during  the  heat  of  summer. 
The  surrounding  country  is  healthy,  and  the  soil 
well  calculated  for  invalids,  as  it  never  remains 
long  wet  after  rains. 

BBANNOmyALE  SPBmoS. 

The  Shannondale  Springs  are  in  the  County  of 
Jefierson,  and  arise  in  a  peuinsula  of  the*henan- 
4oah  Biver,  k»own  as  the  "Horse  Shoe."  They 
are  five  and  a  half  miles  from  Charlestown,  the 
seat  of  justice  for  Je£ferson  County. 

The  springs  are  three  in  number;  but  one  only 
is  principally  used.  The  temperature  of  the 
water  is  65°  Fah.,  as  reported  by  Dr.  De  Butts. 

The  Shannondale  water  seems  to  Lave  some 
approximation  in  its  nature  and  effects  to  the 
celebrated  Bedford  water.  It  may  properly  be 
classed  as  a  saiine  chalybeate,  and  may  be  used 
with  good  effects  as  a  mild  alterative  tonic,  in 
some  forms  of  dyspepsia,  nervous  diseases,  general 
debility  unattended  with  severe  organic  derange- 


«IWB^JiMUMfe;^4iiM«^^^^ 


■m* 


KaANNOin>Ai.B  0PBma8. 


SIS 


ible  agent 
I  belief  as 
1   greater 

ry  around 
,  etc. ;  its 

cars  and 
resort  for 

summer, 
d  the  soil 
r  remains 


bounty  of 
3*6henan- 
."  They 
town,  the 

one  only 
)  of  the 
I  Butts. 
iVQ  some 
s  to  the 
perly  be 
be  used 
tonic,  in 
9,  general 
derange- 


ments, chronic  diseases  of  the  mucous  surfaces, 
such  as  gleet,  leuchorrhoea,  etc.,  and  to  that 
class  of  female  diseases  requiring  the  aid  pf 
mineral  tonics. 

The  water  acts  generally  as  a  diuretic,  and  very 
commonly  has  a  mild  aperient  effect. 

The  late  Dr.  De  Butts,  of  Baltimore,  analysed 
the  8hannondale  water  in  1821. 

One  hundred  grains  of  the  solid  contents  of  the 
water  of  the  principal  fountain,  afforded  the 
following  results : — 

Sulphate  of  lime..... 68  gnUaB. 

Carbonate  of  lime.. 10-5  " 

Sulphate  of  magneria.......^  ..................88*5  " 

Muriate  of  magneda. 1  " 

Muriate  of  Boda. ^ — ; '.. 1  " 

Su^hateof.iion.... 0-8  " 

Carbonate  of  iron 0.7  ** 

Oaseoos  oonteats :  Snlph.  ^diogen,  quantity  not  aacertained ' 
oarbmiic  aeid,  quantity  not  aseerbdaecL 

The  accommodations  at  Shannondale  are  not 
extensive,  perhaps  adapted  to  one  hundred  and 
forty  or  one  hundred  and  fifty  persons,  but  it 
is  admittedly  a  very  delightful  place,  and  the 
scenery  is  unsurpassed  for  its  varied  beauty  and 
grandeur,  eliciting  the  admiration  of  all  who 
behold  it. 


87 


?j?,irou'i" 


814 


MINIRAL  WAXnU  OT  VntOIKlA. 


CHAPTER  XX. 

BATH  OB  BEBEELET  SPRINOS. 

Sofltf  Bitlory—EiiTaet  from  Omeral  WaMngtrn'M  WiO,  de.— 
Bath$  and  BaMng  Mm»—Medie<a  Proptrtim  qf  the  WtOtrt— 
Diieamfor  which  Vted,  dbe.—Orrkk'»  Bulphwr  Spring- Cofon 
/Sjpring$. 

Thb  Berkeley  Springs  are  situated  in  the  town 
of  Bath,  Morgan  County,  Virginia,  two  miles  and 
a  half  from  Sir  John's  Depot,  a  point  on  the 
Baltimore  and  Ohio  Bailroad,  one  hundred  and 
thirty  miles  west  of  Baltimore,,  aud  fort^-pine 
miles  east  of  Cumherland. 
'  These  springs  were  resorted  to  hy  invalids  at 
a  very  early  period,  and  had  great  celebrity 
throughout  the  Colonies.  Hundreds  annually 
fioched  thither  {mm  all  quarters,  and  traditional 
accounts  of  the  aeoommodations  and  amusements 
of  those  primitive  times  are  calculated  to  excite 
hoth  the  mirth  and  envy  of  the  present  age. 
Bude  log  huts,  hoard  and  canvas  tents,  and  even 
covered  wagons,  served  as  lodging-rooms,  while 
every  party  brought  its  own  substantial  provisions 
of  flour,  meat,  and  bacon,  depending  for  lighter 
articles  of  diet  on  the  "Hill  folk/'  or  the  success 
of  their  ow_  foragers.    A  large  hollow  scooped  in 


■'I'HffiirifiifitinYti^^itni-tiiii -..iniiWfiiifWf  I ..mi  irt wa.  .h..!, u-  ■  ruLlJlti. 


■Mini 


BATH    OK    BEBULBT   BPBIilOS. 


315 


Wia,  de.— 
he  Wa$$n— 
"iitff—Copm 


the  town 
niles  and 
t  on  the 
Ired  and 
>rt7-pine 

ralids  at 
celebrity 
ftnnnally 
ftditiobid 
isements 

0  excite 
)nt  age. 
nd  even 
B,  while 
'ovisions 

lighter 

1  suocesB 
oopedin 


feM"'^'"'''W«w 


the  sand,  Burrounded  hj  a  screen  of  pine  brush) 
was  the  only  bathing-house ;  and  this  was  used 
alternately  by  ladies  and  gentlemen.  The  time 
set  apart  for  the  ladies  was  announced  by  a  blast 
on  a  long  tin  horn,  at  which  signal  all  of  the 
opposite  sex  retired  to  a  prescribed  distance,  and 
woe  to  any  unlucky  wight  who  might  be  found 
within  the  magic  circle. 

The  whole  scene  is  said  to  hare  resembled  a 
camp-meeting  in  appearance ;  but  only  in 
appearance.  Here  day  and  night  passed  in  a 
round  of  eating  and  drinking,  bathing,  fiddling, 
dancing,  and  reveling.  Gaming  was  carried  to 
a  great  excess,  and  horse-racing  was  a  daily 
amusement. 

8uch  were  the  primitive  accommodations  at  the 
first  watering  place  that  was  opened  in  Virginia, 
and  such  tlje  teoreations  and  amusements  of  our 
forefiithers,  about  the  eventful  period  that  ushered 
us  as  a  nation  into  the  world. 

The  ittportance  of  this  property  was  appreciated 
by  the  country  at  a  very  early  period,  for  in 
October,  1776,  in  the  first  year  of  th*  Common- 
wealth, we  find  the  following  in  the  statute  book 
of  Virginia : —  ** 

"Whereas  it  hath  been  represented  to  the 
General  Assembly,  that  the  laying  off  of  fifty 
acres  of  land  in  lots  and  streets,  for  a  town  at  tht 
Warm  Springs  in  the  County  of  Berkeley,  will  be 


iiiHiai 


316 


umttLLL  WAttttt  or  TiRonriA. 


Cft  great  utility,  by  encouraging  the  purchasers 
thereof  to  build  convenient  houses  for  accommo- 
dating numbers  of  infirm  persons  xrho  frequent 
those  springs  yearly  for  the  recovery  of  their 
health, — 

^'Be    it    therefore   enacted  by   the    General 

Aslembly  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Virginia,  that 

*  fifty  acres  of  land  adjoining  the  said  springs, 

being  part  of  a  larger  tract  of  land,  the  jproperty 

of  the  Bight  Honorable  Thomas  Lord  Fairfax,  or 

other  person  or  persons  holding  the  same  by  a 

grant  or  conveyance  from  him,  be,  and  the  same 

is  hereby  invested  in  Bryan  Fairfax,  Thomas 

Bryan  Mastin,  Warner  Washington,  Kev.  Charles 

M.  Thruston,  Bobert  Butherford,  Thomas  Buther- 

ford,  Alexander  White,  Philip  Pendleton,  Samuel 

Washington,  Wiljiam  Ellzey,  Van  Swearengen, 

Thomas  Hito,  James  Edmunson,  James  Nourse, 

gentlomen  trustees,  to  be  by  them,  or  any  seven  of 

them,  laid  out  into  lota  of  one-quarter  of  an  aore 

each,  with  convenient  streets,  which  shall  be,.and 

the  same  are  hereby  established  a  town  by  the 

name  of  Bath,"  etc.  etc.    {Eminff's  Statutes  at 

Large.) 

The  town  was  consequently  laid  off  into  lots  in 
August,  1^77.  Among  the  purchasers  were 
Charles  Carroll,  of  CarroUton,  Horfitio  Oates^ 
Qern.  QvoTge  Wadiington,  and  many  others  «f 
note  and  distinction. 


"ini"ni>»ii««w>iiii(ii)iiiiiiii>iMi(in 


«l«l[|^(i|l)jl)rtj)T?illi.«|ii>li>j^iMa%>Cl.*.»0.ii.r<.|r.ili|i.(«|ltlif»i||imiM>]im,l^^ 


i'innrj||^ 


BAtH  OB  BIBXBUn  8PBIXCM. 


81t 


nrohosers 
ccommo- 
frequent 
of  their 

General 

nia,  that 

Bprings, 

jproperty 

lirfax,  or 

me  hj  a 

he  same 

Thomas 

OfaMrles 

Bother- 

,  Samuel 

irengen, 

Nourse, 

seyeo  of 

an  Acre 

be,. and 

1  bj  the 


•  lots  in 
rs  were 
»  Oatesj 
thers  eC 


In  the  schedule  to  Gen.  Washington's  will,  we 
find  the  following  clause  : — 

«  BATH  OB  WABM  SPBHrOS. 

"Two  well-situated  and  handsome  bnildings, 
to  the  amount  of  £150." 

And  this  note  of  the  property  appended  to  the 
schedule : — 


(( 


BATH. 


"The  lots  in  Bath  (two  adjoining)  cost  me,  to 
the  best  of  my  recollection,  between  fifty  and  sixty 
pounds,  twenty  years  ago.  Whether  property 
there  has  increased  or  decreased  in  value,  and  in 
what  condition  the  hooiies  are,  t  ami  ignorant ; 
but  suppose  they  are  not  rained  too  high."       ' 

The  sites  of  these  houses  are  still  pointed  out. 

In  thu  memoirs  of  the  Baroness  de  Beidesil) 
(wife  of  the  German  general  who  was  tdten 
prisoner  with  Burgoyne  at  Saratoga,)  she  speaks 
of  haTing  passed  part  of  the  summer  of  lt79  at 
these  springs  with  her  invalid  husband,  and 
mentions  having  made  the  acquaintance  of  Gen. 
Washington's  family.  She  devotes  a  page  or  two 
of  l^er  most  interesting  work  to  the  narration  of 
quaint  and  pleasant  incidents  illustrating  their 
mode  of  life  at  the  spriiE^s,  and  at  the  same  titae 


a7» 


,ii)»n(it..frtffi:ii)«s 


"^W?*" 


«• 


MiinnuL  WAXUB  or  yineiNiA. 


illustrating  (though  unintentionally)  the  excel- 
lent and  amiable  character  of  the  authoress. 

After  the  war  of  tho  Bevolution,  the  accommo- 
dations at  the  springs  were  greatly  improved  and 
extended  ;  but  as  the  State  progressed  in  popula- 
tion and  prosperity,  a  host  of  other  bathing  places 
and    mineral    springs    were     discovered     and 
improved.    Saratoga  at  the  North,  and  the  White 
Sulphur  at  the  South,  began  to  rival  Berkeley  in 
the  race  for  public  favor,  and  from  the  superior 
spirit  and  enteiprise  shown  in  their  improvement, 
soon  distanced  her.    Her  register  of  thousands 
was  reduced  to  five  or  six  hundred  per  annum, 
and  her  hotels  and  bath-houses  seemed  destined  to 
decay.    In  1844  a  fire  accomplished  in  one  night 
what  time  was  doing  gradually  ;  ifourteen  build- 
ings and  half  the  hotel   accommodations   were 
4estroyed.    Col.  John   Strother,  lessee   of  this 
property,  made  immediate  preparations  for  the 
erection  of  a  large  hotel  on  his  own  ground,  and 
hj  the  next  season,  (1846,)  had  a  portion  of  it 
^Myfpr  occupancy,  and  the  entire  elegant  and 
^frwsive  esti^lishment  completed  in  1848.    The 
erection  of  this  building,  and  the  completion  of 
the  ^Baltimore  and  Ohia  Bailroad,  have  restored 
Berkeley   to  her  former  prosperity;   and   from 
twelve  to  fifteen  hundred  annually  register  there 
«|id  enjoy  the  great  luxury  of  her  waters. 


•m 


BATH  OB  BBBKBUnr  SPBIBM. 


819 


BATHS.  Etc. 

The  water  supplying  the  baths,  issues  by 
three  Iftrge  springs  and  a  number  of  smaller 
ones,  from  the  foot  of  the  Warm  Spring  Bidge, 
all  within  seventy  or  eighty  yards  of  each  other, 
forming  a  bold  and  beautiful  stream,  which,  in  its 
course  down  the  valley,  supplies  several  mills  and 
&ctories,  and  empties  into  the  Potomac  opposite  to 
Hancock,  Maryland,  six  miles  distant.  The  water 
of  all  these  fountains  is  of  the  same  character, 
light,  sparkling  and  tasteless,  its  temperature 
ranging  from  12°  to  74°  Fah,  and  remaining  the 
same  at  all  seasons. 

The  aoeommodations  for  bathing  are  most  con- 
venient, extensive,  and  elegant. 

The  geidhmm'a  bath-house  a  substantial  brick 
building,  contains  ten  large  bathing-rooms.  The 
baths  are  of  cement,  twelve  feet  long,  five  feet 
wide,  and  four  and  a  half  deep,  filled  from  a 
reservoir  by  a  four-inoh  pipe,  and  containing 
about  sixteen  hundred  gallons  each.  In  addition 
to  this,  and  for  the  use  of  gentlemen,  there  ia-* 
twimming  bath,  sixty  feet  long  by  twenty  wide, 
and  five  feet  deep,  containing  fifty  thousand 
gallons.  The  superstructure  is  handsome  and 
tastefnl,  eighty-two  feet  long,  and'  conti^nt 
fourteen  dressing-rooms.  The  luxury  of  die*' 
porting  in  this  ample  and  exhilarating  pool  am 


MimnuL  vTATna  or  TixaiRu. 


onlj  be  appreciated  by  those  who  hare  indulged 
in  it. 

The  ladiea'  bath-house  is  an  elegant  structure 
on  the  oj^>08tte  side  of  the  grove,  ninety  feet  long, 
which  contains,  in  addition  to  nine  prirate  baths, 
a  plunge  bath  thirty  feet  long  by  sixteen  feet 
wide,  four  and  a  half  feet  deep,  and  floored  with 
white  marble.  There  is  also  an  establishment  for 
shower,  spout  and  artificial  warm  baths.  The 
bathing  area  is  surrounded  by  a  beautiful  grove 
several  acres  in  extent  and  handsomely  improved. 

The  hotd  acoommodation$  are  extensive  and  well 
gotten  up. 

8ir<Mer's,  the  principal  hotel  at  the  place,  is 
a  large,  elegant  and  well  conducted  establishment, 
adjoining  the  grove,  and  will  comfortably  accom- 
modate about  four  hundred  persons.  Altogether, 
it  constitutes  one  of  the  most  extensive  and 
comfortable  establishments  to  be  found  at  aiiy  of 
our  places  of  fashionable  resort.  .J    , .  j ,. 

O'Ferrall's  hotel  is  conveniently  situated,  well 
kept,  and  will  accommodate  one  hundred  and 
fifty  persons.  Other  accommodations  for  one 
hundred  and  fifty  persons  may  be  found  at  the 
pUwe.  . 

KEDIOAL  PBOFBRTIES. 

Although  these  waters  possess  oonsiderable 
medical  virtues  when  taken  internally,  they  have 
been  most  celebrated  as  a  bath;  their  pleasant 


- — ■r~-r- 


^  ^^^||.»»ll«l|iii;r,,l, 


!^fl#i4 


BATH  OR  BIBKlUnr  BPUVOS. 


321 


thermal  temperature,  in  connection  with  other 
proper tiea,  adapting  them,  as  such,  to  a  wide 
range  of  discaies.  They  have  never  been  accu- 
rately analysed,  but  the  presence  of  purgative 
and  diuretic  salts  have  been  ascertained,  though 
the  impregnation  is  not  strong  and  the  amount 
uncertain. 


Intemai  Use. — ^This  water  is  tasteless,  insipid 
from  its  warmth,  and  so  light  in  its  character, 
that  very  large  quantities  may  be  taken  on  the 
stomach  without  producing  oppression  or  uneasi- 
ness. Persons  generally  become  fond  of  it  after  a 
tiuie ;  and  when  cooled  it  is  a  delightful  beverage. 
It  is  beneficial  in  several  of  the  chronic  and 
subacute  disorders,  such  as  derangements  of  the 
stomach,  with  impaired  appetite  and  feeble 
digestion,  unconnected  with  any  considerable 
degree  of  organic  disease.  Its  salutary  effects  in 
these  cases  would  seem  to  depend  upon  the 
exceedingly  light  character  of  the  waters  and  their 
gentle  alkaline  properties,  neutralizing  acidity 
and  invigorating  and  soothing  the  viscera. 

In  the  early  stages  of  calcuhua  diseases,  attended 
with  irritable  bladder,  their  free  use  internally 
aiid  externally  is  frequently  of  benefit. 

Eoetemal  XTse.— rExternally  used,  these  waters 
are  banefioial  in  the  whole  class  of  nervow  dith 
ordcn  that  are  disconnected  with  a  full  plethoric 


lll»,-|.  »<aillWliii>I^IMrilMI|il,||l»lfir 


ivMii'jti.'Bar 


322 


MINXBAL  WATBBS  07  VIBGINIA. 


habit,    extreme    debility,  or  severe  organic  de- 
rangements. 

In  cases  of  relaxed  habit  and  debility,  where 
sufficient  power  of  reaction  exists  in  the  system, 
the  tonic  and  bracing  influences  of  plunges  in 
this  water  will  be  very  invigorating. 

Persons  suffering  from  a  residence  in  a  warm, 
low,  and  damp  climate,  and  subject  to  nervous 
affections,  will  probably  be  much  benefited  by  the 
use  of  the  baths. 

To  the  various  chronic  affections  of  the  mucous) 
membranes,  especially  leucorrhcea,  gleet,  etc.,  as 
well  as  to  that  peculiar  form  of  bronchitis  which 
depends  upon  a  relaxed  condition  of  the  mem- 
branes, with  general  want  of  tone  in  the  nervous 
system,  the  water  and  baths  are  said  to  be  highly 
beneficial.  The  same  may  be  said  as  to  local 
paralytic  affections,  if  unconnected  with  congestion 
of  the  brain,  or  cerebral  tendencies. 

In  mildly  chronic,  or  subacute  rheunuUism,  the 
bath  has  long  enjoyed  a  high  reputation.  Many 
intelligent  persons  who  have  long  been  familiar 
with  its  use,  place  the  most  entire  reliance  on  it  in 
this  class  of  c^ses. 

The  salubrious  climate  in  which  the  springs 
^xo  located,  the  jsase  with  which  they  are  reached 
by  thd  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad,  the  well- 
test^  value  of  their  baths  in  all  cases  in  which 
baths  of  their  temperature  ought  to  be  employed, 
together  with  the  excellent  acoommodatioiu  at  the 


^w>ia!jiii»,i(ni!-ii;i 


ww^Ufc^^ift .  >  ii»  m^M 


n»<ijtow<t^rt-wft^^*ffi»rtMliWliii'Baii  liiH'fliaiMiMrtl^WllpttttWW^^ 


CAPON  SPBIKOS. 


323 


;anic  de- 

;y,  where 
>  system, 
unges  in 

a  warm, 

uervous 

>d  by  the 

I  mucouv 
,  etc.,  as 
is  which 
lie  mem- 
inervous 
>e  highly 
to  local 
tngestion 

tism,  the 

.    Many 

familiar 

9  on  itia 

springs 
reached 
he  well- 
n  which 
nployedi 
is  «€  the 


place,  must  continue  to  make  "Berkeley"  a 
favorite  resort  of  the  spring-going  public. 

There  are  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Berkeley 
several  unimproved  sulphur  and  chalybeate 
springs,  that  will  probably,  at  some  day  or  other, 
be  places  of  importance.  Among  these,  and  as 
most  prominent,  may  be  mentioned 

ORMCK'S  SULPHUR  BPRINO, 

Situated  three  and  a  half  miles  from  Berkeley,  on 
the  Warm  Spring  Bun,  and  near  the  road  that 
leads  to  Hancock.  It  is  a  very  pleasant  water,  of 
the  temperature  of  about  58°  Fah.  It  is  now 
unimproved,  but  may,  and  some  day  probably 
will,  be  made  a  place  of  interest,  and  an  important 
auxiliary  to  the  Berkeley  Springs. 

OAPON  SPRINQ8. 

At  the  western  base  of  the  North  Mountain,  in 
the  County  of  Hampshire,  seventeen  miles  east  of 
Bomney,  and  twenty-two  northwest  of  Winchester, 
whence  they  may  be  reached  by  a  well-graded  but 
mountainous  road,  are  the  Capon  Springs,  l^h^y 
are  situated  in  a  narrow  vale  not  fdr  distant  from 
the  Capon  River,  and  surrounded  by  a  rugged  and 
romantic  mountain  scenery,  perhaps  unsurpassed 
in  troaaack  wildness  by  any  in  Virginia.  The 
region' is  high  and  healthy,  and  the  sources  of 
amusement,  (often  of  consequence  to  the  invalid,) 


"!S«!!Ff 


,.aw.M      ll^  II  MJIITTm  I 


S24 


lUNEBAL  WATKBS  OV  TIBOINIA. 


and  especially  those  of  trout  and  river  fishing, 
together  with  the  excitement  of  the  mountain 
chase,  are  unsurpassed  at  any  of  our  watering 
places. 

The  improvements  at  Capon  are  extensive, 
affording  accommodation  for  ahout  seven  hundred 
and  fifty  persons. 

The  largest  huilding  to  be  found  at  any  of  our 
watering  places  except  the  White  Sulphur,  is  here. 
It  is  an  immense  structure  fronting  two  hundred 
and  thirty-six  fee»  by  forty,  and  five  stories  high ; 
with  a  portico  two  hundred  feet  in  length  by 
sixteen  in  width.  To  this  main  building  a  wing 
is  attached  of  one  hundred  and  ninety-six  feet  in 
length  by  forty  in  width  and  five  stories  high. 
The  dining-room  extends  the  entire  length  of  the 
front  building)  and  will  conveniently  seat  from 
nine  hundred  'to'  one  thourand  perooi  The 
lodging  capacity  of  the  house  is  said  r|l 

hundred.    This     building    is     known  <i8| 

"Mowntain  House."  Besides  this  large  establish- 
ment, there  are  other  hotels  at  the  place  capable 
of  accommodating  one  hundred  and  fifty  persons, 
perhaps. 

The  having  ettabli$hment  at  Capon  is  well 
designed  and  handsome,  affording  twenty  bathing- 
rooms  for  gentlemen,  and  seventeen  for  Ijadies, 
with  comfortable  parlors  for  the  use  of  the 
bathers.    The  hatha  are  made  of  brick,  coated 


V.  r.jiv  :-BiSl!.-^^  i^  viW^iS\-f!'*^'*^  ^>V£.;f^T,>1;,"' 


CAPOX  SPRIXOS. 


!25 


IX 


with  hydraulic  cement.  Shower  and  douche 
haths^  and  artificial  warm  haths  are  also  supplied. 

The  spring  affords  about  one  hundred  gallons 
of  water  per  minute.  The  temperature  of  the 
water  as  it  flows  from  the  fountain  is  66° 
Fah.;  in  the  reservoir  that  supplies  the  baths, 
about  64°. 

The  water  is  essentially  tasteless  and  inodorous. 

Except  in  its  thermal  character,  it  cannot  be 
compared  to  any  of  the  springs  in  our  **  great 
spring  region."  It  more  resembles  the  waters  of 
the  Berkeley  than  any  of  our  other  springs.  As 
a  bath  and  a  beverage,  it  will,  when  properly 
directed,  bo  found  very  useful  in  a  wide  range  of 
diseases,  especially  in  idiopathic  affections  of  the 
nervous  system,  dyspeptic  depravities,  chronic 
derangement  of  the  mucous  surfafes,  etc.  It  has 
acquired  some  reputation,  and  I  believe  justly,  as 
a  remedy  in  gravel  and  other  derangements  of  the 
urinary  organs.  It  is  a  valuable  water,  and  like 
its  neighbor  Berkeley,  is  destined  to  increase  itt 
fovor  with  the  spring-going  public. 

The  Capon  waters  have  been  analyzed  by  Dr. 
Charles  Carter,  of  Philadelphia,  and  their  princi- 
pal medicinal  ingredients  ascertained  to  be 

Silicic  acid,  Magnesia, 

Soda,  Bromine, 

Carbonic  acid  gas.  Iodine. 

The  late  Professor   William    Gibson,   of  the 


'smmm 


wmm 


386 


MINERAL  WATERS  07  VntGINIA. 


UniTorsitj  of  Pennsylvania,  thus  speaks  of  Capon 
SpriQgs : — 


;  "I  consider  Capon  equal,  if  not  superior,  to  any 
mineral  spring  in  America,  as  a  remedy  for 
dyspepsia  and  the  debility  and  depression  of  spirits 
generally  attendant  upon  that  protean  and 
eccentric  malady, 

"  After  drinking  the  water  for  a  few  hours,  its 
diuretic  properties  become  very  evident ;  and  from 
that  moment  the  invalid  begins  to  experience  its 
beneficial  results ;  for  no  matter  how  much  he  has 
been  prostrated,  his  peccant  humors  are  floatsd 
away  through  tlie  medium  of  the  kidneys,  his 
spirits  rise,  his  activity  increases,  and  in  a 
wonderfully  small  space  of  time  he  becomes  a  new 
man.  The  only  inconvenience  attending  its  use 
is  an  amazing  ancrease  of  appetite  ;  so  much  so, 
that  the  most  feeble  and  delicate  stomachs,  after  a 
few  days,  become  boundless  in  their  demands  upon 
the  good  cheer  of  tho  obliging  and  enterprising 
landlord.  Not  only  does  the  water,  when  taken 
internally,  prove  eminently  useful  to  almostevery 
one',  but  externally  applied,  in  the  shape  of  cold 
or  warm  baths,  its  beneficial  results  in  cases  of 
gout,  rheumatism,  diseases  of  tho  skin,  and 
several  other  a>ffections,  are  beyond  all  question. 


It  has,    moreover,   the 


singular 


property 


of 

cleansing   the    skin   instantly   witliout  soap,  of 
removing  tar  and  other  similar  substances  from 


CAP0V   SPRINGS. 


327 


)r,  to  any 
nedy  for 
of  spirits 
ean    and 


bours,  its 
and  frouj 
rience  its 
ch  he  has 
'6  floatsd 
aeys,  bis 
nd  in  a 
les  a  new 
;  its  use 
uuch  so, 
3,  after  a 
nds  upon 
erprising 
9R  taken 
ostevery 
>  of  cold 
cases  of 
:in,  and 
[uestion. 
erty  of 
soap,  of 
tes  from 


the  hands  the  moment  it  is  applied.  It  operates 
most  powerfully,  too,  upon  horses,  in  a  very  short 
time  after  it  is  used,  and  brings  away  from  those 
animals,  without  failure,  incredible  quantities  of 
botts-T-A  species  of  worm  to  which  almost  every 
animal  of  the  kind  is  very  prone,  and  from  which 
a  great  number  annually  perish.  When  it  is  con- 
sidered how  difficult  and  almost  impossible  it  is  by 
other  means  to  kill  a  bott — for  when  taken  from 
the  stomach  of  a  horse  and  placed  in  the  strongest 
nitric  acid,  they  have  been  known  to  live  for 
hours — does  not  this  fact  alone  speak  volumes  in 
favor  of  this  water?  I  am  told,  upon  high 
authority,  'also,  that  it  is  equally  useful  iu 
bringing  away  intestinal  .worms  from  children, 
after  every  other  vermifuge  has'proved  unavailing 
and  nugatory. 

<<  All  the  facts  I  have  here  stated  have  beett 
verified  again  and  again,  and  are  as  familiar  to 
the  people  of  Hampshire  and  the  adjoining 
counties,  and  are  as  susceptible  of  demonstration 
to  all  that  visit  these  springs,  as  any  propositian 
in  Euclid." 


828 


MINERAL  WATEBS  OF  VIRGINIA. 


CHAPTER  XXI. 

OmW'«  Black  and  WhiU  Su^hur^Itoanoke  Rtd  8ulphur~Blut 
Biige  Bpringt-AUeghany  Bprtt^i*— Montgomery  WhiU  Sulphur 
tSpringt. 

COINER'S  WHITE  AND  BLACK  SULPHUR  SPRINGS. 

These  springs  are  situated  at  the  western  base  of 
the  Blue  Ridge  Mountain,  on  the  line  between 
the  Counties  of  Botetourt  and  Roanoke,  on  the 
borders  of  one  of  the  most  delightful  and  fertile 
regions  of  Virginia.  They  are  immediately  on 
tho  line  of  the  Virginia  and  Tennessee  Railroad, 
and  within  a  mile  of  Bonsack's  Depot,  fifty  miles 
west  from  Lynchburg. 

These  springs,  as  a  public  resort,  are  a  product 
of  the  recent  rapid  spring  development  in  Virginia, 
having  been  brought  into  public  notice  within  the 
last  four  or  five  years.  Fleming  James,  Esq.,  of 
Richmond,  is  the  owner  of  the  property,  and  has 
with  extraordinary  energy,  and  liberal  appropria- 
tions to  the  object,  improved  them  handsomely, 
and  to  an  extent  capable  of  entertaining  from 
three  to  four  hundred  persons.  The  buildings  are 
spacious,  convenient,  and  almost  entirely  new, 
consisting  of  hotels,  cottages,  etc.,  etc. 


ei 
h 
al 
ft 


.  -u^Mtaii'tefett^^ritt 


CAPOy   SPRINGS. 


329 


iur~-Blu4 

PRINGS. 

I  base  of 
>etween 
on  the 
fertile 
teljr  on 
kilroad, 
Y  miles 

)roduct 
rginia, 
lin  the 
3sq.,  of 
Qd  has 
ropria- 
omely, 
;  from 
igs  are 
'  new. 


Wc  had  some  expectation  of  being  furnished 
with  an  analysis    of  these  springs  before  this 
volume  went  to  press,  and  regret  that  it  has  not 
been  supplied.     My  personal  observation  of  their 
effects  in   health  and  disease,  is  too  limited  to 
enable  me  to  speak  positively  of  their  medicinal 
peculiarities  or  powers,  and,  in  the  absence  of  an 
analysis,  prudf '    ■  restricts  me  from  considering 
their  therapeutic  character,  except  in  the  light  of 
analogy,  and  from  the  experience  of  their  use  by 
a  few  gentlemen  who  seem  to  bo  well  qualified  to 
judge  of  their  powers.     From  such  light,  I  believe 
that  these  waters  will  be  found  a  safe  and  beneficial 
remedy  in  a  large  class  of  cases  usually  success- 
fully treated  by  the  mild-  sulphur  waters  that 
exist  in  the  same  general  geological  region. 

In  cases  of  difficult,  imperfect,  or  painful  diges^ 
tion,  enfeebled  condition  of  the  nervous  system, 
chronic  diseases  of  the  bladder  or  kidneys,  salt 
rheum,  tetters,  indolent  liver,  with  deficient  or 
vitiated  secretions,  and  to  some  of  the  affeotiont 
peculiar  to  females,  they  will  be  found  weU 
adapted. 

Coiner's  Springs  are  convenient  of  approach 
eithOT  from  the  East  or  West,  being  only  ten 
hours  by  rail,  from  Richmond   or  Petersburg,  - 
about  two  and  a  half  from  Lynchburg,  and  tea 
from  Abingdon.  : 

S8» 


"'^^'iiiKittiste^aaytMaf^aii^ 


8S0 


UXNBRAL  WATBRS  OF  VIROIXIA. 


ROANOKE  RED  SULPHUR  SPRING. 

This  is  ooo  of  the  new  places  of  valetudinary 
and  pleasure  resorts  which  the  recent  ordor  for 
spring  iraprorement  has  brought  to  the  public 
view. 

It  is  situated  in  the  County  of  Boanoko,  on  the 
stage-road  from  the  town  of  Solem  to  the  Sweet 
Springs,  ten  miles  from  the  former,  and  obout 
forty  from  the  latter  ploce. 

It  is  called  Bed  Sulphur  from  the  color  of  its 
deposits,  and  from  its  supposed  resemblance,  as  a 
medicinal  agent,  to  the  old  Red  Sulphur  in  the 
Cbunty  of  Monroe. 

The  waters  of  this  fountain  have  not  been 
analyzed,  nor, have  they  as  yet  so  for  made  «ut 
their  medical  record  of  applicabilities  and  cures, 
as  to  enable  mo  to  speak  of  Chem  with  such  particu* 
larity  as  I  could  desire. 

They  are  mild  and  pleasant  sulphurous  waters, 
and  no  doubt  will  be  found  well  adapted  to  a 
numerous  class  of  coses  successfully  treated  by 
such  waters.  An  intelligent  and  reliable  friend, 
residing  in  the  neighborhood,  has  assured  me 
that  they  have  been  used  with  excellent  effect  in 
several  cases  of  affections  of  the  cheat  And  ttomach^ 
and  they  are  favorably  spoken  of  by  many  persons 
who  have  visited  them. 

These    springs   may  be   conveniently  reached 


rfylgwrt-ywifaf*;^  .tii»B«^)i<»!iW'»*^«^Ty>»,vH. 


■>a*t^»WM»tid<ng^  '^ii.rti'tH>ifrtiM^ipjii|ii^B||ggl 


rft'miWs^T 


DLUE  niDQE  SFBIXOS. 


331 


^tudinary 
ardor  for 
le  public 

0,  on  the 
be  Sweet 
nd  about 

or  of  its 
ince,  as  a 
ir  in  the 

not  been 
nade  ^ut 
tid  cures, 
1  particu' 

B  waters, 
tod  to  a 
eated  by 
e  friend, 
ared  me 
effect  in 
ttomach, 
r  persons 

reached 


either  from  the  Virginia  and  TeniicuKec  Railroad  at 
Salem,  or  from  the  Sweet  Springs  in  Monroe,  in 
stages,  or  by  private  conveyance,  over  well-graded 

rends. 

BLUE  RIDOE  SPRINGS. 

The  Blub  Ridob  Sprinos  are  situated  in  the 
County  of  Botetourt,  on  the  western  slope,  and 
not  far  from  the  summit  of  the  Blue  i?tt?grc  Moun- 
tain, 1,300  feet  above  tide  water ;  in  a  salubrious 
and  healthful  climate,  and  immediately  on  the 
Virginia  and  Tennessee  Railroad. 

Although  but  recent  aspirants  for  public  favor, 
they  have  already  become  well  known  to  many 
visitants ;  but  still  more  extensively  to  distant 
i«val ids  who  have  been  benefited  by  their  /rans- 
ported  waters. 

While  the  general  notoriety  of  these  waters 
dates  back  but  a  few  years,  they  have  been  long 
and  favorably  known  to  the  habitues  of  the  sur- 
rounding country,  who,  for  more  than   twenty 
years,  have  been  in  the  habit  of  using  them  for 
the  cure  of  various  diseases.    It  is  only,  however, 
within  the  last  rive  or  six  years  that  their  curative 
powers  became  so  prominent  as  to  induce  an  asso- 
ciated effort  for  the  general  improvement  of  the 
property,  and  to  facilitate  the  transportation  of 
the  waters  to  distant  parts  of  the  country, 
lo  the  nomendalure  of  Mineral  Waters,  the 


'■■B>itiS^l^.i^M'!i.^?t1;^l@g!^;3i^»^^^^ 


88t 


MINERAL  WATEB8  OF  VIHOINIA. 


know?  af  H  ^       *%r^°''^  ^'^"»«  *<>  '^'  <^f<^'» 

known  a«  Saline    Wateks.    I„  local  Bituation, 
they  occupy   a  cent.^l   ,,o8ition,   geographically 

rhnL"^  ^'•«™  Harper's  Ferry  in  the  north,  to  the 
Ch.lhowee  Mountains  in   the  south.     AH  along 
this  ent.ro  range,  this  Class  of  Waters  are  found 
varying  Bomewhat  in   their  ingredients,  but  all 

Nor  IS  this  valuable  class  of  waters  found  in  any 
other  portion  of  our  continent  in  the  same  abund- 
anew  and  purity. 

The;8pring8  that  represent  the  extremes  of  this 

Blount  County,  Tennessee,  and  the  Shenandale,  in 
Jefferson  County,  Virginia,  distant  more  than  isO 
m.les  apart.  In  the  intermediate  space  betwe<m 
bese  extremes,  Evidences  are  afforded  in  various 
pkces  along  the  mountains  of  the  existence  of 
•imilar  waters ;  but  their  existence  in  purity  and 
m  .ufflcient  quantity  for  general  use  have'^only 
been  demonstrated  and  brought  before  the  public 
In.    '  A^n'"f  °^  ;'Shenandak,"  "Blue  Ridge,- 

30  miler  apart,  and  are  so  entirely  alike  in  the 
general  character  of  their  waters,  that  apart  from 
the  reflnemonts  of  chemical  tests,  they  may  be 
said  to  te  identical.    Certainly,  fa;  more  .0  Lt 


mK 


BLUB   KIDOB   BPRINU3. 


383 


ho  Claaa 
ituation, 
>phical]y 
nge  ex- 
),  to  the 
n  along 
I  found  ; 
but  all 
1  class, 
in  any 
abund- 

of  this 
o/e,   in 
idle,  in 
an  450 
etwoM 
various 
SDce  of 
tyand 
B  only 
ptiblio 
idge," 
Mont- 

aboQt 
n  tbo 
;  from 
ay  be 
than 


mineral  waters  of  tho  same  class,  but  arising  in 
diflforent  neighborhoods,  oven  in  the  same  geo- 
logical range,  are  usually  found  to  be. 

]^r.  John  H.  Griffin,  an  eminent  and  discrimi* 
nating  physician,  of  Salem,  Virginia,  who  has 
been  much  in  the  habit  of  using  both  waters  in 
his  practice,  regards  them  as  so  entirely  identical 
in  their  effects,  as  to  render  it  a  matter  of  conve- 
nience as  to  which  he  prescribes  when  the  nature 
of  the  case  demands  the  use  of  either. 

In  the  class  of  Saline  Waters,  are  comprised 
those  springs  that  contain  a  sufficient  amount  of 
neutral  salts  to  occasion  the  marked  effects  of  such 
agents,  and  especially  purgative  operations. 

The  salts  most  commonly  found  in  waters  of 
this  class  are  the  Carbonates,  Sulphates  and  Muri- 
ates— such  as  the  Carbonates  of  Magnesia  or  Lime, 
the  Sulphates  of  Magnesia  and  Soda,  and  the 
Muriate  of  Soda  and  Lime.  ^  Iron  and  Alumina,  in 
some  of  their  forms,  are  frequently  found,  while 
other  active  salts  sometimes  contribute  to  form  > 
their  valuable  combinations. 

The  Blue  Ridge  water  has  not  been  quantita- 
tively analyzed  with  such  care  and  precision  as  to 
decide  with  precise  accuracy  the  relative  qualities 
of  its  several  ingredients.  Enough  upon  this 
subject  is  chemically  known,  however,  to  enable 
us  with  confidence  to  decide  upon  its  true  classifi- 
cation ;  while  actual  experience  in  its  use  fully 
demonstrates  the  fact,  that  in  medical  efficiency  it 


I'HaJJUWuirili-igMpia 


MINERAL  WATSM  OF  VIRfllNU. 

itandu  as  a  high  and  potent  roprescntativo  of  this 
clnos  of  u-atcrs. 

In  saline  waters,  strictly  bo  called,  the  propor- 
tion of  gaseous  matter  is  generally  small.  In  this 
particular  water  there  is  no  evidence  of  any  «n-' 
combined  or  free  gas ;  and  this,  in  connection 
with  the  important  fact  that  it  holds  its  various 
salts  so  firmly  in  solution,  that  not  the  slightest 
deposit  takes  place,  from  its  agitation  or  long 
standing,  adapts  it  most  happily  for  tranapartation 
and  profitable  medicinal  use  long  after  its  removal 
from  the  fountain. 

MEDICINAL  EPFECT8 

The  medicinal  effects  of  these  waters  are  mildly 
laasatim  or  actively  purging ^  in  proportion  to  the 
quantity  dranK  and  the  excitability  of  the  bowels. 

Simply  as  a  purgative,  they  are  vastly  superior 
in  chromic  disease  to  the  ordinary  drugs  of  th6 
opothecary.  Principally  in  this,  that  the  involid 
may  keep  up  their  action  upon  the  bowels  for  a 
number  of  days  without  suffering  that  general 
debility  or  loss  of  appetite  which  so  constantly 
occttrs  from  a  similar  course  of  the  ordinary 
purging  medicines. 

In  itnall  or  aperient  doses  they  act  kindly  and 
beneficially  upon  the  Udneye  and  Attn,  and  es- 
pecially when  gentle  exercise  is  connected  with 
their  use. 


.-.■t,...i.  ^..i..^„.:,^.^,..i.^^.^^.^ 


iMilMi*Wii 


BUE  RIDOE  SPRI.VOA. 


885 


vo  of  this 

0  propor- 
Infhis 

f  atiy  iin-' 
snncction 
ts  vnrious 
slightest 
or  long 
iportation 

1  removal 


>ro  mildly 
n  to  the 
s  bowels, 
superior 
8  of  tbd 
e  invalid 
els  for  a 
general 
mstantly 
ordinary 

ttilj  and 

and  es- 

ted  with 


Administorcd  in  the  sume  guarded  way,  they 
exert  a  happy  influence  upon  the  tnutvua  surfaces, 
m  well  as  upon  the  serotts,  synovial  and  Jibrous 
mvmbranes.  Such  influences  are  witnesHC*!  in 
chronic  cfttarrh,  mucous  diarrhosa,  rheumatic 
affections  of  the  joints,  etc.,  etc. 

Tiiey    both    primarily    and    secondarily  exert 
favorable  influences   upon  the   glandular  secre- 
tions.    This  is   sometimes  marked  in  the  relief 
they  afford  in  Jaundice  and  other  diseases  of  the 
glandular  structun  ^ 

In  Dyspepsia  thr  have  acquired  :.  more  estab- 
lisho'l  reputation,  perhaps,  than  U\  any  other  form 
of  disease,  mainly,  we  pre  'ime,  t  om  the  fact  that 
they  have  been  more  "xtensivHy  employed  in  this 
than  in  any  other  single  form  of  disea  k. 

Dyspepsia  is  multiform,  both  in  '»  causes  and 
its  pathology,  and  hence  no  one  rem  dy  is  eqr^Uy 
well  adapted  to  all  its  form  u.;'!  phases.  H.-.  as 
a  general  remedy  adapted  to  u.cot  the  general 
want  in  the  various  dyspeptic  depravities,  this 
water  and  its  kindred  class  occupy  a  decidedly 
high  position  among  the  most  valued  remedies  in 
such  cases. 

I  by  no  means  intend  to  u.j&crt  that  this  or  any 
other  mineial  water,  or  any  article  of  the  apothe- 
cary, is  an  infallible  remedy  in  all  dyspeptic  cases  : 
such  a  position  would  be  alike  extravagant  and 
uncandid.  But  I  fully  endorse  the  truthful  re- 
sults of  experience,  that  such  waters  are  among 


»?gSitf-'-if^' 


336 


MINBRAL  WATERS  OF  VIROINIA. 


our  best  remedied  in  all  such  cases ;  always  safe 
when  prudently  used,  and  often  effective  where 
the  usual  remedies' of  the  profession  have  failed. 

If  called  upon  to  say  in  what  particular  form  of 
dysjiepsia  these  waters  may  be  most  relied  upon, 
I  would  say  in  cases  attended  with  mucoua  aecre- 
tiona,  and  which  often  develop  alarming  palpita- 
tions and  other  unpleasant  neuralgia  affections. 
But  I  by  no  means  regard  their  efficacy  in  dys- 
pepsia as  limited  to  such  cases. 

In  chronic  mucous  diarrhcea,  alike  common  and 
fatal  in  our  Southern  latitudes,  the  prudent  use  of 
this  water  is  eminently  proper.  In  all  cases  of 
this  kind  the  Avater  should  bo  used  in  small  and 
frequently  repeated  doses,  and  its  influence  upon 
the  secreting  surfaces  encouraged  by  the  occa- 
sional use  of  a  warm  bath  when  such  an  adjunct 
can  be  commanded.  A  departure  from  this  rule 
of  prudence  as  to  the  quantity  of  the  water  to  be 
nsed,  would  cause  it  rather  to  aggravate  than 
benefit  the  case. 

In  disorders  of  the  hidneya  and  bladder,  attended 
with  aoltdua  concretions  and  consequently  with 
tendency  to  calcttlus,  these  waters  may  be  looked 
to  as  a  hopeful  source  of  relief.  Their  efficacy  in 
Bueh  oases  may  be  attributed  mainly  to  the  altera- 
tive changes  tliey  effect  in  the  blood,  and  upon 
the  secretory  and  absorbing  functions,  and  ^  their 
increasing  the  flow  of  urine,  thus  giving  an  easier 
passage  to  the  extraneous  matter,  which,  when 
long  retained,  proves  painful  and  injurious. 


J  m  I  |i  hi  iriifc WiWMfii  )y I 


LL'-ffe§Ji*j'"Vr''^A%-M'tr!-/'l-*'i^^^ 


BLUB  RIDOB  BPMSGB. 


337 


Iwayg  gafo 
ive  where 
ive  failed, 
ar  form  of 
lied  upon, 
»«»  secre- 
;  palpita- 
iffections. 
y  in  djs- 

iinon  and 
Bnt  use  of 
1  cases  of 
imall  and 
iuce  upon 
the  occa- 
»  adjunct 
this  rule 
ter  to  be 
ate  than 

attended 
tly  with 
e  looked 
ficacy  in 
e  altera- 
nd  upon 
tb  their 
tn  easier 
b,  tvhen 
ts. 


As  a  general  rvle,  from  two  to  eight  half-pint 
glasses' of  this  water  may  be  taken  within  the 
twenty-four  hours. 

Some  patients  will  bear  with  advantage  a  some- 
what larger  amount,  after  their  bystem  has 
established  a  perfect  tolerance  for  the  water,  but 
as  a  general  rule  the  proper  quantity  lies  wit^ 
the  extremes  mentioned. 

From  four  to  six  glasses  a  day  are  the  quan- 
tities best  adapted  to  the  largest  number  of  in- 
valids. 

Neither  this  nor  any  other  mineral  water  should 
be  used  at  indiscriminate  periods  through  the  day 
as  a  mere  assuager  of  thirst,  but  at  such  periods 
only  as  have  been  indicated. 

In  chronic  diarrhoea,  or  any  other  case  of  high 
susceptibility  of  the  bowels,  the  quantities  of 
water  used  at  first  must  be  small  and  with  long 
intervals  between  the  drinks,  but  may  be  gently 
increased  as  the  system  is  found  to  bear  it.  In 
such  cases,  half  a  glass  at  a  time  is  as  much  as 
the  patient  ought  to  take  on  commencing  its  use. 

ALLEQHAinr  SPRIKGS. 

Thb  AUeghany  Springs  are  situated  on  the  south 
fork  of  Boanoke  Biver,  in  the  County  of  Mont- 
gomery, three  and  a  half  miles  south  of  the 
Virginia  and  Tennessee  Bailroad  at  SkawsviUe, 
whence  they  may  be  conveniently  reached    by 


MMtt 


338 


MINBBAL  WATBRS  OF  VIBOINIA. 


stage-coaches  which  run  between  the  two  points. 
They  are  eighteen  miles  southwest  from  the  town 
of  Salem,  and  ten  miles  east  from  Christians- 
bnrg. 

The  property  was  improved  by  the  Messrs. 
Holts.  Mr.  Cahoun  is  its  present  proprietor — 
furnishing  comfortabte  accommodations  for  two 
or  three  hundred  visitors. 

Although  the  Alleghany  Springs  have  been 
long  esteemed  valuable  by  persons  in  their  im- 
mediate neighborhood,  it  is  only  within  the  last 
five  or  six  years,  that  they  have  attracted  much 
general  attention. 

The  waters  have  not  been  analyzed.  They  are 
regarded,  however,  and  I  have  no  doubt  correctly, 
as  belonging  distinctly  to  the  »dine  class,  and  to 
abound  especially  in  sulphate  of  magnesia.  They 
aire  cathartic,  diuretic,  and  tonic  in  their  influences^ 
and  many  patients,  together  with  several  judicious 
physicians  who  have  tested  their  virtues,  regard 
them  as  very  valuable  medicinal  agents  in  various 
diseases  affecting  the  stomach  and  chylopoetic 
viscera. 

Assuming  that  the  general  opinion  which  con- 
cedes to  them  distinct,  and  strong  aoLiM  quality, 
is  correct,  we  have  but  little  difficulty  in  assigning 
td  them  a  sphere  of  hnportant  usefulness. 

The  saline  are  among  the  most  ancient  of  the 
various  classes  of  mineral  waters  that  were  used 
for  the  cure  of  disease ;  and  the  general  range  of 


in  iiiWf  WjjytMMtofcMHHlii 


AUiBGHANY  SPBINOS. 


3S9 


>  points, 
the  town 
ristians- 

^essrs. 
)rietor — 
for  two 

ve  heen 
beir  im- 
the  last 
id  much 

i^heyare 
>rrectl7, 
,  and  to 
.  They 
luences^ 
iidiciouB 
regard 
yarious 
lopoetic 

ich  con- 
quality, 
signing 

of  the 
re  nsed 
ftnge  of 


their  applicability  may  be  considered  as  pretty 
well  defined. 

Such  waters  exert  but  an  inconsiderable  effect 
upon  the  sanguiferous  and  nervous  systems ;  their 
efficacy  mainly  depending  on  their  laxative  and 
purgative  operations,  by  which  the  alimentary 
canal  is  excited  to  copious  secretions,  and  the 
secretory  functions  of  the  liver  and  pancreas  are 
stimulated  to  pour  out  their  appropriate  fluids  ; 
besides,  like  other  mineral  waters,  they  are 
absorbed^  and  conveyed  through  the  whole  course 
of  the  circulation,  and  are  applied  in  their  medical 
efficacy  to  the  capillary  tissues,  and  glandular 
organs.  The  sympathy  between  the  digestive 
canal,  upon  which  they  Operate  primarily,  and 
all  the  other  organs  of  the  body,  prepares  us  for 
witnessing  the  happy  effects  which  they  often 
exert  upon  the  latter  organs,  by  their  direct  effects 
upon  the  former. 

Where  no  considerable  irritation  or  inflamma- 
tion exists  in  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  stomach 
and  bowels,  saiine  mineral  w(Ueravril\  be  found 
valuable  in  relieving  congestion  or  irritation  of 
distant  organs;  Jirat,  by  copious  evacuation  of 
fluids;  and  second f  by  derivation  of  blood  from 
them  to  the  superflcies  of  the  portal  system.* 
Affections  of  the  head,  chest,  skin  and  joints,  will 
often  be  greatly  benefitted  by  their  prudent  use. 


•Bell. 


"■**'■  ■■^"j^aNaaffig^-^!^*^ 


i'iv.ij«Bfjiy»ii  if.ii%.,^vift>-  ■^-,-.»^ 


849  MINEBAL  VATBB8  9V  VIBOINIA. 

From  the  absorption  of  saline  matters,  contained 
in  such  waters,  and  possibly  from  the  force  of 
sympathy  from  other  organs,  the  {(ecretions  of  the 
hidneya  and  akin  are  commonly  much  increased. 
Such  results,  often  highly  beneficial,  generally 
ensue  from  doses  falling  short  of  the  quantity 
usually  taken  to  produce  active  purging. 

The  waters  of  the  Alleghany  Springs,  like  all 
waters  of  the  saline  class,  purge  mildly  or  actively, 
in  proportion  to  the  quantity  drunk  and  the 
peristaltic  excitability  of  the  bowels.  Simply  as 
a  purgative,  they  are  very  superior  in  many  chronic 
diseases  to  the  drugs  ordinarily  used  for  this  pur- 
pose, and  principally  in  this,  that  the  invalid  can 
keep  up  their  action  npon  the  bowels  for  a  number 
of  days,  without  suffering  that  debility  of  tho 
constitution  and  loss  of  appetite  which  so  oon> 
stantly  occur  from  a  similar  course  of  the  ordinary 
purging  drugs. 

In  small  and  aperieivt  doses,  they  often  act  most 
beneficially  on  the  functions  of  the  shin  and  Iddneya; 
and  especially,  if  the  warm  bath,  and  gentle 
exercise,  be  connected  with  their  use.  Adminis- 
tered in  the  same  way,  we  sometimes  witness  very 
pleasant  infiuences  from  these  waters  upon  the 
mucous  surfaces,  as  well  as  upon  the  serous, 
synovial,  and  fibrous  membranes;  such  results 
are  sometimes  witnessed  in  chronic  catarrh, 
rheumatic  affections  of  the  joints,  etc. 

My  experience  in  the  use  of  the  salipe  waters 


ssssjwjsiifiaiffis 


ontained 
force  of 
IS  of  the 
creased, 
enerally 
quantity 

like  all 
ictively, 
ind  the 
mply  as 
chronic 
lis  pur- 
ilid  can 
number 
of  the 
so  con- 
rdinary 

>ct  most 
'eidneys; 
gentle 
iminis- 
iss  very 
•on  the 
serous, 
results 
Eitarrh, 

waters 


MONTOOMBRT-   WBITB.  8UIJP HUB. 


341 


has  been  very  favorable  to  their  employment  in 
dyspepsia  as  well  as  in  many  other  of  the  derange- 
ments of  the  digestive  and  assimilative  functions ; 
in  obstructions  of  the  abdominal  viscera  generally, 
when  unconnected  with  serious  organic  disease, 
they  may  be  looked  to  as  potent  agents,  and 
especially  in  cases  attended  with  costiveness  and 
depraved  or  vitiated  biliary  secretions. 

The  Alleghany  Springs  may  be  very  conve- 
niently reached  from  the  East  or  South  by  railroad, 
by  way  of  Lynchburg ;  or  from  the.  Southwest,  by 
way  of  Knoxville. 


MONTGOMERY  T?TnTE  SULPHUB. 

Thh  Montgombby  Whitb  Sulphub  are  springs  of 
recent  discovery  and  improvement.  They  are 
situated  on  the  southern  slope  of  the  Alleghany 
Mountain,  in  the  county  of  Montgomery,  a  few 
miles  east  of  the  town  of  Ohristiansburg,  and  at 
a  short  distance  from  the  Virginia  and  Tennessee 
Railroad,  from  which  to  the  springs  a  branch 
railroad  has  been  constructed  by  the  owners  of  the 
springs. 

Person*  visiting  this  place  leave  the  Virginia 
and  Tennessee  Bailroad  at  the  /fiJpWngr  Depot,  on 
the  slope  of  the  Alleghany,  and  take  the  company's 
railroad,  on  which,  in  a  fe\7  minutes,  they  are 
conducted  to  their  destination. 
8»» 


1 


a  jiw»aMtf»M«»>Miwww^iiWtto'i!Ui-,^!.Kirtite'i^  , .  iJr»ma'<iimjmw»m»m>jmv*mmm»9!mr!i!!!' 


a«8 


MISmALmWATmB  OF  VaQTSlA. 


The  property  is  owned  by  a  company  of  gentle- 
men, whose  spirit  and  good  taste  in  its  rapid 
improvement  is  deserving  of  public  commendation. 
The  bvildings  for  the  accommodation  of  visitors, 
that  have  gone  up  here  in  the  last  four  years,  and 
with  a  rapidity  almost  unprecedented  in  this 
country,  are  spacious,  elegant,  and  convenient, 
and  since  their  construction  have  been  well  filled 
by  visitors  during  the  summer  mouths 

The  Montgomery  White  Sulphur  is  convenient 
of  access  by  railroad,  either  from  Lynchburg,  a 
distance  of  about  ninety  miles,  or  from  the  South- 
west  by  way  of  the  Virginia  and  Tennessee,  and 
the  Tennessee  and  Virginia  Bailroads.     The  alti- 

!h1V  '*'  r'"''"'  *"'*  '^'  health-inspiring 
climate,  give  to  it  potent  recommendatitfns  for 
summer  residence. 

As  yet  no  analysis  of  the  waters  have  been  made 
public,  and  they  have  been  used  medicinally  for  so 
short  a  time,  that  no  recqrd  has  been  made  of  their 
powers  and  adaptations  sufficiently  specific  and 
distinct  to  serve  as  a  guide  to  the  invalid  in  their 
"ZtT*  ^";P**»y°»«°*-  As  they  are  very  favor- 
ably  located  for  climate  and  general  healthfulness, 
are  easy  of  approach,  and  ^ithal,  are  kept  in  a 

SAk  ffr"**"*^  '^"'^^'■*'  >'  "  ^^<^^  to  be 
hoped  that  the  proprietors  will  add  to  their  other 

commendable  enteiprises,  that  of  furnishing  the 
public  with  a  correct  analysis  of  the  waters ;  and 
thatsucb  observations  of  their  general  and  peculiar 


< 
f 

1 
( 
t 

-1 

8 
I 
8 
I 

a 
b 
a 

t( 
a 

C( 

fa 
t] 
a 
t] 
G 

S{ 

fr 


r  gentle- 
ts  rapid 
ndation. 
visitors, 
ars,  aod 
in  this 
«renient, 
»11  filled 

ivenient 
burg,  a 
>  Bouth- 
ee,  aod 
ho  alti- 
spiring 
cfns  for 

nniade 
r  for  so 
•f  their 
ic  and 
a  their 
favor- 
ilness, 
t  in  « 
to  be 
other 
>g  the 
;  and 
culiar 


MONTGOMERT   WHITE   SULPHUR. 


343 


eflTects  upon  the  various  diseases  submitted  to  their 
use,  will  be  made  by  scientific  and  com'petent 
persons,  as  will  enable  the  public  to  give  them  a 
definite  and  diatinct. therapeutic  position  among 
our  numerous  mineral  fountains. 

The  waters  of  the  Montgomery  White  being 
distinctly  mlphuroua  in  their  character,  and  withal 
a  bland  and  pleasant  beverage,  will  be  found  to 
be  well  adapted  to  the  cure  of  a  large  number  of 
chronic  affections  that^are  known  to  be  advan- 
tageously treated  by  sulphur  waters  generally. 
They  are  somewhat  less  cathartic,  and  also  less 
stimulant  than  many  Sulphur  waters,  and  hence' 
may  be  us.ed  with  more  freedom  and  with  greater 
safety  than  such  waters,  by<ielicate  and  excitable 
persons.     This  mild  and  slightly-operative  char- 
acter of  the  water,  while  it  constitutes  it  a  safe 
beverage  for  the  delicate  invalid,  very  happily 
adapts  it,  as  a  mild  alterative  and  depurative  agent, 
to  a  large  class  of  cases  in  which  alterative  effects 
are  demanded  for  the  cure  of  the  case. 

The  Montgomery  White  Sulphur  occupies  a 
central  position  among  the  Southwestern  springs^ 
having  the  AUeghany  and  C7otner'«— the  one  ten, 
the  other  thirty  miles  to  the  east ;  the  "  Yellow;' 
and  the  P^aaU  Alum^ihQ  first  five,  the  latter 
thirty-five  miles  to  the  southwest;  while  the 
Graymm  Sulphur  is  about  sixty-five  miles  in  the  ^ 
same  general  direction,  all  convenient  of  access 
from  this  point  by  railroad  and  stage-coachea. 


iSilt!aI#R9|i8amaMiB!lM«IM 


344 


MINKRAL  WATEB8  OF  VIBaiKIA. 


CHAPTER  XXII. 

TtOmB    Spring* — Pukuki    Alum   Spring*— Ora^ton    Sulphur 
Spring*— HoMon  Spring*. 

YELLOW    SPRINGS. 

Thbse  springs  are  pleasantly  situated  in  an 
elevated  and  picturesque  part  of  the  County  of 
Montgomerj,  and  are  surrounded  by  variegated 
and  interesting  scenery,  and  a  productive  and 
prosperous  agricultural  country.  They«ftre  about 
four  miles  from  the  Virginia  and  Tennessee  Bail- 
road,  with  whiT5h  they  are  connected  at  Christians- 
burg  Depot,  by  a  well-graded  turnpike.  They 
are  five  miles  distant  from  the  Montgomery  White 
Sulphur  Springs,  thirteen  from  the  Alleghany, 
thirtyrfive  from  the  Salt  Sulphur,  and  about  sixty 
from  the  Greenbrier  White  Sulphur. 

The  spring  rises  on  the  east  side  of  the 
Alleghany,  and  not  more  than  sixty  feet  below 
the  summit  level  of  that  mountain ;  its  waters 
flow  into  the  North  fork  of  the  Boanoke,  which  is 
about  two  miles  distant.  In  consequence  of  the 
great  altitude  of  the  spring,  the  climate  in  which 
it  is  situated  is  very  salubrious,  the  air  being 
elastic,  pure  and  invigorating  during  the  hottest 
days  pf  summer.    The  water  is  clear,  unusually 


**^  '*  iftf'^**!*'''!'*™ 


l»«t3-.iHlif.»M 


YELLOW    BPRINQ8. 


345 


vn    Bulpkur 


ed  in  an 
County  of 
rariegated 
ctive  and 
are  about 
Bsee  Bail- 
Ihrifltians- 
ce.  They 
iry  White 
lleghany, 
>out  sixty 

9  of  the 
eet  below 
is  waters 
,  which  is 
ice  of  the 
in  which 
air  being 
le  hottest 
unusually 


transparent,  and  very  cool ;  its  temperature  being 
about  65°  Fahrenheit.  Its  taste  is  slightly 
astringent,  or  styptic.  The  taste  or  smell  of 
sulphur  is  slightly,  if  at  all  perceptible,  and  so 
little  unpalatable  is  the  water,  that  many  persons, 
after  using  it  for  a  short  time,  prefer  it  to  the 
common  limestone  water  of  the  neighharhood. 
In  running  over  rough  channels,  as  well  as  on  the 
bottom,  and  sides  of  the  spring  inclosure,  it 
deposits  a  brownish-yellow  sediment ;  a  bluish 
sediment  is  also  occasionally  observed,  supposed 
to  be  a  prussiate  of  iron.  After  standing  in  an 
open  vessel  for  some  twelve  or  fifteen  hours,  it 
loses  its  styptic  taste,  becomes  flat,  and  deposits  a 
small  quantity  of  its  characteristic  sediment.  For 
cooking  purposes,  it  is  said  to  be  preferred,  if  used 
as  soon  as  it  begins  to  boil,  but  if  the  boiling  be 
continued,  it  renders  whatever  may  be  cooked  in  it 
bitter  and  disagreeable. 

The  improvements  at  the  Yellow  Springs  are 
very  comfortable;  the  Buildings  are  new,  pleas- 
antly arranged,  and  combine  elegance  with 
convenience.  Many  of  the  rooms,  as  well  as  the 
spring  and  the  pleasure  grounds,  are  delightfully 
shaded  by  magnificent  forest  trees . 

Under  the  name  of  "Taylor's  Springs,"  or 
"  Tellow  Springs,"  this  watering  place  has  been 
well  known  and  much  visited  by  invalids,  for  near 


■  ■■4Wj'^Be!iJ*!j!-'Wt'yt-y>MN!'y''' 


wtjIi.yiipiMffiwjgjjlWP*'^^!'  t\*9f9i,}\uM''-»ffrrtim'^ifP^'^ 


MINBBAL  WATEBfl  OF  YIROINIA. 

■izty  years.  As  early  as  1810  it  attracted  consid- 
erable attention,  and  had  numerous  yisitors, 
especially  from  Eastern  Virginia,  and  North 
Carolina.  Among  others,  the  venerable  Bishop 
Madison^  formerly  president  of  'William  and  Mary 
College,  was  a  frequent  visitor,  and  in  1810,  under 
the  nam  depfume  of  "  Viator,"  published  a  series 
of  facts  and  observations,  to  which  the  public 
were  indebted  for  their  earliest  scientific  know- 
ledge of  the  water. 

In  1855  it  was  analyzed  by  Professor  Gilham, 
who  says : — 

One  gallon  of  the  water  I  find  to  contain — 

Cubonio  acid 9-860  gnixu. 

Solphuric  acid 08888  «* 

Phoaphoric  acid. <H)18  " 

Hagneaia 7728  *' 

Lime. ~. 82150  " 

Oxide  of  iron. .ft. - 0480  " 

Alamina. 1-729  " 

PotaalL 0-119  " 

Soda. 0-858  " 

Cldorine '....  OOftS  " 

Oiganic  extractive  matter. 8*788  " 


These  substances  existing  together  in  the  water, 
give  rise  to  carbonates,  sulphates,  phosphates  and 
chlorides,  as  follows : — 


TBLLOW    SPRIKOS. 


347 


ted  oonsid- 
s  visitors, 
nd  North 
>le  Bishop 
I  And  Mary 
810,  under 
ed  a  series 
khe  public 
ific  know- 


r  Gilham, 


AID — 


Q  gnUns. 
3     " 
B     " 
B     " 


the  water, 
hates  and 


Carbonato  of  lime 8-643  gnlna. 

Carbonate  of  magnofiia i'SSO  " 

Carbonate  of  protoxide  of  Irpn 0-617  " 

Free  carbonic  add 4-680  " 

Sulphate  of  lime. 65-809  " 

Sulpliate  of  magneaiik 21008  " 

Sulphate  of  alumina..... 8170  " 

Sulphate  of  potaah 0107  " 

Sulphate  of  aoda 0-760  " 

Protoxide  of  iron. trice*. 

Phosphate  of  lime OOIS  " 

Phosphate  of  magneaia. 0-011  " 

Chloride  of  potassium 0-097  " 

Chloride  of  sodium '0-076  " 

Organic  eztnctiTe  matter. ~ 8-788  " 

The  water,  as  its  analysis  indicates,  is  decidedly 
tonic,  diuretic  and  mildly  purgative. 
^  From  seven  to  eight  tumblerp  taken  at  inter- 
vals, will  usually  create  a  mild  cathartic  effect ;  as 
a  diuretic  it  is  active ;  but  its  evident  range  of 
usefulness  will  be  found  in  its  valuable  tonic 
properties.  As  a  beverage  it  lies  lightly  and 
comfortably  upon  the  stomach,  when  drunk  even 
in  large  quantities.  With  many  persons,  espe- 
cially on  commencing  its  usa,  it  occasions  slight 
excitation  both  of  the  physical  and  mental 
system,  evidenced  by  a  flushing  of  the  face,  a 
pleasant  glow  over  the  body,  some  increase  of 
the  frequency  of  the  pulse,  and  of  \he  animal 
spirits. 

^Its  tendency  to  increase  the  appetite  and  promote 
digestion  is  very  uniform. 


■iilUlpiilpi 


848 


i'^jvioi.  wAi-ma  of  vntonriA. 


In  Dyapepna  tlu  water  hM  soinetimea  produced 
highly  beneficial  effects. 

In  that  class  o(  female  amplainls,  demanding 
the  use  of  tonics,  it  is  a  most  efficacious  remedy, 
and  has  often  proved  very  successful. 

In  diseases  of  the  Skin,  especially  in  the  various 
forms  of  Herpes,  it  is  said  to  diapiay  highly 
curative  powers. 

In  old  ulcera  it  has  been  found  very  beneficial ; 
obstinate  oases  of  many  years  standing,  have 
been  successfully  treated  by  the  water,"  used  both 
externally  and  internally,  that  had  for  years 
resisted  the  efforts  of  surgery. 

In  Chronic  Diarrhcea  it  is  much  relied  upon  by 
those  who  have  had  most  experience  in  ifs  use. 
Doctors  Edie  and  Wade,  intelligent  physician* 
residing  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  springs,  and 
who  have  oftan  prescribed  the  water  in  this  class 
of  cases,  commend  it  very  highly. 

In  gaieral  Debility,  connected  with  nervous 
prostration,  and  unattended  with  serious  visceral 
obstructions,  it  will  always  be  found  a  valuable 
remedy. 


PULASKI  ALUM  BPRINO. 

This  spring  is  situated  in  the  northwest  portion 
of  the  County  of  Pulaski,  on  Little  Walker's 
Creek,  about  ten  miles  from  the  town  of  Newborn, 
and  seven  in  a  direct  line  from  the  Virginia  and 


PtILASKI  ALUM  DPRINO. 


849 


I  produced 

omanding 
•  remedy^ 

he  various 
y    highly 

>eneficial ; 
ing,  have 
used  both 
for    years 

upon  by 
a  ifs  use. 
)hy8iciaQs 
ings,  and 
this  class 

nervous 

B  visceral 

valuable 


It  portion 
Walker's 
STewbern, 
;inia  and 


Tennessee  Railroad.  It  is  owned  by  Mr.  Hunter, 
who  now  furnishes  accommodations  for  about  one 
hundred  visitors,  and  who  is  actively  engaged  in 
10  enlarging  his  improvements,  as  to  mako  them 
commensurate  with  the  public  demands. 

This  water  has  not  been  analyzed,  but  it  very 
much  resembles,  both  in  its  sensible  qualities  and 
its  medicinal  operations,  the  water  of  the  Rook- 
bridge  Alum.  It  already  enjoys  a  high  reputation 
in  its  neighborhood,  as  a  remedy  for  soroAila, 
cutaneous  diseases,  and  other  affections  for  which 
the  alum  waters  of  Rockbridge  have  become 
celebrated. 

The  fine  salubrious  climate  in  which  the  spring 
is  found,  and  the  convenience  with  which  it  can 
be  approached  by  the  railroad,- together  with  the 
value  of  its  waters  as  a  medicinal  agent,  make  it  a 
place  of  interest  and  importance  to  the  spring- 
going  public. 

Dr.  Withers,  of  Newborn,  in  a  communioatiob 
to  the  author,  thus  speaks  of  his  professional 
experience  with  these  waters:  "I  have  no  hesi- 
tancy in  according  to  them  decided  curative  effects 
in  some  diseases,  usually  very  obstinate ;  among 
the  number  I  would  mention  diseases  of  the  skin 
resulting  from  an  aplastic  condition  of  the  blood, 
or  from  special  poisons  in  the  system,  such  as 
Byphilitio  Itupia  'et  id  omne  genua.'  They  have  a 
decided  tendency  to  reproduce  suppressed  catOr 
menia,  sometimes  relieving  cases  that  have 
80 


iHHiiiihiliiliiiiiii^^ 


■MMMMMtMyiiriiliiiiiMlii 


60 


MIKKBAIi  WATXBS  Of  VntOINIA. 


obstinately  resisted  the  usual  medical  treatment." 
•Dr.  W.  also  considers  them  valuable  in  certain 
liver  affections,  and  in  derangements  of-  the 
;  l^landular  system  generally. 

GRAYSON  SULPHUR  SPRH^OS. 

V  The  Grayaon  Sulphur  Springs,  are  located 
immediately  on  the  west  side  of  the  Blue  Bidge, 
In  the  County  of  Carroll,  about  twenty  miles  south 
of  Wytheyille.  They  rise  on  the  banl:s  of  New 
Biver,  in  th^  midst  of  scenery  remarkable  for  its 
wildness  and  grandeur ^ — in  a  region  as  salubrioud 
and  invigorating  as  any  in  our  country.  The 
neighboring  streams  aboand  in  fish,  and  the 
forests  in  game  of  every  variety  found  in  our 
mountains. 

Long' before  these  springs  were  improved  in 
reference  to  public  accommodations,  their  medici- 
nal virtues  were  appreciated  by  many  intelligent 
gentlemen  of  Wythe  County,  who  were  in  the 
hdlHt  of  making  attnual  visits  to  the  region  in 
which  they  are  situated,  with  the  compound  object 
of  hunting,  fishing,  and  using  the  Sulphur  waters. 
l%car  regular  encampmeta,  (for  the  place  was  not 
tli^h  dignified  even  with  a  cabin,)  wad  near  the 
«ouroe  of  the  healing  water,  where,  during  the 
idle  weeks  of  fall,  they  made  themselves  happy 
and  healthy,  by  chasing  the  wild  buck,  angling 
the  Blue  Oat,  and  quaffing  sulphur  waters. 


eatment." 
in  certain 
B   of-  the 


9  locate 
le  Bidge, 
ilea  south 
8  of  New 
le  for  its 
alubrioud 
;ry.  The 
and  the 
d  in  our 

proved  in 
r  medici- 
ttelligent 
3  in  the 
egion  in 
nd  object 
r  waters, 
was  not 
near  the 
ring  the 
!8  happy 
angling 

8. 


ORAYSON  SULPHUR  SPRnfOS. 


361 


The  property  is  owned  by  an  association  of  gen- 
tlemen living  mainly  in  Wythe  County,  JInd  is 
improved  pleasantly  but  not  extensively ;  affording 
accommodations  for  from  one  hundred  and  fifty  to 
two  hundred  persons.  ,y 

The  waters  of  the  Grayson  have  made  ootisider- 
able  progress  in  popular  favor  in  the  last  fe^^years, 
and  quite  a  number  of  people  assemble  there 
during  the  watering  season. 

The  waters  are  decidedly  sulphurous,  and  have 
been  found  useful  in  dyspeptic  depravities,  and 
the  various  chronic  derangements  of  the  chylo- 
poetic  viscera.  Their  earliest  reputation^  which 
'  has  been  well  maintained,  was  in  the  cure  of 
rheumatism.  For  all  chronic  diseases  of  the  skin, 
especially  for  aaU  rJieum,  herpes  and  tetters  they 
will  be  found  efficacious;  for  chronic  forms  of 
liver  disease  they  are  well  adapted : — and  I  am 
informed  by  highly  respectable  medical  assurances, 
that  they  have  displayed  the  happiest  effects  in 
numerous  cases  of  amenorrhea,  and  in  chlorotic 
conditions  of  the  female  system. 

There  is,  quite  near  the  Sulphur  Spring,  a  good 
chalybeate,  which  may  be  used  to  advantage  in 
many  cases ; — and  in  nervous  affections,  and  female 
diseases,  it  will  be  beneficial  to  drink  itbioderately , 
in  connection  with  the  Sulphur  water. 

The  Grayson  waters  have  been  analyzed  by  Pro- 
lessor  Rogers.  He  shows  that  in  a  given  quantity 
of  their  solid  contents,  there  are  £oand — 


■| 


_^ 


862 


MINERAL  WATBBS  OF  TIRaiNIA. 


Sods .4  gmiiu. 

Oubonate  magneaia S  " 

Carbonate  lime .' 8  " 

Sulphate  lime 2  " 

Bolphate  magneds 8  " 

Obloride  Bodium 2  " 

Chloride  calcium 8  " 

Chloride  magnesium If  " 

Sulphate  soda 4^  " 

Sulphuretted  hydrogen  and  carbonio  acid  abound 
in  the  water. 

Dr.  B.  Crocket,  of  Wy tbeville,  in  a  lettter  to  the 
author,  speaks  favorably,  from  his  own  experience, 
of  the  use  of  these  waters  in  diseases  of  the  abdo- 
minal viscera  generally,  but  especially,  in  that 
form  ofdyspt^ma  depending  upon  primary  gastric 
irritation,  in  amenorrhoea  and  chlorotis,  in  irrita- 
tions of  the  bladder,  and  in  the  milder  forms  of 
skin  diseases.  . 

A  turnpike-road  connects  these  springs  with 
the  railroad  at  Wytheville. 


HOLSTON  SPBmOS. 

Thb  Hoiaton  8pring$  are  in  the  County  of  Scott, 
in  the  extr^e  southwestern  angle  of  the  State, 
near  the  Tennessee  line,  forty  miles  from  Abing- 
ton,  five  north  of  Kingsport,  and  thirty  miles  east 
of  Bogersville,  Tennessee.  They  are  ')n  the  bank 
of  the  North  fork  of  the  Holston  Biver,  in  a  wild 
and  romantic  region  of  country,  affording  choice 


groini. 


1  abound 

;er  to  the 
)erieDce, 
be  abdo- 
in  that 
r  gastric 
a  irrita- 
forms  of 

gs  with 


)f  Scott, 
e  State, 
Abing- 
iles  east 
he  bank 
1  a  wild 
:  choice 


HOUSIONr   SPRINOS. 


363 


facilities  to  the  sportsman  in  the  recreation  of 
hunting  or  fishing. 

One  of  these  springs  conies  within  the  thermal 
range,  being  68-5°  Fah.,  or  about  fifteen  degrees 
higher  than  the  common  springs  of  the  surround- 
ing country.  Of  the  saline  contents  of  the  water, 
the  most  abundant  are  sulphates  of  lime  and 
magnesia,  and  the  carbonate  of  lime,  chloride  of 
sodium,  muriate  of  alumina,  sulphate  of  soda, 
phosphate  and  sulphate  of  alumina,  are  found  in 
smaller  proportions.  It  is  represented  to  be 
actively  diuretic,  and  under  favorable  circum- 
stances, determining  to  the  skin  by  mild  dia- 
phoresis ;  with  many  it  is  mildly  purgative.  Drs. 
Clapp,  Trigg  and  Preston,  respectable  physicians 
of  Abington,  speak  favorably  of  its  use  in  diseases 
which  have  their  origin  in  the  disordered  state  of 
the  digestive  organs ;  in  rheumatism,  mercurial 
diseases,  and  scrofula,  as  well  as  in  diseases  of  the 
skin,  affections  of  the  Urinary  organs,  and  in 
some  of  the  diseases  of  females. 

With  proper  cautions,  the  bath  here  will  be 
found  beneficial  in  many  cases  in  which  tepid 
baths  are  usually  employed. 

The  water  of  the  Holston  Springs  was  analyzed 
in  1842,  by  Professor  Hayden,  who  reports  that 
he  found  one  wine  gallon  of  the  water  to  contain 
41*14  grains  of  saline  matter,  consisting  of — 


J 


80* 


'Tiwitwiwrifflrp'-f  liiii  ir  inwittilMiinL 


iin  ■irnni>iii^iir''iiigiitillithiMail- aia-* 


8Si  MINBBAI.  WATBBS  OJ-  VntCfUdA. 

Cblorlds  of  aodium  aod  muriate  of  ommonia 1-51  gning. 

Sulphate  of  soda a  trace. 

Sulphate  of  magnesia 12-75      «« 

Fhoqthate  and  sulphate  of  alumina a  trace. 

Oubonate  of  Ume 6-43      •< 

Sulphate  of  lime ^o*46      " 

4114      " 


CHAPTER  XXIII. 

timfu4er  WhiU  Su^tlMr  Springt— Buffalo  Spring*— Ht^fumot 
Gprinfi»—IfeiB  London  Alum  Springs. 

FAUQUIER  WHITE  SULPHUR 

Thb  Fauquier  White  Sulphur  Springs  are  situa- 
ted in  the  County  of  Fauquier,  fifty-six  miles 
from  Washington,  and  ahout  forty  from  Freder- 
icksburg. 

The  medical  quality  of  the  sulphur  springs  at 
this  place  were  known  and  highly  appreciated 
long  before  they  were  opened  to  the  public.  While 
the  virtues  of  the  waters  remained  in  comparative 
obscurity,  the  resort  of  those  living  in  the  neigh- 
borbood  caused  sufch  an  interruption  to  the  farming 
operations  of  the  proprietor,  as  induced  :  im, 
after  every  other  endeavor  to  keep  out  crowds  of 
visitors  had  failed,  to  /K  up  the  spring. 


VAUQUIER   WHITE  StLPtrtJR. 


365 


i 

.1 


~Huffumot 


re  situa- 
X  miles 
Freder- 

rings  at 
reciatcd 
While 
larative 
)  neigh- 
rartning 
i  : -m, 
)wds  of 


But  so  clearly  had  its  virtues  been  established 
by  the  comparatively  partial  trial  of  its  virtues^ 
that  the  estate  was  purchased  by  another  party, 
with  the  view  of  makiug  it  a  place  of  public  resort. 

According  to  analysis,  which,  however,  is  re- 
garded as  very  imperfect,  the  water  is  impregnated 
with  sidphate  of  magnesia,  phosphaie  of  soda,  and 
sulphuretted  hydrogen.  Its  temperature  is  56° 
Fahrenheit,  10^°  Baumer.  It  has  a  strong 
sulphuric  smell,  and  the  taste  being  not  unlike 
the  odor  arising  from  the  yolk  of  a  hard-boiled  egg, 
is  not,  perhaps,  at  first  very  agreeable  to  the  palate 
of  a  gourmand.  It  operates  purgatively  and  diu- 
retically ;  the  cuticular  pores  being  opened  and 
perspiration,  especially  if  the  weather  be  warm, 
flows  easily  and  copiously. 

The  waters  of  Fauquier  are  not  as  strong  as  the 
sulphur  waters  of  Greenbrier  and  Monroe,  and 
consequently  will  not  act  so  soon  or  so  powerfully 
on  the  system  as  the  latter.  But  they  have  been 
in  deservedly  high  repute  as  an  alterative,  and 
the  very  gradual  way  in  which  they  affect  the 
system,  givrs  them  a  preference  to  stronger  waters 
in  some  cases. 

The;,'  are  thought  to  be  valuable,  particularly 
in  oertain  dyspeptic  depravities,  and  in-dropsical 
afiisctions. 

The  Hon.  B.  Watkins  Leigh,  late  United  States 
Senator  from  Virginia,  was  cured  of  a  dropsy  by 
the  use  of  these  waters  in  1833,  after  having 


:j 


866 


UINEBAL  WATBBS  Of  TntOINIA. 


under^  one  the  operation  of  paraeenteaia  for  the 
disease. 

This  property  was  beautifully  and  extensively 
improved  before  the  war,  and  had  for  many  years 
been  a  place  of  large  and  fashionable  resort. 

During  the  war,  pretty  much  all  the  buildings 
were  burned,  but  doubtless  arrangements  will  ere 
long  be  made  by  which  this  heretofore  delightful 
place  will  be  put  in  a  condition  to  meet  the  wants 
of  the  spring-going  public. 


BUFFALO   SPRINOS. 

The  Biifah  Springs  are  situated  in  the  County 
of  Mecklenburg,  a  few  miles  south  of  Dan  River, 
and  seven  West  of  the  town  of  Clarksville. 

They  were  ^no^n  as  mineral  waters  probably 
as  early  as  the  beginning  of  the  present  century, 
and  were  resorted  to  by  the  people  of  the  neigh- 
borhood as  a  remedy  in  cutaneous  diseases,  chronic 
ulcers,  etc.,  etc.  Some  forty  or  fifty  years  ago, 
several  of  the  neighboring  planters,  on  the  Dan 
and  Staunton  Bivers,  ereoted  caMns  near  the 
springs,  and  occupied  them  during  the  summer 
months.  They  did  not,  however,  become  a  place 
for  the  resort  of  invalids  until  about  the  year 
1835.* 

These  springs  are  conveniently  apj^roachcd  from 

*Dr,  S.  H.  Harris's  Pamphlet,  poblished  in  1800. 


VW-«^^ii^i''''^-^f^' ' 


■^ 


8  for  the 

:ten8iyel7 
»ny  years 
)rt. 

buildings 
i  will  ere 
elightful 
he  wants 


B  County 
n  Biver, 
>. 

probably 
century, 
e  neigh- 
,  chronic 
ars  ago, 
the  Dan 
tear  the 
summer 
a  place 
he  year 


icd  from 


BUFFALO  SPBIHaa. 


357 


different  directions.  Their  distance  from  Bich- 
mond  is  one  hundred  and  forty-four  miles,  and 
from  Petersburg  one  hundred  and  twenty-four, 
all  the  way  by  railroad,  with  the  exception  of 
seven  miles  staging. 

The  analyaia  of  this  water  shows  it  to  be  a  sul- 
phated  chalybeate.  Its  temperature,  as  it  flows 
from  the  earth,  is  60°  Fah.  Its  specific  gravity 
is  1-058. 

The  solid  contents  obtained  by  evaporating  one 
wine  gallon  of  the  water,  is  found  to  consist  of — 

Bnlpbate  of  magnesia ^ '  8       graina. 

Sulphate  of  lime 8*5  " 

Sulphate  of  protoxide  of  iron. 2-6  *' 

Chloride  of  aodium atrace. 

Chloride  of  magneriom. .'... ...a trace. 

Sulphate  of  soda >•"• •••  1*8 

Sulphuretted  hydrogen  jpw 0-54060    " 

^  ■<»        I   ■■l■l^ 

Total  of  solid  and  gaseous  oontents....l5-94080     " 

Dr.  Harris,  whose  eminence  in  his  profession, 
and  long  familiarity  with  the  use  of  the  Buffalo 
waters,  entitle  his  opinions  on  this  subject  to  the 
utmost  respect,  thus  speaks  of  their  therapeutic 
effects  on  the  system  : 

"The  first  effects  produced  by  drinking  the 
water  is  a  flushed  face,  a  quickened  pulse,  and 
some  giddiness  of  the  head.  These  symptoms 
soon  pass  off,  however,  and  are  followed  by  an 
increase  of  appetite,  a  healthful  glow  on  the  surface. 


,1 
• 


I 


•"ij? 


'vritlir  TM  iinniiiiiri»'rii'<tnriiii 


iiiiiiimiiiWilffiirfit 


S68 


MINSKAI.  WAiraS  Of  VIKOIVIA. 


with  more  or  leu  perspiration,  and  a  pleasing  con- 
■oiottSBess  of  new  life  and  vigor  infused  into  every 
organ  of  the  body.  Very  active,  and  sometimes 
incipient  diureeis  vnpervenes,  and  continues  as 
long  as  the  water  is  used.  Occasionally,  some 
slight  purging  takes  place  for  the  first  day  or  two, 
but  unless  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  bowels 
was  previously  inflamed,  or  very  irritable,  the 
protracted  use  of  the  water  is  attended  with  con- 
stipation. 

"The  water  is  decidedly  stimulant,  and,  of 
course,  contra-indicated  in  all  diseases  of  an  acute 
inflammatory  character ;  as,  likewise,  in  all  cases  of 
hesmorrhageof  the  lungs,  or  acute  diseases  of  the 
bronchial  tubes.  As  a  mere  tonic,  however,  it  is 
not  wholly  inadmissiUe  in  chronic  affections  of  the 
chest ;  but  should  never  be  resorted  to  without 
satisfactory  evidence  of  the  absence  of  tuberculous 
diseases  of  thai  cavity.  Its  stimulating  effects, 
added  to  the  pre-existing  excitement  in  this  Jimited 
class  of  diseases,  constitutes  *  the  head  and  front 
of  its  offending.'  " 

"A  practice,"  continues  Dr.  H.,  "  of  more  than 
twenty  years  in  the  immediate  neighborhood  of 
this  spring,  has  afforded  opportunities  of  testing 
the  efficacy  of  the  water  in  a  great  variety  of 
oases.  As  a  tonic,  diuretic,  sudorific  and  emmena- 
gogue,  it  has  been  prescribed  and  freely  used  in 
every  conceivable  species  of  malady,  in  which 
medioines  belonging  to  these  several  classes,  were 


»■  irr  I  imMiiHiiiiiig^^ 


L 


BUVf  ALO  SnUKGHI. 


359 


ofliDg  con- 
into  every 
sometimee 
itinues  as 
lly,  some 
ay  or  two, 
he  bowels 
Able,  the 
with  cono 

,  and,  of 
'  an  acute 
til  oaies  of 
ses  of  the 
)yer,  it  is 
ons  of  the 
0  without 
beronlous 
g  effects, 
is  limited 
and  front 

tore  than 
>rhood  of 
)f  testing 
ariety  of 
emmena- 
r  used  in 
in  which 
sses.were 


supposed  to  be  indicated.  And,  although  not 
always  with  the  complete  success  desired,  yet 
rarely  erer  without  amendment,  or  some  amelio- 
ration in  the  general  health  of  the  patient,  except 
in  the  cases  already  specified. 

"  The  principal  morbid  states  to  which  it  seems 
to  be  well  adapted,  are  dropsical  affections,  visceral 
obstructions,  protracted  intermittent  and  remittent 
fevers,  chronic  diseases  of  the  skin,  dyspepsia, 
convalescence  from  fevers  of  every  grade  and  type, 
female  complaints,  and  almost  every  disease  of  the 
pelvic  organs  in  both  sexes." 

The  happy  blending  of  fontc  and  alterative 
powers  in  these  waters,  constitute  them  a  valuable 
remedy  in  a  comprehensive  class  of  cases  in  which 
these  two  important  influiences  are  denranded  for 
the  restoration  of  health. 

In  the  sallow  or  jaundiced  condition  of  the  skin, 
common  to  denizens  of  warm  miasmatic  districts, 
and  always  connected  with  hepatic  derangements 
of  some  sort,  these  waters  will  be  used  with  excel- 
lent success.  In  the  milder  obstructions  of  the 
liver,  spleen  and  kidneys,  as  well  as  in  obstructions 
in  the  lesser  glands  of  the  system,  and  in  paucity 
or  poverty  of  the  blood,  their  employment  will  be 
Taluable.  We  should  look  also  for  highly  bene- 
ficial results  from  the  judicious  use  of  the  waters 
in  ohronio  irritation  of  the  mucous  coat  of  the 
bowels,  bladder  or  urethra,  as  well  as  in  that 
wretched  form  of  disease  technically  known  as 


1 


'I 


•*' 


J 


860 


MIWHRAL  WATBB8  OF  VIROIKIA. 


VermoK^hcea,  a  legitimate  and  not  unfrequent 

result  of  youthful  improprieties. 
In  certain  forms  of  female  affections,  particularly 

in  amen:  irhcea,  dismenorrhoea,  chlorosis  or  leucor- 

rbcea,  where  no  condition  of  the  general  system 

contra-indicates  their  use,  .they  will,  doubtless. 

be  eminently  serviceable. 
In  directing  as  to  the  manner  of  using  the 

waters,  Dr.  Harris  very  properly  condemns  the 
over-doses  of  it  but  too  frequently  indulged  in. 
He  thinks,  that  three  or  four  glasses  before  break- 
fast, and  the  same  number  before  dinner,  with  an 
occasional  glass  in  the  evening,  are  altogether 
sufficient  and  remarks  that  a  larger  quantity  than 
this  produces  an  over-distension  of  the  stomach, 
and  sometimes  an  almost  incessant  micturition. 
In  chronic  diarrhaa,  it  will  only  be  borne  in  very 
smaiUnd  oft-repeated  doses,  and  the  same  remark 
will  be  found  true  in  all  cases  attended  with  irrita- 
bility of  the  alimentary  canal. 


W 


HUGUENOT  SPRINGS. 

This  watering  place  is  in  Powhatan  County, 
about  seventeen  miles  above  Richmond.  It  is 
situated  near  the  centre  of  a  tract  of  land  granted 
by  the  British  Crown  to  a  body  of  Protestant 
refugees  driven  from  France  by  the  repeal  of  the 
edict  of  Nantes,  in  1686. 


'■•■' ""'    ''•'-  ■- "•"iiTirii^fii 


infrequent 

Eirticularly 
I  or leucor- 
ral  systom 
doubtless, 

using  the 
emns  the 
iulged  in. 
ore  break- 
■,  with  an 
iltogether 
ntity  than 
stomach, 
cturition. 
te  in  very 
e  remark 
th  irrita- 


Coanty, 
d.  It  is 
i  granted 
rptestant 
il  of  the 


mm  LONDON  ALUM  SPRIKCM. 


861 


There  are  two  springs  here,  one  mildly  tul- 
phurout,  the  other  chalybeate.  The  first  was 
analysed  by  Professor  Sogers,  who  ascertained 
that  it  contained  the  ingredients  usually  found  in 
the  sulphur  waters  of  the  country,  but  in  small 
proportions.  The  other  spring  was  analyzed  by 
Professor  Maupin,  who  pronounced  it  a  mild  and 
pure  chalybeate. 

In  addition  to  these  medicated  springs,  there  is  a 
weU  from  which  is  obtained  a  water  strongly 
tinctured  both  with  sulphur  and  iron.  This  is 
used,  not  or  for  drinking,  but  for  bathing,  its 
medicinal  ^ierties  ■  when  thus  employed  being 
considered  valuable. 

The  situation  of  the  Huguenot  Springs  is  cheer- 
Ail,  and  more  than  ordinarily  striking.  Its 
improvements  are  comfortable,  and,  altogether,  it 
affords  a  very  agreeable  and  healthful  summer 
retreat  for  the  habitneg  of  the  neighboring  cities  of 
Richmond  and  Petersburg, — and  for  the  society- 
seeking  part  of  the  community  of  the  surrounding 
country. 

TXJSW  LONDON  ALUM  SPRINO. 

For  a  nutaber  of  years  it  has  been  known  that 
alum  is  a  constituent  part  of  a  rock  that  is  found 
in  large  masses  near  the  town  of  New  London,  in 
the  County  of  Campbell,  ten  miles  southwest  of 
Lynchburg.  An  excavation  made  several  years 
ago  into  the  ground,  penetrating. this  rock,  but 
81 


; 


MHiNNi 


fut^ttmtamiiiiimm 


m»i 


^^'»^aiAa,t^(;!Wi.  .«r*n 


862 


MiiriEAi  WATus  or  TiRaiiru. 


with  no  Tiow  of  obtaining  ftlum  water,  the  rirtaes 
of  which  were  not  then  appreciated,  has,  from  the 
percolation  of  the  water  through  the  layers  of 
rook,  afforded  an  alum  of  sufficient  purity  to  be 
used  by  the  good  housewires  of  t&e  vicinity  for 
''setting  their  dyes." 

The  medical  reputation  acquired  witbh  Ii  j  Us' 
few  years  by  the  alum  waters  of  Boci/.tclge, 
induced  the  proprietor  of  this  rook,  P.  Echol«, 
Esq.,  to  sink  a  shaft  or  well  into  it,  with  the  hope 
of  obtaining  alum  water  in  sufficient  quantity  to 
be  used  for  medicinal  purposes.  His  enterprise 
has  been  crowned  with  entire  Buroess.  On  pene- 
trating the  rock  to  the  depth  of  sixteen  feet,  he 
came  to  soTeral  seaps  or  percolatione  of  water, 
furnishing  a  sufficient  amount  to  indua^  him  to 
suspend  further  operations  and  to  cut  an  .utrance 
into  the  bas^n,  or  spring,  after  the  mauaer  of 
ancient  wells,  and  of  sufficient  sise  to  admit 
of  easy  ingress  and  egress  to  and  from  the 
fountain. 

This  water  has  been  much  used  since  its  dis- 
covery, for  various  diseases,  and  as  popular  fame 
alleges,  and  as  several  sensible  and'  judicious 
persons  in  the  neighborhood  have  assured  me, 
with  very  great  advantage. 

Three  or  four  glasses  a  day,  will  operate  gently 
upon  the  howfiU  of  some  persons;  it  very  decidedly 
promotes  the  secretion  of  the  hidneyt;  but  its 
leading  operation  is  that  of  a  generous  tow  and 


iiitntowni; 


^ 


the  Tirtues 
ii  from  the 
I  layers  of 
rity  to  be 
ioinity  for 

ool'fjiiijge, 
?.  EoholM, 
\k  the  hope 
iMBtity  to 
enterpriie 
On  pene- 
n  feet,  he 
of  water, 
w  him  to 
i  <'U  trance 
ttttuaer  of 
to  admit 
from   the 

B  ita  dis- 
ilar  fame 
judiciouB 
ured  me, 


te  gently 
decidedly 
;  hot  its 
tonio  and 


MMtalAI 


J 


r 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


ill.0    ^^Ki 

■^  IM   122 

■IMU 

L25  iU  iid 


1141 


Photographic 

Sdsices 

Corporadon 


as  WIST  MAIN  STIHT 

MIUTIR,N.Y.  145M 

(7U)t73-4S03 


«!' 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historicai  IVIicroraproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microraproductions  historiquas 


r 


itti^MiiitiiiiiiiiM.- 


raw  LONDON  ALUM  8PBINGS.  363 

astringent   to   the  animal  fibre,  increasing  the  • 
appetite  and  strengthening  the  general  system. 

It  is  a  water  that  is  attracting  public  attention, 
and  now  occupies  a  favorable  position  among 
waters  of  its  class. 

It  has  been  analyzed  by  Professor  Gilham  with 
the  following  results  :—  . 

"A  gallon  of  water  furnished  the  following 
mineral  constituents: — 

Salpharic  iicid...~ •••• „......>— •••"•o^iKn  gnuu. 

Protoxide  of  iron • "^     .. 

AlumiiuL *^"* 

^^- i^  r. 

If  we  suppose,  which  is  ttie  most  probable  sup- 
position, thftt  the  sulphuric  acid  forms  simple 
combinations  with  the  above  bases,  in  the  propor- 
tions of  one  atom,  or  equivalent,  of  acid,  to  one 
atom,  or  equivalent,  of  bftse,  we  shall  have  the 
various  salts  of  the  acid  in  the  following  propor- 
tions:— 

Snlpluite  of  mi«nMia. 1«H»4  g«lM  to  the  g«L 

"        prat  <rf  lioii......".88*4B6 

u        aliimiiuL •  7*240 

"        Ubw. „»,......18'67S 

■*        potatM...'. 10*160 

And,  to  •ddWon,  we  h»Te  of  A«  or  imcomWned  mlpliurlc 
add,  10-078  gniiu. 


864 


MIKBRAL  WATBB8  OF  TIBOINIA. 


This  analysis  of  Professor  Gilham  will  give  con- 
fidence as  to  the  componeixt  parts  of  this  water, 
while  it  indicates,  as  far  as  can  be  done  by 
chemistry,  its  appropriate  medicinal  adaptations. 
Suggesting  now,  as  heretofore,  when  treating  of 
the  analysis  of  other  waters  in  connection  with 
their  medicinal  use,  the  uncertainty  of  any 
analysis  as  a  basis  for  the  administration  of 
mineral  waters,  I  remark,  that  we  have  a  new  and 
valuable  light  in  this  particular  case,  not  always 
accessible  to  new  and  untried  waters.  Between 
the  analysis  of  this  water,  and  the  alum  waters  of 
Bath  and  Bockbridge,  whose  reputation  and 
.adaptations  are  now  pretty  well  established, 
there  is  a  similarity  in' several  respects,  so  striking 
|as  to  induce  the  belief  that  they  are  suited  to  the 
I  same  general  range  of  disease. 

The   intelligent  physician,  at  all   acquainted 

|with  the  peculiar  action  of  the  alum  waters,  and 

pooking  to  the  leading  indications  afforded  by  the 

fanalysu  of  this,  will  not  fail  to  perceive  that  it  is 

piointed  out  as  a  valuable  remedy  in  a  large  circle 

lof  cases  that  require  an  alterative  totUctreatment, 

Tt  will  be  found  valuable  in  the  various  forms  of 

Walt  Mkeum,  as  sudi  waters  invariably  are  ;  while 

its  good  effects  in  CMoroaia,  and  other  female 

ftffections,  unattended  with  febrile  action,  may 

looked  to,  we  would  think,  with  decided  confi- 

Idenoe. 

In  anmmio,  and  other  conditions  of  the  system 


i6.ViW»i'inj>i'WirirlriM  ftHilrl 


'  iiiiiiiirn'iilriiaiiiifiir-tri 


iriT  Vi  fnUfcliMMiiijUM 


TrraiBB' 


A. 

xrillgiveoon- 
'  this  water, 
be  done  by 
adaptations, 
a  treating  of 
lection  with 
nty  of  any 
listration  of 
ve  a  new  and 
not  always 
8.  Between 
am  waters  of 
itation  and 
established, 
s,  so  striking 
uited  to  the 

acquainted 
waters,  and 
trded  by  the 
ve  that  it  is 
large  circle 
tc  treatment. 
ous  forms  of 

are ;  while 
ther  female 
iction,  may 
loided  confi- 

the  system 


SPBINOS  OV  KSNTUOKT. 


demanding  the  use  of  t(Aic  remedies,  this  water 
may  be  used  with  excellent  effect.  In  cutaneous 
and  ulcerative  affections,  in  primary  nervous 
diseases,  in  profluvia,  and  passive  haemorrhages, 
it  will  be  found  well  adapted. 


CHAPTER  XXIV. 

SPRINGS  OF  KENTUCKY. 
marrodtburff—Boaimttr--Olifn^n--Blae  UOcr-BML. 

m 

HARRODfiBUBa  SpMNGB.*— Thcso  Springs  are  situ- 
ated near  the  source  of  Salt  Biver,  and  in  the 
immediate  suburbs  of  the  town  of  Harrodsburg. 
They  have  been  extensively  and  handsomely 
improved,  e^d  in  the  language  of  Dr.  Drake,  will 
in  this  respect,  "compare  advantageously  with 
any  to  be  found  in  America  or  Europe." 

Dr.  Raymond's  analysis  shows,  that  one  fiid  at 
the  water  of  the  Gbshvilui  Spring,  contains — 


*To  Dr.  Dnke,  who  ww  one  of  the  brighteit  phUoeoidiical 
lights  of  the  proHaeBion  hi  America,  we  an  princ^fMlly  bidebted 
for  onr  knowledge  of  the  Springs  of  Kentncky. 
81* 


'^*9(P» 


366 


8PRINCN9  OF  XBNTDOKT. 


I 


if^ 


I 


i: 


Carbonate  of  magnesia.. 2*87  gnina. 

Bi-carbonate  (rf  Ume * OM     " 

Bolphate  of  magneeia(ci7ataUised) 10*16     " 

Bnlpbate  of  lime  (ayatallized) ll'O0     " 

Oliliiiride  of  sodiom a  trace 

80-iMI     " 

One  pint  of  the  Saloon  or  Chalybeatb  Spring, 
contains — 

Bi-carbonate  of  magnesia 0*48  grains. 

Bi-carbonate  of  lime 481     " 

Bi-oarbonate  of  inm » ~ 0-60     " 

Sulphate  of  magnesia  (crystalliced). 271>2     " 

Bolpbate  of  lime  (crystallized) 10-34     " 

Chloride  of  sodium... ...«» ~ l'S4     " 

44-60     " 

Br.  Baymond  could  not  detect  either  free  car- 
bonic acid  or  sulphuretted  hydrogen  gas. 

The  water  of  the  Grenville  Spring  is  the  better 
antacid — ^that  of  Saloon,  the  better  tonic.  Indeed, 
small  as  the  quantity  of  iron  is,  it  sometimes 
produces  an  uncomfortable  feeling  in  the  head, 
which  is  relieved  by  drinking  at  the  other  fountain. 
In  reference  to  the  excreiiona,  the  water  from  both 
acts  upon  the  bowels,  kidneys,  and  skin.  Beyond 
these  sensible  effects,  it  pervades  the  whole  con- 
stitution, and  many  classes  of  invalids  veiy  soon 
feel  a  renovation  of  appetite,  strength,  and  cheer- 
fulness, although  its  primary  effects  seem  to  be 
sedative,  not  stimulant. 


ii«l'>MtiiiTtiilv'Ti|i'lliriiliW'll>-|irl'ilf'ittl>iirillllfi 


''^'"Y'i'i(iii''hh  Y'^'^'l^nirTiftritfi^  ni'aift-rrfiirtnfciiiiitfi^V^r^^ 


ROOHBSXBR    BPBIKO. 


367 


2'87  gniiu. 
OM     " 
616     " 
106     " 
trace 

KH»     " 
lEATB  SpRINO, 


0*48  gniiu. 
4.81      " 
0-50     " 

i7-«a    «' 

10-24     " 
1-94     " 

14^     " 

her  free  car- 

is  the  better 
aic.  Indeed, 
it  sometimes 
in  the  head, 
ther  fountain, 
^r  from  both 
kin.  Beyond 
B  whole  con- 
ds  yeiy  soon 
h,  and  cheer- 
8  seem  to  be 


Dr.   Drake  remarks,  that  "these  waters  are 
very   beneficial    in    chronic    yjflammations  and 
obstructions  of  th«  abdominal  viscera;  in  such 
cases  of  dyspepsia  as  are  attended  with  subacute 
gastritis;  and  in  almost  every  kind  of  hepatic 
disorder,  except  when  the  liver  is  indurated,  and 
consequently,  incurable.    They  are  almost  equally 
beneficial  in  chronic  inflammations  of  many  other 
parts  of  the  system — especially  of  the  serous  and 
fibrous  membranes.    In  tonic  dropsies,  in  rheu- 
matism, and  in  various  affections  of  the  periosteum 
from  febrile  metastasis,  from  syphilis,  and  from 
mercury,  they  have  often  effected  a  cure,  when 
other  means  had  failed."    He  also  speaks  very 
favorably  of  their  employment  in  urinary  dis- 
orders, and  chronic  diseases  of   the   skin.    He 
enjoins  caution  in  their  use  in  pulmonary  com- 
plaints, and  considers  them  hurtful  in  vomica, 
tubercular  suppurations,  and  hepatization  of  the 
pulmonary  tissue. 

BooHBBTBR  Spkiko,  according  to  Dr.  Drake,  ii 
a  feeble  but  constant  stream,  that  bursts  out 
about  sixty  feet  below  the  summit  of  a  ridge  of 
coarse-grained,  shell'  limestone.  It  so  neariy 
resembles  the  waters  just  described,  that  a 
detailed  account  of  its  waters  would  be  superfluous. 
It  is  one  mile  from  Perry ville  and  twelve  from 
Harrodsburg. 


.m 


IliWIIirlMl  ltei<li»r  lllMIWiliMtmr 


i' 


f- 


368 


SFKiNos  or  KmmroKT. 


The  Oltmpux  Spmkos  constitute  one  of  the 
oldest  and  most  aoted  watering  places  in  Ken- 
tucky. They  are  situated  in  Bath  County,  about 
fifty  miles  east  of  Lexington,  on  the  waters  of 
Licking  River,  which  unites  with  the  Ohio,  oppo- 
site Cincinnati. 

There  are  several  springs  and  wells,  which 
present  such  differences  in  their  composition,  that 
of  all  the  watering  places  o£  the  West,  this  -has 
been  supposed  to  afford  ths  greatest  variety  ;  but 
Dr.  Drake  remarks :  "I  could  not  myself  detect 
more  than  three  kinds— a  /8W«  and  Shd^ur,  a 
White  Svlphurf  and  a  Chalybeate. 

"The Salt  ato  Suiphub  Wkll  contains  sulphu- 
retted hydrogen,  muriate  of  soda,  carbonate  of 
soda,  and  perhaps  a  little  muriate  of  lime. 

"Thb  Whim  Sulphub  Spunro  is  situated  half  a 
mile  from  the  well.  This  spring  is.  said  to  hare 
made  its  first  appearance  during  the  earthquakes 
of  1811.  Its  temperature  is  69°.  Its  composition 
is  essentially  the  same  with  that  of  the  well  just 
described,  but  the  ingredients  of  the  two  vary  in 
their  proportions.  The  quantity  of  sulphur  is 
greater  in  the  spring  than  in  the  well ;  on  the 
otl^er  hand,  the  spring  has  but  a  weak  impregna- 
tion of  muriate  of  soda  compared  with  the  well. 
The  proportion  of  carbonate  of  soda  is  nearly  the 
same  in  both. 


itiHMfiftn»iiWMmi*r 


e  one  of  the 
laces  in  Ken- 
Dounty,  about 
the  waters  of 
e  Ohio,  oppo- 

wells,  which 
position,  that 
rest,  this  'has 
variety ;  but 
myself  detect 
i  iS^pAur,  a 


tains  sulphn- 
oarbonate  of 
'  lime. 

tuated  half  a 
said  to  hare 
earthquakes 
I  composition 
)he  well  just 
two  vary  in 
'  sulphur  is 
veil;  en  the 
k  tmpregna- 
th  the  well; 
s  nearly  the 


BLOB  LICK  SPMNOS. 


"The  Chaltbbatk  Sprimos  are  two  in  number, 
and  are  situated  about  forty  yafds  apart,  and  half 
a  mile  from  the  Salt  and  Sulphur  Wei).  They  are 
simple  carbonated  iron  waters." 

The  Salt  and  Sulphur  waters,  Dr.  Drake  informs 
us,  are  principally  drunk  ;  of  these,  from  one  to 
eight  tumblers  are  taken  in  the  morning.  Its 
diuretic  effects  are  prompt,  its  action  upon  the 
bowels  very  inconsiderable. 

Blub  Lick  Spbincns. — At  this  place,  Dr.  Drake 
tells  us,  there  are  several  springs,  all  essentially 
of  one  kind — ^the  Stdphuroua  Saline.  They  are 
situated  on  the  bank  of  Licking  River,  twenty- 
four  miles  from  the  Ohio,  and  on  the  main  road 
that  leads  from  Maysville  to  Lexington.  From 
the  early  settlement  of  the  State  until  within 
the  last  eighteen  years,  salt  was  manufactured 
at  this  place. 

The  analysis  of  the  Blue  Lick  Waters  b> 
Professor  Peter*  shows  that  its  gaseous  contents 
consist  of  sulph.  hydrogen  and  carbonic  acid; 
and  its  solid  contents,  of  the  carbonates  of  lime 
and  magnesia,  the  chlorides  of  potassium,  sodium 
and  magnesia,  the  sulphate  of  lime,  and  .potash) 
bromide  of  magnesium,  iodide  of  magnesium, 
silicic  aicid,  with  a  small  amount  of  alumira, 
phosphate  of  lime,  and  oxide  of  iron. 

*  Mineral  and  Thermal  Sprbigs,  by  Dr.  Jobn  BelL 


'% 


370 


BPUHCM  or  KBfT0CKT. 


The  solid  oontentf  of  the  Blue  Lick  water  are  to 
those  of  the  White  Sulphur,  as  rather  more  than 
nine  to  two.  In  the  former  are  sixty-four  grains 
of  chlofide  of  sodium,  or  common  salt,  to  the 
pint;  in  the  latter,  hut  a  small  fraction.  The 
first  contains  about  three  and  a  half  grains  of 
sulphate  of  lime,  the  second  about  ten  grains. 
The  White  Sulphur  holds  in  solution,  however, 
sulphates  of  magnesia  and.  soda,  both  of  which 
are  wanting  in  the  Blue  Lick ;  while  in  its  turn 
the  latter  has  chloride  of  potassium,  and  sulphate 
of  potash  and  bromide  of  magnesium,  which  are 
not  in  the  former.  The  quantity  of  sulph.  hydro- 
gen in  the  Blue  Lick  is  double  that  in  the  White 
Sulphur.    Iodide  of  magnesium  is  found  in  both. 

The  medical  virtues  of  the  Blue  Lick  water  are 
those  of  a  $aline  gulphur,  and  are  analogous  to, 
but  more  active  than,  the  Olympian  Spring 
water.  It  acts  freely  as  a  diuretic ;  but  only 
occasionally  as  a  purgative.  It  may  be  used  with 
advantage  in  nearly  all  the  chronic  diseases  in 
which  the  sulphur  waters  already  described  have 
been  recommended.  The  water  employed  as  a 
bath,  can  be  very  properly  connected  with  its 
internal  use. 

Jlsnu.  SPBiircM,  in  Estill  County,  are  sulphurous 
waters.  There  are  two  springs  here,  called 
White  and  Bed  Sulphur. 

The  White  Sulphur  contains  0*09  per  cent,  of 


l*-^,..^..!^.^^,,  .. ^-..i.-...-.^^^^  ^ 


M  iriwiif^'j  I  ■tetairnh.iMiBiiaiaaiiiatii  liit, 


c  water  are  to 
Br  more  than 
y-four  grains 
salt,  to  the 
■action.  The 
alf  grains  of 
b  ten  grains, 
ion,  however, 
>th  of  which 
B  in  its  turn 
and  sulphate 
n,  which  are 
mlph.  hydro- 
n  the  White 
>and  in  both, 
ck  water  are 
analogous  to, 
pian  Spring 
c ;  but  only 
be  used  with 
0  diseases  in 
iscribed  have 
aployed  as  a 
ted  with  its 


'e  sulphurous 
here,   called 

per  cent,  of 


i  I 


TTBSSISW^WfWT 


wm 


MnriiuL  snuKcw  or  ohio. 


Zll 


solid  oontentt— the  Bed,  0*04  per  cent.,  coniisting 
Id  both  CMei  of  carbonates  of  soda,  lime  and 
magnesia ;  sulphates  of  lime,  magnesia  and  soda  ; 
chloride!  of  sodium,  calcium  and  magnesium, 
with  hydro*8ulphate  of  soda,  and  a  trace  of 
carbonate  of  iron. 


.. .  .1 


£.'*• 


f. 


CHAPTER  XXV. 

MINERAL  BPIQN08  OF  OHIO. 

OMo  WkUe  Bvifkwr,  Ut  BUorf,  ImprottmrnU,  do—AntOifm 
MkUeitui  AdaptaUim$,  Se.,  *o-Baltit$  OMgbtaU  Spring-^ 
TtOoto  Bprint—Wutport  Spring. 

OHIO  WHITE  SULPHUR. 

Ohio  Whiti  Sulphub. — Near  the  geographical 
centre  of  Ohio,  in  the  County  of  Delaware,  and 
immediately  on  the  West  bank  of  the  Scioto,  sur- 
rounded by  a  country  broken  >  hilly,  and  beauti-. 
fully  picturesque,  arises  the  Ohio  White  Sulphur. 
The  Scioto  is  here  a  rippling,  rapid  streapi,  hastily 
flowing  and  fretting  over  beds  of  boulder  rooks, 
and  skirted  for  many  miles  above  and  below  the 
spring,  by  slopes  or  banks  of  considerable  eleva^ 


i%'yic^i»*iw*««hi#r 


372 


MINBRAI.  SPRnrOS  OV  OHIO. 


tion,  which  gently  spread  out  into  undnlatory 
table-landg,  charmingly  interspersed  with  valley 
and  hillj  and  blessed  with  an  atmosphere  free 
from  malarious  influences  at  every  period  of  the 
year,  and  as  salubrious  as  is  found  in  our  high 
mountain  ranges. 

Under  the  name  of  BaH's  Spring,  this  place  has 
been  known  for  its  mineral  waters  for  more  than 
twenty  years.  The  circumstance  that  led  to  its 
improvement  as  a  spring  property  by  Mr.  Hart,  its 
former  proprietor,  is  worthy  of  note.  Ho  had 
visited  the  White  Sulphur  Springs  in  Virginia, 
for  tho  relief  of  a  complicated  stomach  and  liver 
complaint ;  returning  to  Ohio  '^ured  of  hi!  disease, 
his  attention  was  called  to  this  Artesian  sulphur 
fountain,  and  upon  examination,  he  found  its 
waters^  so  strikingly  to  resemble  those  of  the 
Virginia  Spring,  as  to  induce  him  to  purchase 
and  improve  it  in  view  of  ite  medicinal  valuoj 

The  property  was  afterwards  purchased  by  Mr. 
A.  Wilson,  of  Cincinnati,  whose  energy,  good 
taste,  and  ample  means,  were  actively  exercised  in 
enlarging  its  accommodations,  and  still  further 
beautifying  the  place,  already,  by  the  bounties  of 
iMture,  rarprisingly  beautiful. 

The  buildings  for  visitors  are  pleasantly  situated 
on  la  beautifiiUy  undulating  plateau,  at  an  eleva- 
tion of  perhaps  one  hundred  and  tw^ty  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  river,  and  ab^ut  «ight 
hundred  feet  distant  from  it.    With  those  now  in 


%i 


^^iWWiwMWMM|MMgi0i| 


■'^"r-'liMintiiliiiiiirilii^-i 


iQpw* 


to  undnlatory 
id  with  valley 
aosphere  free 
period  of  the 
1  in  our  high 

this  place  has 
for  more  than 
bat  led  to  its 
r  Mr.  Hart,  its 
)te.  He  had 
I  in  Virginia, 
Eich  and  liyer 
of  hif  disease, 
}sian  sulphur 
he  found  its 
those  of  the 
I  to  purchase 
lal  valuoj 
based  hj  Mr. 
snergy,  good 
f  exercised  in 
still  further 
e  bounties  of 

wtly  situated 
at  an  eleva- 
tw^ty  feet 
about  -eight 
those  now  in 


OHIO  WHITB  SUIiPHUB. 


873 


progress  to  completion,  the  accommodation  will 
be  ample  and  comfortable  for  six  hundred  persons. 
The  drawing  of  the  grounds,  including  the  various 
improvements  on  the  spring  lawn,  that  accom- 
panies this  article,  renders  a  particular  descrip- 
tion of  them  unnecessary. 

The  good  tastii  and  liberality  of  the  proprietor 
of  this  property  seem  to  be  untiring  in  suggesting 
and  carrying  forward  new  means  of  comfort  and 
amusement  for  his  visitors,  as  well  as  for  their 
more  beneficial  use  of  the  waters.    To  these  ends, 
a  charming  wood  lawn  of  a  hundred  acres,  ad- 
joining the  spring  lawn,  has  been  laid  off  in  walks 
and  catriage-drives,  and  extensive  hathing-lwiuea  ' 
have  been  erected,  furnishing  not  only  warm  and 
hot  tub-baths,  but  also  with  arrangements  for 
employing  doudie  and  aweat  baths :  these  capnot 
fail,  from  the  high  mineral  impregnation  of  the 
water,  to  prove  eminently  valuable  in  a  great 
variety  of  cases. 

The  construction  of  doudui  and  noea/ting  baiht  ot 
sulphur  water,  to  be  employed  uncter  proper  cir- 
cumstances, in  connection  with  the  internal  «■« 
of  the  water,  is  a  matter  of  the  utmost  importance 
to  the  successful  treatment  of  numerous  cases 
that  resort  to  mineral  springs. 

The  water  for  bathing  is  here  heated  by  »<eaii», 
in  the  tub  in  which  it  is  used.  This  is  a  vast 
improvement  over  the  old  method  of  he^ng 
mineral  waters  for  bathing.    Under  the  old  plan 


374 


MINKRAL  6PRIKGS  OF  OHIO. 


of  heating  in  a  boiler,  ahd  thence  carrying  the 
water  to  the  bathing-tub,  much  of  its  valuable 
saline  matter  was  precipitated  a^d  lost.  By  this 
improved  method  of  applying  steam  to  the  water 
in  the  tub,  the  heat  is  never  so  great  in  raising 
the  water  to  the  bathing  point,  as  to  cause  any 
important  precipitation  of  its  lalts ;  hence  they 
are  left  in  their  natural  suspension  in  the  water, 
to  exert  their  specific  effect  upon  the  bather.  Not 
only  so,  but,  by  this  improved  method,  hot  steam 
may  be  let  into  the  tub,  from  time  t«  time,  as  the 
water  cools,  «o  as  to  keep  it  essentially  of  the 
same  temperature  during  the  entire  process  of 
bathing  ;  a  consideration  often  of  no  sm'ali  im- 
portance. This  method  of  heating  mineral  waters 
in  the  tub  in  which  they  are  used,  in  connection 
with  dowihe  and  sweating  baths,  brings  warm  and 
hot  bathing  at  this  place,  in  fair  competition  with 
bathing  at  naturally  Warm  and  Hot  Springs,  and 
will  be  productive  of  the  same  good  effects  that 
are  experienced  from  bathing  in  such  springs. 

The  Ohio  White  Sulphur  fountain  iit  a  curiosity 
in  hydraulics.  Its  waters  arise  in  a  boring  made 
through  solid  rock  that  underlies  the  bed  of  the 
river,  and  are  thrown  np  by  subterranean  power 
one  hundred  and  sixty  feet  to  the  surface  of  the 
earth,  where  a  pipe  is  attached  to  the  mouth  of 
the  boring,  or  well,  along  which,  by  means  of  the 
same  subterranean  power,  they  are  propelled  a 
distance  of  near  three  hundred  feet,  and  to  an 


IMM 


MM 


OHIO  WHtiB  SULPHVB. 


875 


sarryiDg  the 

its  valuable 
St.     By  this 

to  the  water 
it  in  raising 
;o  cause  any 

hence  they 
in  the  water, 
tother.  Not 
d,  hot  steam 

time,  OS  the 
iially  of  the 
process  of 

0  sm'all  im- 
iheral  waters 
X  connection 
;s  warm  and 
petition  with 
Springs,  and 

1  effects  that 
springs. 

is  a  curiosity 
3oring  made 
e  bed  of  the 
mean  power 
irface  of  the 
le  mouth  of 
means  of  the 
propelled  a 
,  and  to  an 


elevation  of  some  sixty  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
river.  Here  they  flow  into  a  beautiful  marble 
reservoir,  the  fountain  from  which  the  water  is 
received  for  drinking.  From  the  base  of  this 
reservoir  the  water  is  conducted  under  ground  to 
the  batlirrooms,  and  from  thence  to  form  a  beauti- 
ful jet  d'eau  in  its  exit  to  the  river,  into  which  it 
falls  when  released  from  its  utilitarian  purposes. 
A  hydrodynamic  problem  here  very  naturally 
arises  in  the  inquisitive  mind.  By  what  power  is 
this  volume  of  water  made  to  rise  more  than  two 
hundred  feet  perpendicularly  above  its  source  in 
the  bowels  of  the  earth  ? 

Writers  on  physics  assert  that  there  are  but 
two  known  forces  that  account  for  such  phenomena; 
first,  a  gaawtts  force,  and  it  is  alleged  that  when 
water  is  propelled  by  such  a  force,  it  always  flows 
more  or  less  per  saitum,  ahd  not  in  a  constant 
regular  stream  ;  second,  the  well-known  force,  or 
principle,  by  which  water  finds  its  own  level. 
Now  this  water  does  not  come  up  per  saUvm  in 
any  degree,  but  in  a  continuous,  bold,  dashing 
current.     When  we  look  around  in  search  of  a 
probable  elevation  from  which  it  might  come,  we 
find  it  not  in  the  State  of  Ohio,  nor  in  many  hun- 
dreds of  miles  in  any  direction,  except  in  the  great 
Apalachian  chain  of  Virginia  or  Pennsylvania, 
and  the  nearest  of  these,  perhaps  two  hundred 
miles  distant.    Do  these  sulphur  waters,  as  such, 
come  from  the  great  Alleghany  supplies  that  are 


i!M|»ailH:.(|-uii 


^76 


MINBKAL  CmaHOfl  Of  OHIO. 


known  to  exist,  and  are  so  frequently  found  issu- 
ing from  the  base  of  that  range  of  mountains  in 
VirginiaJ  or,  do  they  receive  their  mineral  im- 
pregnations near  the  place  where  they  arise,  and 
is  there  some  force  not  yet  understood  by  which 
water  may  be  propelled  to  great  heights  above  its 
natural  source? 

Interesting  as  this  question  may  be,  I  must 
Imve  its  ultimate  decision  to  those  more  deeply 
Yersed  in  the  arcana  of  nature. 

This  fountain,  as  valuable  as  a  medicinal  agent 
as  it  is  curious  in  physics,  was  first  discovered 
about  thirty-four  years  ago. 

A  gentleman,  by  the  name  of  Baohus,  was 
boring  at  this  place  for  salt  water,  and  after 
penetrating  the  solid  rock  to  the  depth  of  one 
hundred  and  sixty  feet,  his  auger  suddenly  sunk 
two  feet,  and  the  sulphur  water  gushed  out.  Not 
then  appreciating  the  value  of  this  discovery,  he 
continued  his  boring,  still  through  solid  rock,  to 
the  &rther  depth  of  three  hundred  and  thirty 
feet,  when  be  reached  salt  water,  but  not  of  suffi- 
cieQt  strength  to  justify  its  evaporation  into  salt 
as  a  business.  Subsequently  the  lower  boring 
was  plugged,  and  the  sulphur  ira^ex  alone  peif- 
mitted  to  flow  up. 

The  hole,  along  which  the  wator  rises,  is  seven 
and  a  half  inches  in  oircumferenoe,  up  which  it 
raihes  with  treme&dous  force,  at  the  rate  of  one 
huudred  and  twenty  gallons  »  minute,  or  seven 
thousand  two  hundred  gallons  per  hour. 


■#iii<i^lWii«iWWWlfll^ 


iifiiaiat^iiWii^niniViii 


OHIO  WBin  SUIPHVB. 


ill 


J  found  iflsn- 
mountains  in 
mineral  im- 
ley  arise,  and 
>od  by  which 
;htB  above  its 

be,  I  must 
more  deeply 

lioinal  agent 
>t  discovered 


Baohus,  was 
,  and  after 
epth  of  one 
ddenly  sunk 
ed  out.  Not 
liscoyery,  he 
slid  rock,  to 
1  and  thirty 
not  of  suffi- 
ion  into  salt 
Dwer  boring 
r  alone  pel^• 

ises,  is  seven 
up  which  it 
rate  of  one 
te,  or  seven 
ir. 


To  convey  some  idea  of  the  volume  of  this  sub- 
terranean current  of  sulphur  water,  and  the 
rapidity  with  which  it  is  forced  along  its  channel, 
we  are  told  that  an  attempt  was  made  to  introduce  ^ 
a  copper  tube  from  the  surface  to  the  bottom  of 
the  well,  and  that  very  soon,  that  portion  of  the 
tube  that  entered  the  current,  became  bent  and 
flattened  by  its  force. 

Although  these  springs  have  but  for  a  few  years 
attracted  much  of  public  attention,  enough  is 
satisfactorily  known  of  them  to  enable  Oi  to 
welcome  them  to  a  prominent  position  among  the 
watering  places  of  the  country. 

Their  geographical  position  being  (antral  in  the 
great  and  flourishing  State  in  which  they  are 
situated,  and  essentially  so  as  between  the  popula- 
tion of  the  Southwest  and  the  watering  places  of 
the  Middle  and  Northern  States ;  the  ready 
facility  with  which  they  are  approaehed  by  rail- 
road from  every  direction ;  andj  above  all,  the 
medicinal  value  of  their  waters,  point  them  outa« 
a  place  of  very  large  valetudinary  and  fashionable 
resort  by  the  people  of  America.  So  fortunately 
are  they  located  in  reference  to  accessibility^  that 
visitors  from  North,  South,  East  or  West,  can 
approach  within  four  miles  of  them  on  unbroken 
chains  of  railroad. 

The  elevated  and  healthful  country  in  which 
they  are  situated,  with  the  established  fact  of  its 
entire  freedom  from  malarious  influences  at  all 


'i|-«>ftiiii"iiii|li«| 


srs 


MINERAL  SPRnrOB   OF  OHIO. 


Beaaons  of  the  year,  gire  to  persons  who  are 
seeking  a  healthful  climate,  for  a  summer  retreat, 
a  reliable  assurance  of  finding  such  at  this  place. 
The  waters  of  this  sulphur  fountain  hare  been 
analyzed  by  Professor  E.  8.  Wayne,  of  Cincinnati, 
who  shows  that  their  gaseous  contents  consist  of — 

Sulphuretted  hydrogen.         Carbonic  acid. 

Their  solid  contents  of— 


Sulphate  of  lime. 
Sulphate  of  magnesia, 
Chloride  of  calcium, 
Chloride  of  sodium, 
Chloride  of  magnesium. 


Carbonate  of  lime, 
Oxide  of  iron, 
Sulphuret  of  calcium. 
Iodine, 
Organic  matter. 


The  temperature  of  this  spring,  winter  and 
Bunilner,  is  52°  Fah. 

This  analysis  shows  that  the  water  holds  in 
solution  many  of  the  best  ingredients  found  in  the 
most  celebrated  waters  of  Europe  and  America, 
and  indicates  its  adaptation  to  a  large  circle  of 
chronio  diseases  to  which  humanity  is  subject. 

While  this  water  strongly  resembles  the  Vir- 
ginia White  Bulphtir  in  sereral  respects,  it  is  still 
more  like  the  waters  of  Avon  and  Sharon  Springs 
in  New  York,  than  any  other  with  which  I  am 
familiar.  The  two  latter  waters  differ  somewhat 
from  each  other,  and  so  will  this  be  found  to  differ 
from  botit ;  nerertheless  the  likeness  is  not  inapt 
between  them  in  many  essential  particulars. 


IHiISM 


OHIO  wmTB  BULPHUB. 


St9 


008  who  are 
mmer  retreat, 
at  this  place, 
in  have  been 
of  Cincinnati, 
ts  consist  of— 

ic  acid. 


e  of  lime, 
iron, 
)t  of  oalciiim, 

[natter. 

,  winter  and 

iter  holds  in 
I  found  in  the 
ind  America, 
irge  circle  of 
s  subject, 
bles  the  Yir- 
icts,  it  is  still 
aron  Springs 
which  I  am 
er  somewhat 
}und  to  differ 
is  not  inapt 
iculars. 


The  author  visited  and  spent  some  time  at  these 
springs  in  the  fall  of  1857,  and  again  in  1868, 
with    the  view  of  examining  the  waters,  and 
ascertaining,  by  scientific  research  and  practical 
observation,    their    peculiar    characteristics    and 
medical    adaptations.    The  field  of   observation 
while  at  the  springs,  was  too  limited  to  mature 
conclusions  as  definite  and  positive  in  reference  to 
the  specific  character  of  the  waters  as  was  desira- 
ble ;  but  in  all  cases  in  which  I  witnessed  their 
use,  the  effects   were   highly   satisfactory ;    and 
many  intelligent  persons,  among  them  medical 
men  of  high  reputation,  who  had  used  the  waters, 
assured  me  of  their  beneficial  effects.    But  any 
want  of  observation  upon  my  part  has  been  fully 
supplied  by  Dr.  W.  W.  Dawson,  of  Cincinnati,  a 
gentleman  of  science  and  learning  in  the  profes- 
sion, who  spent  the  entire  summer  of  1868  at  the 
springs.    In  his  "  ObtermtioM  tUthe  Springs  in 
1858,"  he  gives  a  clear  and  satisfactory  account  of 
the  curative  power  of  the  water  in  dyspepsia,  and 
the  various  depravities  of  the  stomach;  in  diseases 
of  the  liver,  and  in  various  chronic  affeoticms  of 
the  bowels  and  kidneys.  ' 

Dr.  Dawson  reports  a  very  interesting  case, of 
chrome  Fericarditia  that  was  entirely  cured  by 
the  water  He  recommends  its  use  in  congestion 
of  the  lungs  and  tracheal  tubes.  In  a  <»se  of 
chlorosis  that  came  under  his  observation,  it  was 
signally   suocesBful ;   and   decided    benefit   was 


■  jiaijiliwrt 


880 


MIHIftAL  SPRniM  Of  OHIO. 


derired  from  its  employment  in  cases  of  dropsical 
effusions.* 

Dr.  D.  informs  us  he  had  but  little  opportunity 
of  seeing  the  waters  tested  in  rheumatism,  or  in 
severe  affections  of  the  skin.  But  from  my 
obserrations  of  the  value  of  similar  waters  in 
those  diseases,  I  should  have  great  confidence  in 
their  use  in  such  cases,  especially  when  their 
internal  use  is  connected  with  the  warm  or  hot 
sulphur  baths.  I  would  make  the  same  remark  in 
reference  to  mercurial  disease,  commonly  so 
called,  or  eeoondary  Ives,  often  htdntve  of  mineral 
fountains ;  in  such  cases  we  may  look  to  the  free 
internal  use  of  the  water,  with  hot  sulphur 
bathing,  with  much  hope. 

QiALTBiSATB  Sphinob.— In  addition  to  the  sul- 
phur Artesian  fountain  of  which  we  have  been 
treating,  there  are  in  dose  proximity  to  it,  and 
within  the  spring  lawn,  three  other  mineral 
springs  deserving  of  notice.  They  are  all  im- 
pregnated with  tron,  two  of  them  strongly  so. 
The/  are  known  as  the  ChalybMe,  the  Magneaiany 
and  the  SMine  Chalybeate  Springs. 

The  water  of  the  OhtO/gbeaU  is  beautifuUy 
transparent  and  sparkling,  of  pleasant  taste,  and 
of  the  nniform  temperature  of  66°  Fah. 


^*5fT27******  •*  **»  ^^>^  '''f^^  Solphar  Snrinn  ia  1888. 
tifW.W.I>*wa(»i,]lD.  .  '^*  ' 


<imm 


mm 


mim 


^—--"- 'flill  11-  tgill 


I  of  dropsical 

I  opportnnitj 
atism,  or  in 
it  from  my 
it  waters  in 
!onfld«nce  in 

when  their 
rarm  or  hot 
ne  remark  in 
mmonly  so 
I  of  mineral 

to  the  free 
lot   sulphnr 


to  the  snl- 
>  have  heen 
f  to  it,  and 
ter  mineral 
are  all  im- 
itrong^ly  so. 
I  Magnetianf 

heantifttlljr 
fc  taste,  and 


wiqgtia  1808, 


0HALTBBA3S   tPBIHaS. 


881 


Professor  Wayne's  chemical  examinations  found 
this  spring  to  contain— 

Sulphate  of  iron,  Chloride  of  calcium, 

Oxide  of  iron,  Carhonate  of  lime, 

Sulphate  of  magnesia,    Iodine, 
Sulphate  of  lime.  Potash, 

Organic  matter. 

Like  other  waters  of  iU  dass.  In  which  the 
chalyheate  decidedly  prevails,   it  is   essentially 
tonic  and  alterative,  and  may  he  prescribed  with 
advantage  in  cases  of  paucity  or  poverty  of  the 
blood,  when  unconnected  with  obstinate  visceral 
obstructions;  in  general  debility  resulting  from 
prior  violent  disease,  or  from  hsemorrhagic  or 
other   discharges   from   the    stomach,   bladder, 
bowels  or  womb.    In   long-continued  intermit- 
tents,  and  in  dropsical  effusions,  they  will  prove 
beneficial.    As  a  secondary  remedy,  following  the 
nse  of  sulphur  waters,  chalybeates  often  prove 
eminently  serviceable  in  restoring  the  energies  of 
the  system  and  hastening  a  cure ;  this  is  especially 
the  case  in  neuralgia,  and  in  that  peculiar  stomach 
affection  known  as  gastralgia,  as  well  as  in  *hat 
nervous  and  debilitated  stote  of  the  system  the 
result  of  excessive  or  improper  indulgences. 

In  leucorrhcea,  chlorosis,  and  amenorrhcea  and 
its  general  attendant  sterility,  such  waters  have 
always  enjoyed  a  high  and  well-deserved  celebrity  j 


1 


882 


MimBAL  flPBiRas  or  ohio. 


indeed,  if  chalybeate  nraten  had  no  other  claim  to 
confidence  than  their  admitted  efficacy  in  curing 
the  obstinate  and  health-undermining  obstructions 
in  females,  they  would  still  stand,  a  choice  boon  of 
a  benificent  Providence. 

The  Maonbsian  Bpbino  is  shown,  by  Professor 
Wayne,  to  contain  iron,  magnesia,  lime,  potassa, 
iodine  and  organic  matter. 

The  principal  difference  between  this  and  the 
Ohalybeate  Spring,  is  occasioned  by  its  containing 
a  large  amount,  of  sulphate  of  magnesia,  but  a 
smaller  amount  of  iron  than  the  chalybeate, 
which,  consequently,  render  it  more  purgative, 
but  less  tonic  than  the  latter.  Indeed,  the  waters 
of  this  spring  contain  a  sufficient  amount  of 
magnesia  to  make  it,  when  freely  drunk,  decidedly 
purgative. 

The  occasional  use  of  proper  quantities  of  this 
water  by  patients  using  the  sulphur  or  chalybeate, 
and  when  these  waters  do  not  sufficiently  move 
the  bowels,  may  often  be  highly  beneficial. 

Tra  Sauvi  Ch ALYBBATe  SpuKa  has  not  heretofore 
been  much  used.  Dr.  Wayne  examined  it  chem- 
ically, and  found  it  to  contain,  besides  carbonic 
acid  gas,  oxide  of  iron,  chloride  of  calcium, 
sulphate  of  lime,  sulphate  of  magnesia,  carbonate 
of  lime,  with  small  qa.Mititie8  of  potassa,  iodine 
and  organic  matter. 


■1 1?,  ipi"<>fii  mmufBmammmimmm 


ro. 

other  claim  to 
cacy  in  curing 
ig  obstructions 
choice  boon  of 


,  by  Professor 
lime,  potassa, 

I  this  and  the 
its  containing 
^gnesia,  but  a 
e  chalybeate, 
)re  purgative, 
ed,  the  waters 
it  amount  of 
ink,  decidedly 

ntities  of  this 
or  chalybeate, 
Bciently  move 
leficial. 

not  heretofore 
ined  it  chem- 
lides  carbonic, 
of  calcium, 
lia,  carbonate 
>taflsa,  iodine 


TBLIiOW  SPKIVQ. 


As  a  medicinal  water  it  diflfers  in  no  loading  or 
important  respect  from  the  chalybeate  Spring.* 

The  Ybixow  Spriho  is  in  Green  County,  two 
miles  west  of  the  Miami  River,  and  sixty-four 
north  of  Cincinnati.  Dr.  Drake  states  that  "  it 
is  a  copious  and  constant  fountain,  4hat  issues 
between  strata  of  arenaceous  limestone,  and  thus 
has  geological  characters  perfectly  identical  with 
the  Chalybeate  Springs  of  the  Olympian  valley  in 
Kentucky."  The  temperature  of  the  water  is  the 
same  as  of  the  other  springs  of  the  neighborhood, 
52°  Fah.  The  water  is  beautifully  transparent, 
with  a  slight  ferruginous  taste,  and  is  said  to 
resemble  in  its  composition  the  other  limestone 
springs  of  the  country,  with,  the  addition  of  the 
carbonate  of  iron. 

Dr.  Drake  informs  us  "  that  its  water  is  diuretto 
and  slightly  laxative,  if  it  can  be  considered  as 
having  this  effect  at  all  with  any  uniformity." 
He  considers  the  water  rather  restorative  than 
curative,  and  as  such  is  valuable  for  convalescents. 
He  regards  it  as  a  pleasant  tonic,  and  hence 
valuable  in  cases  of  debility,  or  exhaustion  fol- 
lowing previous  violent  attacks,  and  in  nervotis 
disorders. 


•  Ibrafiaaee<mnt<fi\m«ater$,»eeapamf»Itieram«i  tt« 
"  OM0  WkUe  ehOpkur  Bpringt." 


w^iiui 


884 


afflmuL  muirfiw  or  omo. 


Tm  WMTPOSTbPRiiro.-.ItftriMi  (Dr.  Bell)  "  in 
the  bed  of  Deer  Creek,  a  tributary  of  the  Scioto 
River,  from  a  vaet  bed  of  clay-slate,  which,  for 
many  miles  forms  the  bed  of  the  creek."  It  is  a 
bold  fountain,  yielding  some  twenty  gallons  of 
water  a  minute.  It  belongs  to  the  taline  clata, 
and  contains  sulphate  of  magnesia  and  iron,  the 
latter  being  held  in  solution  by  carbonic  acid, 
which  gives  the  water  a  lively  and  sparkling 
appearance  as  it  rises  to  the  surface.  The  water 
is  said  to  be  mildly  cathartic.  It  will,  doubtless, 
be  found  valuable  in  dyspepsia,  gastralgia,  and  a 
numerous  class  of  Ainctional  derangements  of  the 
ohylopoietio  viscera. 


t  'MtMHi!')iiiil"JH'l j*.ia'l.}iii!i%ffl!  .Ill  i. •" <".i_(  jui.ji riiiwiji jij  >  1 1 jii iiiiitfif$ff0tteg^pim 


0. 

Dr.  Bell)  « ia 
'  of  the  Soioto 
te,  which,  for 
eek."  It  IB  a 
ity  gallons  of 
e  taline  cUut, 
•nd  iron,  the 
carhonic  add, 
^nd  sparkling 
e.  The  water 
ill,  doubtless, 
itralgia,  and  a 
ements  of  the 


MIMEF.AL  .  rRlNOfl  OF  TENNESSEE 


CHAPTEB  XXVI. 

MINERAL  SPRIN08  OP  TENNESSEE. 

White't  Creek  Spring-  Robertton'^-  Wineh«iUr—Beer$heba--M<ml- 
v(Ue—TaU'»—Lee't  Bu^ur  and  Chnlj/beate—Alum  Uprxng*— 
Warm  Spring  on  tKe  French  Broad. 

The  same  great  Apalachian  chain  of  mountains 
tliat  ei^tend  through  Virginia,  and  affords  what 
is  there  known  as  the  "Spring  Region,"  continues 
its  course  southwesterly  through  the  State  of 
Tennessee  from  the  northeastern  to  the  south- 
western horder  of  the  State,  gradually  losing  its 
elevation  as  it  goes  South,  until,  finally,  in  Ala- 
hama,  it  sinks  into  the  alluvial  plains  that  extend 
to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

This  extensive  mountain  range,  or  rather  series 
of  mountains,  running  on  the  same  parallel,  is 
called  in  Tennessee  the  Cumherland  range,  and 
divides  Eaat  Tennessee  from  Middle  Tennessee. 

On  the  southern  border  of  the  State,  for  near 
two  hundred  miles  in  length,  is  the  great  chain 
of  Blue  Ridge  mountains,  a  continuation  of 
the  same  lofty  range  that  in  Virginia,  separates 
between  the  Great  VdUey  and  Eastern  Virginia. 
.  In  Tennessee,  this  range  of  mountains  is  on  the 
line  between  that  State  and  North  Carolina,  South 


386 


IdlNBRAL  SPRINGS   OF   TENNESSKK. 


Carolina  and  Georgia.  Both  of  these  great  moun- 
tain ranges  aflford  essentially  the  same  geological 
characteristics  in  Tennessee,  that  they  do  in  Vir- 
ginia. And  on  their  slopes,  and  near  their  hase, 
in  the  latter  as  in  the  former  State,  mineral  springs 
of  various  qualities  and  strength  are  known  to 
exist.  But  as  yet  in  Tennessee  hut  few  of  these 
springs  have  heen  improved,  and  made  places  of 
resort  for  the  invalid,  or  the  general  puhlic  ;  nor 
have  they  yet,  as  a  general  thing,  made  out  a 
satisfactory  record  of  their  precise  quality,  or 
medicinal  applicahilities. 

The  SaUfte  and  Sulphurous  and  the  Carbonated 
iron  waters  are  those  most  frequently  met  with  in 
this  State.  I  proceed  to  mention  those  that  have 
been  introduced  to  public  notice  as  places  of 
valetudinary  or  pleasure  resorts. 

White's  Creek  SpRiNa  is  twelve  miles  from 
Nashville.  It  is  held  in  high  estimation  by  many, 
and  is  considerably  resorted  to.  It  is  said  to  con- 
tain sulphur,  iron  and  magnesia,  the  former  in 
large  proportion.  In  cutaneous  disorders  and 
calculous  affections  it  has  been  much  praised  for 
its  curative  powers. 

BoBBRTSON  Springs  belong  to  the  class  of  saline 
waters.    They  are  twenty  miles  from  Nashville. 

Winchester  Springs  are  four  miles  from  the 
pleasant  town  of  Winchester,  in  Franklin  County, 


MMM 


miiHiiimiii 


Wl'liiMHiailM 


MMm 


ISEB. 

e  great  moun- 
.me  geological 
ley  do  in  Vir- 
i&r  their  base, 
ineral  springs 
are  known  to 
t  few  of  these 
aade  places  of 
il  public ;  nor 
,  made  out  a 
e  quality,   or 

le  Carbonated 
y  met  with  in 
lose  that  have 
as  places  of 

I  miles  from 
tion  by  many, 
is  said  to  con- 
lie  former  in 
lisorders  and 
1  praised  fpr 

lass  of  saline 
m  Kashville. 

les  from  the 
iklin  County, 


AVINCHESTBR  AND  BEBRSHBBA  SPniNGS.  38T 

on  the  Nashville  and  Chattanooga  Eailroad, 
seventy  miles  from  Nashville,  and  fifty  from 
Chattanooga. 

There  are  here,  in  close  proximity, /our  different 
springs,  Red  and  White  Sulphur,  Chalybeate 
and  Freestone.  These  springs  enjoy  considerable 
celebrity  and  patronage,  and  are  well  worthy  of 
attention  both  as  a  place  of  healthful  and  pleasur- 
able resort. 

In  the  same  neighborhood,  and  but  four  miles 
distant,  other  springs  have  been  discovered,  called 
Allisona  Springs.  They  resemble  the  Winchester 
Springs  in  quality,  and  promise  to  be  of  equal 
medicinal  value. 

Bbbrsheba  Springs  are  on  the  summit  of  one  of 
the  spurs  of  the  Cumberland  Mountain,  in  the 
County  of  Grundy,  about  twelve  miles  northeast 
from  McMinnsville.  They  have  come  into  notice 
as  a  watering  place  within  the  last  four  years. 

The  water  is  a  saline  chalybeate,  and  is  regarded 
as  valuable  tonic  alteifative. 

These  springs  have  been  tastefully  and  conveni- 
ently improved  for  the  accommodation  of  from 
four  to  five  hundred  persons. 

The  scenery  surrounding  the  Beershoba  Springs 
is  both  beautiful  and  picturesque,  and  remarkable 
alike  for  its  extent  of  range  and  its  wild  and 
romantic  prospects. 

There  are  here  some  fifteen  or  twenty  elegant 


m 


388 


UINERAL  SPBIKGS  OF  TENNESSEE. 


cottage  residences,  belonging  to,  and  generally 
occupied  by,  wealthy  families  of  Nashville,  and 
other  parts  of  the  Southwest. 

The  society  assembled  at  this  place  during  the 
summer  is  aways  select,  elegaat  and  cultivated, 
and  this,  in  connection  with  the  value  of  the 
waters,  and  the  salubrious  character  of  the  atmos- 
phere, make  Beeraheba  a  very  desirable  summer 
retreat. 

Through  the  entire  circuit  of  East  Tennessee, 
as  bounded  by  the  Cumberland  range  of  mountains 
on  the  North  and  the  Blue  Bidge  on  the  South, 
mineral  waters  are  abundant,  and  some,  particu- 
larly of  the  scdine  and  chalybeate  character,  have 
been  demonstrated  to  be  of  excellent  quality. 

MoNTVALB  Springs  are  in  Blount  County,  twenty- 
four  miles  south  of  Knoxville.  They  belong  to 
the  8a2ine  class. 

The  analysis  of  these  waters  by  Professor 
Mitchell,  shows  that  they  contain  in  one  gallon 
of  water — 

Chloride  of  sodium i-gfj 

Sulphate  of  magnesia...... 12-00 

Sulphate  of  lime 74-21 

Sulphate  of  soda  > _ 4-61 

Carbomite  of  lime 18-2(| 

,  Carbonate  of  iron £'40 

They  also  show  traces  of  potash  and  organic 
matter,  with  an  excess  of  carbonic  acid. 


liiiKiBiil 


SSEE. 

nd  generally 
fashville,  and 

e  during  the 
d  cultivated, 
value  of  the 
of  the  atnios- 
able  summer 

Bt  Tennessee, 
of  mountains 
a  the  South, 
ome,  particu- 
iracter,  have 
quality. 

mty,  twenty- 
ey  belong  to 

jy  Professor 
a  one  gallon 


l-M 

12-00 

4-61 

18-26 

8-40 

and  organic 
id. 


MONTVALE  BPRmOS. 


389 


The  Matttvale  are  valuable  waters,  and  very 
favorably  represent  the  class  to  which  they  belong. 
In  many  of  the  dyspeptic  depravities,  and  generally 
in  the  chronic  disorders  of  the  abdominal  and 
pelvic  viscera,  they  are  used  with  great  success. 

They  enjoy  considerable  reputation  in  the  cure 
of  chronic  diarrhcea,  a  disease  very  common  and 
very  fatal  in  our  extreme  Southern  latitudes.    In 
the  summer  of   1854,  the  author  spent  several 
weeks  at  Montvale,  and  witnessed  the  operation  of 
its  waters  in  quite  a  number  of  cases  of  this  dis- 
ease.   In  those  in  which  it  was  used  in  quantities, 
but  slightly  provocative  of  increased  operations 
from  the  bowels,  and  in  which  a  guarded  for- 
bearance in  diet  and  general  living  was  observed, 
it  proved  eminently  useful,  and  especially  in  cases 
connected  with,  and  kept  up  by,  depraved  biliary 
secretions.    While,  on  the  other  hand,  those  who 
used  the  water  in  full  purgative  doses  derived  no 
benefit,  and  some  were  injured.    The  best  article  in 
the  Mat^a  MetUca  may  be  so  misused  as  to  render 
it  inert  or  injurious,  and  the  invalid  at  this,  and  all 
the  mineral  springs,  should  remember  that  it  is 
not,  as  many  seem  to  suppose,  to  drink  and  be 
heeded,  but  so  to  drink  as  to  secure  the  proper  and 
sanative  effects  of  the  agent.* 
The  waters  of  the  Montvale  more  resemble  those 


•  See  account  of  Jfon<«wto  SpntH>»,  by  J.  J.  Moormwi,  M.  D., 
pabliBhedinl855. 


It- 


390 


MINBBAL  Sf  SINOS  OF  TERNESSEBr 


of  the  Alleghany  Springs  in  Virginia,  than  any 
other  with  which  we  can  compare  them. 

Tatb's  Sprutos  are  in  the  County  of  Granger. 
They  are  adline  waters,  and  are  very  like  those  of 
MotUvale,  but  hold  in  solution  a  larger  amount  of 
iron. 


1  -v 


Lbb'b  Sprikos  are  twenty  miles  east  of  Knoxville. 
There  are  here  two  Sidphur  and  a  Chalybeate 
Spring.  The  sulphurs  are  good  waters  of  their 
class ;  the  chalybeate  is  pure  and  strong,  and 
superior  to  many  waters  of  its  kind. 

At  the  town  of  Butledge,  in  Granger  County,  is 
a  very  strong  sulphurous  spring,  and  near  Bean's 
Station,  in  the  same  county,  are  several  beautiful 
fountains  of  sulphur  water,  abounding  in  red  and 
whitQ  deposits. 

Alum  Springs.—I  have  examined  the  waters 
from  an  Alum  Spring,  found  nearjlogersville,  in 
Hawkins  County,  which  compare  favorably  with 
any  alum  waters  that  are  known. 

Warm  SpRiNG.—It  is  said  that  on  the  French 
Broad  River,  near  the  North  Carolina  line,  there 
is  a  Warm  Spring  of  95°  Fah.,  issuing  from  the 
bank  of  the  river.  • 


mmtmm 


IMI 


mmm 


XBr 


SPRINGS   OF  NORTH  OAROUKA. 


3^1 


ia,  than  any 


m. 


of  Granger, 
like  those  of 
er  amount  of 


)f  Enoxville. 

a  Chalybeate 

ters  of   their 

strong,  and 

er  County,  is 

near  Bean's 

ral  beautiful 

9^  in  red  and 


the  waters 
gersville,  in 
rorably  with 


the  French 
k  line,  there 
Dg  from  the 


CHAPTER  XXVII. 

SPRmOS  OP  NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Warm  and  Hot  8piing$  «f  Buneomb6—8hoeeo  ^^ring—Jcne* 
White  Bulpkur  and  Chaljfieate—Kittnttt  Springt. 

North  Carolina  is  not  remarkable  for  mineral 
springs  ;  the  most  noted  are  the 

Warm  and  Hot  Springs  op  Buncombv. — These 
thermal  fountains  arise  on  the  western  bank  of 
the  French  Broad  River,  and  so  near  the  stream 
that  in  times  of  high  freshets  they  are  overflown 
by  its  waters. 

The  fountains  are  three  in  number,  and  vary  in 
temperature  from  94°  to  104°  Fah. 

Professor  Smith  obtaii\pd  the  following  results 
from  analyzing  three  quarts  of  the  water  : — 

Muriate  of  lime  snd  nugneels 4      gndns. 

Sulphate  of  magneua .-  6         ** 

Sulphate  of  lime. 41-05     " 

Insoluble  residue 2-05     " 

Loss 1  " 

2710 
Equal  to  4-66  grains  in  a  pint. 

This  water  lies  lightly  upon  the  stomach,  and 
is  often  used  by  visitors  to  the  extent  of  three 


■"  ■■«'*«-'.i-H*»*S(i»*MI|a*i|gi 


392 


SPRINGS  OF   NORTH  OAROUNA. 


quarts,  or  even  more,  in  the  course  of  the  day. 
In  such  doses,  it  is  said  to  excite  active  purgation 
when  first  used,  hut  after  a  few  days  it  ceases  to 
have  any  active  effect. 

As  a  bath,  these  waters  have  a  wide  and  appro- 
priate applicahility.  The  hath  of  ninety-four 
degrees,  will  very  generally  he  found  safe  and 
salutary  for  most  persons.  '  Those  of  higher 
temperature  should  be  used  with  caution,  and  with 
a  prudent  reference  to  the  nature  of  the  disease 
and  the  state  of  the  system  at  the  time  of  their 
use.  As  stated  when  treating  of  the  Hot  Springs 
in  Virginia,  hot  baths  are  potent  and  positive 
agents  ;  they  are  revolutionary  remedies,  and,  to 
be  used  safely  and  successfully,  must  be  used  with 
wise  discrimination.  They  are  unsuited  to  per- 
sons in  ordinary  health,  and  to  all  acute  or 
subacute  cases,  but  admirably  suited  to  many 
cases  of  obstinate  chronfc  diseases,  especially  to 
chronic  rheumatism,  palsy,  and  other  cases 
depending  upon  obstinate  obstructions  and  loss  of 
vascular  and  nervous  energy. 

An  able  writer  upon  baths,  adopts  the  following 
decision  as  to  their  temperature,  which  may  well 
be'  made  a  fixed  rule  to  determine  the  import  of 
language,  when  we  speak  generally  of  the  tem- 
perature of  baths : — 


•«»?»; 


FA. 


WABM   BPRINOS. 


393 


9  of  the  day, 
ive  purgation 
8  it  ceases  to 


e  and  appro- 
f  ninety-four 
md  safe  and 
30  of  higher 
tion,  and  with 
)f  the  disease 
time  of  their 
9  Hot  Springs 
and  positive 
edies,  and,  to 
;  he  used  with 
uited  to  per- 
all  acute  or 
ted  to  many 
especially  to 
other  cases 
us  and  loss  of 


the  following 
ich  may  well 
he  import  of 
'  of  the  tem- 


1.  The  cold  tath from 88°  to  60°  Fah. 

2.  The  cool  bath "   00°  to  70°     " 

8.  The  temperate  bath "   75°  to  85°     " 

4.  The  tepid  bath "   85°  to  92°    " 

5.  The  wann  bath "   02°  to  98°     " 

6.  The  hot  bath. "  98°  to  112°  " 

He  remarks  that  ''the  only  upward  limit  of  the 
hot  hath,  is  that  of  tolerance  hy  the  living  hody 
immersed  in  it.  As  it  regards  the  effects,  in  a 
general  way,  of  ihese  several  kind  of  haths,  we 
may  speak  of  them  under  two  divisions,  thera- 
peutically considered.  In  the  first,  from  the 
warm  down  to  cold,  we  shall  find  a  calming  and 
soothing  operation  continued,  with  the  reduced 
temperature  of  the  water,  to  the  most  depressing 
sedative, — in  fact  a  rediicing-  power ;  and  in  the 
second,  from  the  upper  degrees  of  warmth,  a 
stimulating  and  strongly  exciting  operation. 
What  a  mischievous  error,  therefore,  is  the  too 
common  one  of  confounding  a  warm  with  a  hot 
hath,  and  directing  the  one  for  the  other,  as  if 
they  wdre  convertihle  terms  expressing  the  same 
thing,  instead  of  heing  in  direct  contrast  with 
each  other.  It  may  serve  to  indicate  the  striking 
difference  hetween  the  warm  hath  and  the  hot 
hath,  when  I  say  that  the  first  is  a  grateful 
hygienic  agent,  which  almost  every  hody  can  make 
use  of  with  henefit,  in  addition  to  its  employ- 
ment ais  a  therapeutical  one  in  the  treatment  of 
disease  ;  whereas  the  hot  hath  is,  or  ought  to  he, 


i  H 


# 


304 


BPKI2^0S  OF   NOHTU  CAROUNA. 


a  remedial  agent  to  be  used  solely  in  disease,  and 
even  then  with  considerable  caution  and  discern- 
ment." 

Shocco  Springs  are  situated  nine  miles  from 
Warrenton,  in  Warren  County.  They  are  a  mild 
sulphurous  saline  water.  My  valued  friend,  Dr. 
Howard,  of  Warrenton,  informs  me  that  they  are 
**  mildly  aperient  and  actively  diuretic,  producing, 
after  a  few  days'  use,  free  bilious  evacuations ; 
and  that  they  are  advantageously  employed  in  the 
various  diseases  for  which  mild  ^ulphur  waters 
are  usually  prescribed." 

Shocco  is  improved  by  a  large  hotel  and  com- 
fortable cabins,  that  will  pleasantly  accommodate 
four  hundred  persons. 

Jones'  White  Sulpdub  and  Chalybeate  Springs 
are  located  about  five  miles  from  Shocco,  and 
eleven  from  Warrenton ;  they  are  improved  for 
the  accommodation  of  about  three  hundred  and 
fifty  visitors,  and  about  that  number  may  be  found 
there  at  the  height  of  the  season. 

The  White  Sulphur  is  a  mild  sulphurous  saline 
water,  and  acts  favorably  in  certain  hepatic 
derangements,  jaundice,  dyspepsia,  etc. 

The  Chalybeate  is  a  strong  ferruginous  water  ; 
the  iron  is  held  in  solution  by  carbonic  acid. 
Dr.  Howard  considers  it  an  excellent  tonic,  and 
"  well  suited  for  all  those  cases  characterized  by 


»^>:|iWHi\*»i<^|l|j(>y!tii^j^ 


ij  fiiiiliiiniilii 


mUmt>iiimiM'y*mmm 


NA. 


KITTRELL's    8FIUN0S. 


89ft 


in  disease,  and 
a  and  discern- 


ne  miles  from 
'hey  are  a  mild 
led  friend,  Dr. 
e  that  they  are 
tic,  producing, 
i  evacuations; 
[Dploycd  in  the 
ulphur  waters 

otel  and  com- 
'  accommodate 


TBBATK  Springs 
1  Shocco,  and 
I  improved  for 
I  hundred  and 
r  may  he  found 

}hurou8  saline 
rtain  hepatic 
etc. 

ginons  water ; 
carbonic  acid, 
ent  tonic,  and 
aracterized  by 


an  enfeebled  habit,  and  especially  when  the  blood 
has  been  deprived  of  its  normal  proportion  of 
iron.  It  displays  marked  efficacy  in  those  whoso 
blood  has  been  robbed  of  this  important  ele- 
ment by  aalarious  fevers;  and  in  chlorosis, 
amenorrhooa,"  etc. 

Kittrkll's  Springs. — ^Immediately  on  the  rail- 
road from  Weldon  to  Raleigh,  in  the  County  of 
Granville,  and  half  a  mile  from  the  village  of 
Hcaderson,  KittrdVa  Springs  are  found.  They 
have  attracted  public  notice  only  for  the  last  two 
or  three  years,  and  as  yet  there  is  but  little 
improvement  at  the  place  for  the  accommodation 
of  visitors.  The  water  of  these  springs  has 
acquired  considerable  lodal  reputation  for  the  cure 
of  various  diseases,  and  particularly  for  scrofulous 
afifcctions. 

Chemical  examinations  havd  ascertained  that 
the  water  holds  in  solution  iron,  magnesia,  lime, 
alum,  soda  and  potassa. 

These  springs  are  probably  destined  to  acquire 
a  valuable  medicinal  reputation,  and  when 
properly  improved,  to  become  a  place  of  con- 
siderable valetudinary  resort. 


396 


8PRIN0S  OF  SOUTH  CAROLINA. 


CHAPTER  XXVIII. 

SPRINGS  OP  SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

0hnn't—W)tfi—8pring$  in  AbbmiUe  and  Laurmu  DiHHet,  dbe.— 
OhieK$—Wmanutown  Spring»—Arte$ian   WtU  in  ChartttUm, 

Glenn's  Springs,  in  Spartanaburg  District,  have 
considerable  notoriety  for  their  medicinal  virtues. 

Professor  Shepard,  of  Charleston,  states  that 
the  waters  of  these  springs  are  strongly  impreg- 
nated with  sulphur,  ajid  th>;,t  they  also  contain 
traces  of  sulph.  magnesia,  with  sulphate,  per- 
carbonate,  and  chloride  of  limo. 

These  springs  are  much  resorted  to  by  the 
people  of  the  lower  country.  Their  situation  is 
t>leasant..  salubrious  and  healthful,  and  their 
waters  are  highly  efiteemed  by  many,  particularly 
in  dyspeptic  affec.i  ns. 

In  the  same  district,  and  a  few  miles  above  the 
village  of  Spartansburg,  there  is  a  spring  which 
is  somewhat  resorted  to,  and  has  acquired  some 
local  reputation. 

Wkbt's  Spring  is  in  the  neighborhood  of 
OUnn'a.    It  is  a  chalybeate  of  good  promise. 


"^^m^msm 


NA. 


chick's  bprinos. 


897 


JINA. 

rm$  DiiMet,  de.— 
WtU  in  ChartMton, 


:  District,  have 
icinal  virtues. 
D,  states  that 
>ngly  impreg- 
r  also  coutain 
sulphate,  per- 

ed  to  hy  the 
ir  situation  is 
il,  and  their 
r,  particularly 

les  above  the 
spring  which 
icquired  some 


{hborhood 
promise. 


of 


Chalybeate  Springs  are  found  in  various  parts  of 
the  State,  particularly  in  Abbeville  and  Laurens 
Districts.  In  Laurens  throe  or  four  chalybeate 
and  sulphur  fountains  are  known,  that  arise  in 
the  slate  and  hornblondo  formations  that  exist 
between  the  Ennoree  and  the  Saluda,  that  are 
worthy  of  public  attention. 

I  am  indebted  to  Professor  8.  H.  Dickson  for 
the  information,  that  the  springs  most  visited  in 
South  Carolina,  are  Chick's  Springs,  in  Greenvillo 
District,  on  the  Ennoree  River,  just  below  the 
mountainu,  and  Williamatown  Springs,  between 
Anderson  and  Greenville. 

Chick's  Springs  are  two  in  number.  One  is 
slightly  sulphurous,  and  is  used  for  hepatic  and 
intestinal  affections  and  cutaneous  disorders.  The 
other  is  a  mild  chalybeate,  and  is  employed  as  a 
tonic. 

The  WiLUAiiSTOWN  Speings  have  never  been 
analyzed,  so  far  as  I  know.  They  are  supposed  to 
be  both  tonic  and  alterative. 

Charlbston  Artesian  Well. — The  water  ob- 
tained from  this  well  has  acquired  some  reputation 
as  a  remedial  agent.  An  analysis  of  this  water 
shows  that  one  gallon  contains  nearly  the  third 
of  an  ounce  of  solid  matter.  Half  of  this  is 
common  salt,  and  three-quarters  of  the  remainder 
84 


898 


BPRING8  Of  SOUTH  CAROUNA. 


are  carbonate  of  soda.  It  has  also  traces  of 
potash,  bromide  of  magnesia,  sulphate  of  lime, 
borate  of  soda,  silica  and  flourine.  It  has  been 
much  used  in  Charleston,  and  many  affirm  that  it 
relieves  various  derangements  of  the  stomach  and 
bowels.  Professor  Dickson  informs  me  that  horses 
ara  extremely  fond  of  it,  and  Ihat  it  is  believed  to 
act  upon  them  beneficially,  in  promoting  their 
ready  fattening,  and  giving  them  a  smooth  and 
glossy  coat.  This  water  is  exported  in  bottles 
and  sold  in  considerable  quantities  in  the  North- 
ern cities. 


j^of  ,4  *.-■«„...- 


If  A. 


SPRINOS  OF  OEOBOIA. 


399 


tl80  traces  of 
>hate  of  limo, 
It  has  been 
affirm  that  it 
e  stomach  and 
me  that  horses 
)  is  believed  to 
omoting  their 
%  smooth  and 
ted  in  bottles 
in  the  North- 


CHAPTER  XXIX. 

SPRINGS   OP   OEOBOIA. 

Indian— Maditon— Warm   8pringt—Gord<m'$—Catooia   Bpringt. 

The  Indian  Springs,  in  the  County  of  Butts, 
arc  sulphurous  waters,  and  are  considerably  visited 
and  much  relied  upon  as  remedial  agents.  They 
have  beea  used  with  excellent  effect  in  chronic 
rheumatism,  and  for  various  diseases  of  the  liver 
and  stomach. 

The  Madison  Springs  have  long  been  regarded 
as  a  pure  and  excellent  chciyUate.  They  are 
found  in  the  County  of  Madison,  and  are  much 
visited  by  those  who  desire  the  use  of  iron  tonics. 

The  Warm  Springs  are  in  the  County  of  Merri- 
wether.  Their  temperature  is  95°.  They  have 
acquired  considerable  reputation  for  the  cure  of 
rheumatism,  gout,  and  other  chronic  affection/  for 
which  such  waters  are  commonly  employed. 

They  are  all  situated  in  pleasant  and  salubrious 
districts,  and  so  far  elevated  above  the  sea-board 
as  to  secure  them  against  malarial  influences. 


400 


SPRINGS    OF   aEOBOIA. 


Professor  Eichard  D.  Arnold,  of  Savannah,  in  a 
communication  to  Dr.  Bell,  thus  speaks  of  this 
and  the  Indian  spring  waters  : 

••  You  haye  chalybeate  springs  in  abundance  at 
the  North,  but  I  doubt  very  much  if  any  two 
springs  can  anywhere  be  .found  combining  such 
decided  medicinal  qualities  as  the  Indian  and  tbe 
Merriioether  Warm  Springs.  They  are  also  of 
very  easy  access  from  the  North.  One  of  our  fine 
sea  steamers  would  land  a  patient  at  our  wharves 
in  sixty  hours,  from  New  York,  and  our  railroad 
would  convey  him  to  within  sixteen  miles  of  the 
Indian  Springs  and  about  fifty  of  the  Warm 
Springs.  The  former  would  be  reached  within 
four  and  a-half  days  of  travel  from  New  York, 
and  the  latter  within  five  and  a-half  days." 

(JObdon's  Springs,  in  the  County  of  Murray,  and 
Bowlahd's  Springs,  in  the  County  of  Cass,  are 
chcdybeates,  and,  within  the  last  few  years,  are 
said  to  be  attracting  some  attention  from  invalids. 

Catoosa  Springs  are  in  the  County  of  Catoosa, 
in  the  extreme  western  part  of  the  State.  They 
have  not  been  analyzed,  but  are  regarded  as  a 
saline  chalybeate.  They  have  been  improved  for 
th«  accommodation  of  several  hundred  persons, 
and  are  much  visited  during  the  watering  season. 


f'fif'tf'^mtp<]yi¥i^m 


SPRINOS    OF    ALABAMA. 


401 


iavannah,  in  a 
ipeaks  of  this 

abundance  at 
h  if  any  two 
mbining  such 
ndian  and  the 
f  are  also  of 
ne  of  our  fine 
t  our  wharves 
1  our  railroad 
miles  of  the 
'  the  Warm 
ached  within 
1  New  York, 
days." 

'  Murray,  and 

of  Cass,  are 

w  years,  are 

rom  invalids. 

y  of  Catoosa, 
State.  They 
egarded  as  a 
improved  for 
[red  persons, 
ering  season. 


CHAPTER  XXX. 


SPRINGS  OP  ALABAMA. 


Bladen  Springt—BaOey't  Springt—TaOaham  Springt. 

Alabama  has  several  springs  of  decidedly 
marked  properties,  the  most  noted  of  which  is 

BiiADBN  Springs,  in  the  County  of  Clarke. 
These  springs  are  within  three  miles  of  the  Tom- 
beckbee  River,  eighty-five  from  Mobile,  and  seven 
from  Coflfeeville.  The  country  surrounding  them 
is  broken  and  hilly,  and  the  "growth  of  the  forest 
is  pine,  hickory,  oak,  etc.,  and  is  well  supplied 
with  wholesome  water. 

The  accommodations  at  the  springs  are  sufficient 
for  several  hundred  visitors. 

Six  fountains,  differing  slightly  from  each  other, 
issue  from  the  earth  within  a  small  compass,  fur- 
nishing an  abundant  supply  of  water. 

Professor  Brumby,  of  the  University  of  Ala- 
bama, has  analyzed  the  Bladen  waters,*  and  fjQom 
a  wine  pint  obtained  the  following  results  : 


*  We  are  indebted  to  Dr.  Bell's  work  on  Mineral  and  Thamal 
Spring*,  for  many  fitcts  in  reference  to  the  springs  of  the  extreme 
Southern  States. 
84* 


'%^t-'ff;"""v;!'g.i!'f|'i 


402 


6PRIN0S  OF  ALABAMA. 


Sulphuretted  hydrogen,  quantity  not  ascertained. 

Carbonic  acid  gas 4-075    cubic  inches. 

Chloride  of  sodium 0-9626 

Oziaeof  iron 00800  " 

Sulphate  of  Ume 00019  " 

Crenic  acid 0-0913  " 

Loss 00400  " 

Carbonate  of  soda 4-1112  " 

"       of  lime 0-8487  " 

•♦       of%iagne8ia 0*1700  " 

Silica  of  alumina 0-2681  " 

▲pocrenic  acid 0-07S0         " 


The  relatively  large  amount  of  carbonate  of 
ioda,  with  free  carbonic  acid,  in  this  spring,  classes 
it  among  the  acidulous  waters. 

In  various  affections  of  the  stomach,  bowels  and 
kidneys,  as  well  as  in  chronic  rheumatism  and 
diseases  of  the  skin,^  the,  Bladen  waters  would 
prove  valuable. 

Bailey's  SpiUNa  is  in  Lauderdale  County,  nine 
miles  from  Florence,  and  fourteen  from  Tuscum- 
bia.  The  water  is  cool,  transparent,  and  essen- 
tially tasteless. 

It  has  been  chemically  examined  by  Dr.  Curry, 
of  Knoxville,  and  is  shown  to  contain  sulphuretted 
hydrogen,  carbonic  acid,  carbonates  of  soda  and 
magnesia,  oxide  of  iron  in  union  with  carbonic 
acid,  carbonate  of  potash  and  chloride  of  sodium. 

The  composition  of  this  water  shows  that  it 
-would  prove  valuable  in  the  various  functional 


BppEQ 


Gained, 
cubic  inchet. 


SPRIN08  09   MISSISSIPPI. 


403 


disorders  of  the  abdominal  and  pelvic  organs,  in 
mercurial  diseases,  and  generally  in  chronic 
affections  of  the  skin,  as  well  as  in  rheumatism 
and  gout. 

Besides  the  springs  before  noticed,  the  Talla- 
HATTA  Speings  are  much  visited  by  persons  in  that 
part  of  the  State.  These  waters  are  said  to  con- 
tain sulphur,  magnesia,  lime,  and  the  salts  of 
iron. 


carbonate  of 
ipring,  classes 

b,  bowels  and 
umatism  and 
waters  would 


County,  nine 
Tom  Tuscum- 
t,  and  essen- 

)y  Dr.  Curry, 
I  sulphuretted 
i  of  soda  and 
irith  carbonic 
ie  of  sodium . 

hows  that  it 
as  functional 


CHAPTER  XXXI.  ^ 

SPRIKOS  OF    MIS8IS«IPPL 
Ciwjwr'*  Wel^Oetan  8pring$. 

Cooper's  Well  is    the    most    noted    mineral- 
fountain  in  Mississippi ;    it  is  in  the  County  of 
Hinds,  twelve  miles  west  of  Jackson,  and  four 
from  Raymond,  the  shire  town  of  the  county,  and 
near  the  Jackson  Railroad. 

The  water  rises  in  an  Artesian  well,  one  hundred 
and  seven  feet  deep,  through  solid  sandstone  rock. 
The  surrounding  country  is  broken  and  diversified, 
and  is  thought  to  be  dry  and  salubrious.  The 
water  of  this  well  is  an  active  saline  chalybeate. 


^M^&Mkd^^ 


404  SPRINGS  OF  MISSISSIPPI. 

An  analysis  of  one  gallon  of  the  water,  by  Dr. 
J.  Lawrence  Smith,  gives  in  gaseous  contents: — 

Oxygen 65  cubic  inchee. 

Nitrogen ; 4-5         <« 

Carbonic  acid 4-0         «« 

Solid  contents : — 

Sulphate  of  soda 11-705  grains. 

"       of  magnesia 28-280  " 

"      of  lime , te-132  " 

"       of  potash ..0-606  " 

"       of  alumina 6.120  " 

Chloride  of  sodium 8-860  " 

"       of  calcium 4-822  " 

"       of  magnesium 8-480  " 

Peroxide  of  iron 8-862  " 

Crenate  of  lime 0-811 

Creibte  of  siUca .,., i-goi  " 

105-471      " 

The  deposit  obtained  by  evaporating  the  water 
contains  in  one  hundred  and  five  grains  — 

W«*ef 88  grains. 

Chloride  of  Ume 2      " 

Bulphateof  lime 25      " 

Peroxide  of  iron „„ 26      " 

This  water  is  said  to  lose  none  of  its  qualities 
by  being  kept  from  the  fountain. 

The  water  of  Cooper's  Well  enjoys  a  high  repu- 
tation in  dyspepsia  and  the  various  intestinal 


cooper's  well. 


405 


water,  by  Dr. 
IB  contents : — 

cubic  inches. 


1-705 

grains. 

8-280 

« 

2-133 

« 

0-606 

« 

6.120 

u 

8-860 

« 

4-822 

<t 

8-480 

u 

8-863 

« 

9-811 

=» 

1-801 

ii 

S-471 

II 

ng  the  water 

ns  — 

.•88  grains. 


its  qnalities 

a  high  repu- 
18  intestinal 


diseases  of  long  standing  ;  in  liver  complaints, 
chronic  inflammation  of  the  bladder,  in  dropsy, 
and  especially  in  chrmic  diarrhcea.  Its  analysis 
shows  that  it  is  a  medicinal  agent  of  very  decided 

powers. 

Dr.  Foster's  case,  as  reported  by  Dr.  I.  M.  Sims, 
of  Montgomery,  Alabama,  is  very  remarkable. 
It  was  a  chronic  diarrhoea  in  its  worst  form, 
emaciation  extreme,  skin  dry,  eyes  sunken,  ex^ 
pression  so  ghastly  as  to  cause  a  lady  to  faint  at 
sight  of  him,  small  dnd  feeble  pulse,  frequent 
and  copious  digestions  from  the  bowels.  Dr.  P. 
commenced  by  taking  a  wine  glass  full  of  the 
water  four  times  during  the  day,  gradually  in- 
creasing the  amount  until  he  drank  a  pint  in  the 
course  of  the  day.  In  eight  weeks  he  was  cured, 
and  returned  home  a  well  man. 

The  medical  properties  of  this  w«ter  are  cathartic 
or  aperient,  according  to  quantity,  diuretic,  sudori- 
fic, tonic  and  alterative,  all  of  which  are  possessed 
in  a  high  degree.  It  is  adapted  to  an  extensive 
range  of  disease,  chiefly  chronic.  The  digestive, 
nutritive  and  secretory  functions  are  brought 
directly  into  action  from  almost  any  point  of  de- 
rangement. As  an  alterative,  it  is  unequaled  by 
any  medicine,  either  simple  or  compound,  yet  in  use. 
The  numerous  class  of  diseases,  unmanageable  in 
the  hands  of  physicians,  relieved  by  this  water,  re- 
commend it  entirely  to  the  medical  profession. 
And  both  the  promptness  and  certainty  of  its 


imii»iiii';iwi.iiiiiii|nii-|i|iiii|iti|iii|i 


406  ,    SPRINOS  OF  MISSI^IPPI. 

action  entitle  it  to  the  highest  consideration  of 
the  invalid.  Dyspepsia  in  all  its  forms,  and  at 
any  stage,  chronic  diarrhoea,  ^  utterly  hopeless 
under  medical  treatment,  dropsies,  and  the  multi- 
tude of  affections  subjected  to  alterative  and  tonic 
treatment,  are  controlled  by  its  agency.  The 
whole  glandular  system  is  powerfully  aroused, 
including,  of  course,  the  biliary  secretion.  Its 
chalybeate  properties  enrich  the  blood,  imparting 
tone  and  vigor  to  the  system,  and  the  quantity  of 
carbonic  acid  gas  with  which  the  water  is  charged 
is  immediately  perceptible  from  its  proper  ex- 
hilarating influence. 

While  as  a  remedy  in  that  scourge  of  the  South, 
chronic  diarrhoea,  this  water  may  be  looked  to 
generally  with  great  hope ;  a  careful  discrimina- 
tion is  nevertheless  necessary  in  using  it  in  such 
caties,  for,  if  the  diarrhoea  be  connected  with,  or 
dependent'upon,  a  diseased  condition  of  the  lungs, 
it  would*  prove  positively  injurious,  and  hasten 
a  fatal  tendency. 

The  OcKAsr  Springs  are  situated  in  the  pine  hills 
of  Jackson  County,  five  miles  from  the  town  of 
Biloxi,  half  a  mile  from  Biloxi  Bay,  and^  near 
Fort  Bayou. 

One  gallon  of  this  water  has  in  gaseous  con- 
tents : — 

Carbonic  add 4-982  gndna. 

Sulphuretted  hydrogen 0-481      " 


ii..iii(,*«i5i-.-.»ii^'  =,"j>it. 


OCEAN  gPBINOS. 


40T 


•nsideration  of 
forms,  and  at 
terly  hopeless 
and  the  multt- 
itive  and  tonic 
agency.  The 
fully  aroused, 
ecretion.  Its 
od,  imparting 
he  quantity  of 
iter  is  charged 
tg  proper  ex- 

3  of  the  South, 
he  looked  to 
ul  discrimina- 
ling  it  in  such 
ected  with,  or 
n  of  the  lungs, 
s,  and  hasten 


In  solid  contents : — 

Chloride  of  Bodlum *. ^^O  gnbi». 

"      of  calcium 8889 

"      of  magnesiuin^ ^''^SO 

Protoxide  of  iron **'''12 

With  traeei  of  iodine,  organic  matter,  chloride  of  potassium  and 

alumiii^ 

Dr.  Bell,  in  quoting  Dr..  J.  Laurence  Smith, 
remarks,  that  the  iron  is  douhtless  in  comhination 
with  hoth  the  sulphuretted  hydrogen  and  carbonic 
acid  gases ;  the  excess  of  carbonic  acid  holding 
both  these  combinations  in  solution. 

Dr.  Austin,  of  New  Orleans,  in  a  letter  to  Dr. 
Bell,  states  that  striking  cures  have  been  wrought 
by  these  waters  in  many  chronic  diseases  ;  among 
them  are  affections  of  the  skin,  scrofula,  dyspepsia, 
and  strumous  ophthalmia. 

The  Ocean  Springs  are  very  easy  of  approach 
both  from  New  Ojleans  and  Mobile,  being  about 
ninety  miles  distant  from  both  places.     ■ 


1  the  pine  hills 
a.  the  town  of 
)ay,  and  near 

t  gaseous  con- 


4-682  gndna. 
.0-481      " 


408 


8PRIN0S  0?   ARKANSAS. 


CHAPTER  XXXII. 

8PRIN0S  OP  ARKANSAS. 

The  Hot  Springs  of  Arkamsab,  commonly  known 
as  the  Washita  Springs,  are  among  thd  most  re- 
markable thermal  fountains  in  the  world. 

They  are  located  in  Hot  Springs  County,  latitude 
84°  6',  longitude  16°  1\  about  fifty-five  miles 
southwest  from  Little  Rock.  Hot  Spring  Valley 
runs  due  north  and  south  between  the  two  spurs 
of  the  Ozark  Mounlains,  through  which  a  bold 
creek  heads  its  way  over  an  almost  unbroken  bed 
of  (date,  emptying  into  the  Ouachita  river,  about 
five  miles  distant. 

Hot  Springs  Mountain  lies  on  the  east  of  the 
valley,  from  the  west  side  of  which  gush  the  Hot 
Springs,  arising  upwards  of  two  hundred  feet 
from  the  level  of  the  valley,  and  from  the  very 
base,  and  many  from  the  bottom  of  the  creek ;  the 
valley  is  a,bout  three  hundred  feet  wide,  and 
eight  hundred  yards  in  length.  Fifty-four  hot 
springs  have  been  tested  in  temperature,  whilst 
many  at  the  bottom  of  the  creek,  and  under  the 
ledges,  cannot,  except  with  too  great  labor. 
About  350  gallons  of  hot  water  is  discharged  into 


y«g^gg.?*!C' 


HOT  tiPRIMOS. 


409 


monly  known 
thd  most  re- 
rorld. 

untj,  latitude 
rty-fiye  miles 
Spring  Valley 
the  two  spurs 
which  a  bold 
unbroken  bed 
»  river,  about 

e  east  of  the 
gush  the  Hot 
hundred  feet 
rom  the  very 
he  creek ;  the 
}t  wide,  and 
rifty-four  hot 
ature,  whilst 
ad  under  the 
great  labor, 
■charged  into 


the  creek  per  minute  from  said  fifty-four  springs, 
which   nflFords    the    enormous   yield  of   504,000 
gallons  in  tweuty-four  hours.     The  largest  spring 
discharges  60  gallons  of  hot  water  per  minute  at 
temperature  of  148°,  and  will  cook  eggs  in  fifteen 
minutes.    There  is  only  one  hot  spring  on  the 
west  side  of  the  creek,  called  the  alum,  and  im- 
mediately opposite,  on  the  east  side,  one  of  sulphur, 
though  very  slightly  impregnated  with  either. 
There  are  only  four  cold  water  springs  in  the  vi- 
cinity of  the  Hot  Springs,  viz :  one  Chalybeate  70° 
temperature,  south  end  of  valley,  two  Freestone 
70°  temperature,  north  end,  and  one  Chalybeate 
69°,  quarter  mile  north-east.       There  are  two 
wells  in  the  valley  about  20  feet  deep,  70°  tem- 
perature.    Water  boils  on  the  summit  of  Hot 
Spring  Mountain  at  208°,  scant  520  feet  elevation 
for  each  degreo,  less  212  degrees,  gives  nearly 
2,100  feet  above  level  of  the  sea.    In  Hot  Springs 
Valley  water  boils  at   209°,  which  makes   hot 
Springs  Mountain  560  feet  above  the  valley. 

On  the  summit  of  the  mountain  are  heavy  pine 
and  oak  timber,  abounding  with  clusters  of  grape- 
vines, huge  masses  of  quartz  rock,  apparently 
upheaved  by  some  convulsion  of  nature ;  imme- 
diately below  the  summit,  sharp  cornered  broken 
honey-comb  rocks,  with  sparkling  surfaces;  still 
lower,  a  heavy  undergrowth  of  pini?s  and  other 
trees,  and  from  thence,  where  the  Hot  Springs 
flow  to  the  base,  calcarious  tufa. 
8S 


■iM'**Wfe*iti.«Wi*"*li'^  'It  iiWiiii  1 


410 


SPRIKOS  or  ARKANSAS. 


The  temperature  of  thirty  of  these  springs  as 
measured  by  Fahrenheit  thermometer,  is  as  fol- 
lows : — 

RECTOR  SPRINGS. 

1  spring „ 148<» 

a  "  120» 

8  "  128- 

4  "  , 146» 

6  "  , 1070 

6  "  , 188» 

7  "  chalybeate 146° 

8  "  mudbath. 140° 

9  "  , 128° 

10  "  148° 

Analysis  of  these  Hot  Springs,  as  tested  by 
David  Dale  Owen,  M.  D.,  Geologist  of  Arkansas, 
and  E.  P.  Cox,  yiz :  Carbonate  of  Lime — Silicate 
of  Magnesia,  and  a  trace  of  Iron. 

BALE'S  HOT  SPRmOS. 

1  spring „ „...,..180° 

«     "    110* 

8     « 148° 

4     " 120° 

8  "     108° 

9  "  ' » 148° 

7  "    Hog  apring. 148° 

8  • 188° 

9  "     148° 

10  " .180° 

11  Pool  of  Bethesda  or  mndbath    110° 

winter,  118°  spring,  and  in  m<nith    ' 
July ~ 118° 


^mmm^^smm^ 


i»n>ji«W«i'mii**Wi<v  1 1 


HOT  SPRINOS. 


411 


se  springs  as 
iter,  is  as  fol- 


M  tested  by 
of  Arkansas, 
ime — Silicate 


i2Bprtog ~ lao" 

18  "  180" 

14  "  .t 100» 

IB  "  Bulphur" 128» 

16  "  Alum 184" 

17  yery  mmU '• 1W» 

18  used  for  drinking  and  called  anenic IdtP 

19  Next  to  and  Very  large IdV 

20  Mud  bath  adjoining.. 124° 

It  will  be  perceived  tbat  these  Springs  differ  in' 
temperature  from  100°  to  148'^  Fah.  These  results 
were  arrived  at  by  testing  them  at  three  different 
hours  of  the  day,  viz :  between  4  and  6  o'clock 
A.  M.,  12  M.,  and  between  4  and  6  P.  M.  There 
is  no  perceptible  difference  in  the  temperatme 
tested  at  those  several  periods. 

The  vapor  hatha  that  have  been  constructed 
here,  stand  at  112°,  the  doucke,  a  spirit  bath,  at 
120°,  and  the  saving  bath  at  116°,  the  two  latter 
varying  slightly,  from  the  negligence  of  the 
attendants. 

The  analysts,  by  Dr.  Owen,  of  what  is  termed 
the  Jiect<yr  House  WeUf  shows  it  to  contain  bi-carbo- 
nates  of  lime,  magnesia  and  iron,  sub-carbonates  of 
magnesia,  iron  and  soda,  chloride  of  sodium,  and 
sulphates  of  soda  and  magnesia  in  small  quanti- 
ties. 

The  medicinal  effects  of  this  water,  internally 
used,  is  slightly  aperientf  anti-acid,  and  tonic. 

It  has  been  observed  by  Dr.  Owen  that  all 
springs,  wells,  and  water  courses  of  this  region  of 


412 


SPRINOS  OF    ARKANSAS. 


country,  partake  of  some  mineral  impregnation  in 
a  greater  or  less  degree. 

A  heavy  fog  continually  hangs  over  these 
springs,  and  upon  the  sides  of  the  mountains, 
giving  the  neighhorhood  the  appearance,  at  a 
little  distance,  of  a  number  of  furnaces  in  active 
operation. 

The  water  is,  essentially,  tasteless,  very  clear, 
pure  and  transparent,  and  does  not  deposit  sedi- 
ment by  standing. 

Near  the  edges  of  the  springs  is  found  luxu- 
riously growing  a  species  of  green  aJgae,  which 
seems  to  delight  in  these  natural  hot  beds,  while 
the  sides  of  the  mountain  are  covered  with 
luxuriant  vines,  continually  watered  by  the  con- 
densation of  the  vapor  from  the  springs. 

Mr.  Featherstonhaugh,  in  his  Geological  Beport 
of  1835,  remarks  that  th«  lofty  ridges  around 
these  springs  consist  of  old  red  sandstone  forma- 
tion. Upon  the  eastern  ridge  are  found  fragments 
of  the  rock,  often  ferruginous,  with  conglomerate 
united  by  ferruginous  cement.  Upon  the  side  of 
this  ridge  are  found  travertin,  deposited  by  the 
mineral  waters,  extending  the  distance  of  one 
hundred  and  fifty  yards,  resting  upon  the  old  red 
sandstone,  presenting,  sometimes,  abrupt  escarp- 
ments of  from  fifteen  to  twenty  feet,  cv 

A  number  of  these  hot  fountains  arise  through 
the  slate  formation  at  the  base,  of  the  creek, 
numerous   others,    perhaps   upwards  of  thirty. 


"*!»; 


is^ws?S5»i?ersr 


HOT   SPRIMO0. 


413 


pregnation  in 

;s  over  these 

0  mountains, 
learance,  at  a 
ices  in  active 

J,  very  clear, 
deposit  sodi- 

1  found  luxu- 
aJgcus,  which 

>t  beds,  while 
covered  with 
d  by  the  con- 
ings. 

logical  Beport 
idgcs  around 
dstone  forma- 
md  fragments 
conglomerate 
on  the  side  of 
osited  by  the 
itance  of  one 
>n  the  old  red 
>brupt  escarp- 

•  cv 

arise  through 

of  the  creek, 

ds  of  thirty, 


which,  from  their  copiousness,  are  regarded  as 
the  principal  springs,  arise  through  the  old  red 
sandstone  at  different  lioights  on  the  side  of  the 
ridge.    Springs  of  fuller  force,  arising  along  the 
side  of  the  ridge,  are  very  numerous.     Some  issue 
from  ihi  rock  at  an  altitude  of  more  than  one 
hundred  feet  from  the  base  of  the  creek  below. 
This  immense  body  of   hot  water,  occupying  a 
length  of  near  a  quarter  of  a  mile  along  the  base 
of  the  mountains  and  over-pouring  into  thecAek, 
makes  the  most  extensive  pool  for  hot  and  warm 
bathing    known  to  the  world.    So  hot   are  the 
waters  in  this  creek  in  d^y  weather,  when  its 
natural  current  is  reduced,  that  it  is  necessary  to 
go  a  half  or  three-quarters  of  a  mile  below  the 
entrance  of  the  hot  waters,  "before  a  tempdVature 
sufficiently  low  for  bathing  can  be  obtained. 

There  are  other  mineral  springs  in  the  neigh- 
borhood, one  seven  miles  from  Hot  Springs, 
slightly  predominating  with  sulphur.  Another  in 
three  miles,  sulphur  and  chalybeate.  The  chaly- 
beate affords  water  enough  to  drive  a  small  grist 
mill,by  conducting  the  water  through  a  trough. 
These  springs  being  convenient  to  the  Hot 
Springs,  are  much  resorted  to  by  the  invalids,  as 
it  becomes  necessary  to  rest  from  the  laborious  use 
of  and  debilitating  effects  of  the  hot  water. 

At  the  eastern  side  of  the  Hot  Spring  Mountain, 
(immediately  opposite  the    hot   springs   in   the 
valley,)   gushes  a  magnificent   cold  chalybeate, 
85» 


«wa«B?' 


414 


SPRIKGB  09  ARKAKSiS. 


affording  about  five  gallons  of  water  per  minute, 
overshadowed  by  a  perpendicular  cliff  of  quartz 
one  hundred  and  fifty  feet  high ;  temperature  68°; 
which  modestly  commingles  its  salubrious  crys- 
tal with  the  white  waters  of  the  dashing  Gulpher, 
a  bold,  sparkling  creek,  leaping  from  rock  to  rock, 
and  foaming  in  solitary  wildness,  skirting  each 
dale  and  mountain  in  its  hurried  meanderings  to 
the  rugged  bosom  of  the  rocky  Ouachita.  This  is 
a  w<Jnderful  circumstance,  worthy  the  attention  of 
philosophers  and  sages,  that  out  of  the  same 
mountain  should  issue  both  hot  and  cold  wafer ; 
like  unto  Esop's  S&tjf,  who  blew  hot  and  cold 
out  of  the  same  mouth. 

On  account  of  the  strife  existing  between  several 
litigaffts  and  the  General  Government  for  the 
ownership  of  these  famous  Hot  Springs,  (which 
has  been  pending  for  twenty  years,  and  when  the 
right  shall  be  determined  is  quite  uncertain,)  the 
present  occupants  have  been  cautious,  and,  conse- 
quently, the  accommodations  for  visitors  are 
neither  as  extensive  or  convenient  as  is  desirable. 
The  present  capacity  of  the  different  establish- 
ments for  entertaining  company  is  about  six 
hundred. 

These  waters  are  the  best  representatives  we 
have  in  the  Atlantic  States  of  the  European  waters 
of  Baden-Baden,  Wisbaden,  Carlsbad,  andTeplitz 
in  Bohemia. 

They  are  used  internally  as  well  as  externally, 


Pr- 


HOT  SPRINGS. 


415 


r  per  minute, 
iiff  of  quartz 
iperature  68°; 
ubrious  ctjb- 
ing  Gulpher, 
L  rock  to  rock, 
kirting  each 
ianderings  to 
lita.  This  is 
9  attention  of 
>f  the  same 
cold  wafer; 
lot  and  cold 

tween  several 
ent  for  the 
'ings,  (which 
nd  when  the 
certain,)  the 
I,  and,  conse- 
visitors  are 
is  desirable, 
at  establish- 
3    about    six 

entatives  we 
opean  waters 
,  and  Teplitz 

}  exfernally, 


and  possess  valuable  therapeutic  powers.  They  are 
employed  externally  both  as  vapor  and  hot  water 
baths,  by  cooling  down  the  water  to  the  desired 
temperature.  Their  powers  are  greatly  praised 
by  many  who  have  used  them  in  various  chronic 
affection^,  particularly  in  rheumatism,  gout,  scrof- 
ula, diseases  of  the  sMn,  mercurial  diseases,  and 
secondary  lues. 

I  have  had  a  somewhat  large  professional 
observation  of  patients  who  had  been  under  the 
use  of  these  waters  for  various  chronic  affections, 
and  have,  professionally,  sent  patients  there  for 
the  more  intractable  forms  of  mercurial  rheuma- 
tism, and  the  results  of  my  observations  have 
been  very  favorable  as  to  the  therapeutic  power  of 
the  waters. 

The    late    Judge   Watts,    thus    describes   the 
common  method  of  using  these  waters  :* 


*  Mineral  and  Thermal  Springs  of  the  United  States  and 
Canada. 

**The  principal  Spring  at  Badm-Badm  ia  the  Unijprvng,  its 
temperature  is  154°  Fah.  Its  water  contains  184  grains  of  saline 
matter  to  the  gallon,  128  gniaa  of  which  is  chloride  of  sodium. 

There  are  fourteen  diiferent  springs  at  Coraitad,  of  which  the 
Spnidd  is  the  hottest.  Its  temperature  is  168«  Fah.  Two  of  the 
other  springs  are  req>ectiTel7  of  the  temperature  of  144o  g^^ 
187°  Fah.  These  waters  hold  in  solution  about  8S2  grains  of 
solid  matter  to  the  gallon,  condsting  of  the  muriates,  sulphates 
and  carbonates  of  soda,  with  minute  portions  of  iodine  and  iron. 

The  TepUU  8pring$,  (in  Bohemia,)  range  in  temperature  from 
84°  to  120°  Fah.  Their  chief  ingredient  is  the  carbonate  of  soda, 
in  the  proportion  of  about  20  grains  to  the  gallon. 


416 


SPRINGS  OP  ARKANSAS. 


**  The  mode  of  using  the  waters,  most  gener- 
ally, is  by  taking  a  steam  bath.  For  this  purpose 
a  fiinall  building,  fifteen  feet  long  by  five  feet 
"wide,  is  erected.  One  half  of  it  is  used  for  an 
ante-room,  in  which  to  dress  and  undress,  the 
other  half  is  the  bath  room.  The  floor  of  the 
bathing  room  consists  of  slats,  which  are  two 
inches  wide  and  two  inches  apart,  and  is  placed 
over  one  of  these  large  springs  which  issue  from 
the  rock.  The  water  throws  off  the  steam,  which 
rises  between  the  slats.  For  the  first  three  or 
four  minutes  the  body  is  dry,  but  afterwards  a 
profuse  perspiration  breaks  out,  which  runs  from 
every  pore.  The  temperature  of  the  steam  room  is 
116°  Fab.  This  occasions  no  inconvenience,  but 
for  persons  who  apprehend  a  congestion  of  the 
vessels  of  the  head,  a  hole  is  made  through  the 
roof  through  which  a  person  can  breathe  the 
external  air,  the  body  being  immersed  in  steam. 
The  patient  usually  remains  thirty  or  forty 
minutes  in  the  bathing  room,  and,  when  he  comes 
out,  it  is  not  uncommon  for  two  or  three  buckets 
of  cold  water  to  be  thrown  over  him  in  the  dress- 
ing room.  There  is  no  danger  of  taking  cold  if 
the  most  ordinary  precaution  is  used.  It  is  not 
unusual  to  take  a  steam  bath  in  the  forenoon  and 
tt  water  bath  in  the  afternoon.  The  water  bath  is 
frequently  taken  in  a  creek,  into  which  all  the  hot 
Springs  run."  When  the  water  is  used  for  tub 
bathing  it  is  allowed  to  stand  for  some  hours 
until  it  cools  to  the  desired  temperature. 


j.»«^A.awiB<  '4M**ij! 


SPBINOS  OF   FLORIDA. 


m 


9,  most  gener- 
)r  this  purpose 
g  by  five  feet 
s  used  for  an 
I  undress,  the 
e  floor  of  the 
hich  are  two 
and  is  placed 
ch  issue  from 
!  steam,  which 
first  three  or 
;  afterwards  a 
ich  runs  from 
)  steam  room  is 
ivenience,  but 
restion  of  the 
}  through  the 
I  breathe  the 
sed  in  steam. 
;rty  or  forty 
irhen  he  comes 
three  buckets 
I  in  the  dress- 
taking  cold  if 
ed.  It  is  not 
forenoon  and 
water  bath  is 
ch  all  the  hot 
used  for  tub 
r  some  hours 
ure. 


In  reference  to  the  common  dread  of  taking 
cold  from  hot  baths,  Dr.  Bull  has  clearly  shown 
by  physiological  reasoning,  and  experience  abun- 
dantly verifies  the  correctness  of  his  positions, 
that  there  is  less  danger  of  cold  being  taken  when 
the  nervous  and  vascular  system  is  somewhat 
excited,  than  when  they  are  in  an  opposite  condi- 
tion. 

About  three  miles  from  the  Hot  Springs  there 
is  a  chalybeate  spring,  which  is  said  to  be  of  very 
fine  quality. 

In  Mmtgomery  County,  forty  miles  from  the  Hot 
Springs,  is  a  spring  known  as  ''Bill  Iron's  Scdt 
Sulphur,"  which  is  said  to  possess  highly  exhilira- 
ting  properties,  so  much  so  as  to  produce  the 
peculiar  symptoms  of  incipt^nt  intoxication. 

SPRINGS  OF  PLORTOA. 

There  are  light  sulphurous  waters  in  various 
parts  of  Florida,  but  none  have  become  places  of 
large  visitation.  Among  these  may  be  mentioned 
the  Sulphur  Spring  near  Tampa.  It  arises  from  a 
bed  of  limestone.  The  water  is  remarkably  clear 
and  transparent,  and  forms  a  basin  at  its  source 
eighteen  fiet  deep. 

There  are  several  springs  on  the  St.  John's  and 
Suwannee  rivers,  known  as  the  Magnolia,  the 
Walake,  and  the  Enterprise  Springs— all  sul- 
phurous. 


418 


SPBINGS    OF   FLOiUPA. 


At  the  Magnolia,  a  acmatarium  has  been  estab- 
lished for  the  reception  of  invalids  who  may  wish 
to  spend  the  winter  in  that  climate. 

We  are  told  by  a  writer  in  the  Floridian 
Journal,  that  Florida  greatly  ahmnda  in  mineral 
waters,  and  that  their  solid  contents  consist 
generally  of  the  sulphates  of  lime,  soda  and 
magnesia,  with  oxide  of  iron.  Their  gaseous  con- 
tents of  sulphuretted  hydrogen,  carbonic  acid  and 
nitrogen  gases.  But  too  little,  as  yet,  is  known  of 
these  springs  to  determine  with  certainty  their 
relative  or  positive  merits, 


MINERAL  SPRINGS  OF  NEW  YORK. 


IS  been  estab- 
who  may  wish 

the  Fhridian 
nda  in  mineral 
itents  consist 
ne,  soda  and 
r  gaseous  con- 
bonic  acid  and 
it,  is  known  of 
jrtaintf  theiy 


CHAPTER  XXXni. 

MINERAL  SPRINGS  OP  NEW  YORK. 

8ar<aoga  and  BaOgUm  Ofoup—Conffnu—Putnum^Paviaion— 
Union— High  Boek-Iodina—Flat  Boek—HamUonr-WtuMng- 
tffnr-Empin—At  BaOrion—Sani  Sowt—Lovfi  WOr—Parh 
WM—Nea  and  (M  Wa$hington  Bpringa—Suiphnr  Bpringt— 
ClauifieaHon  xff  Waten—Oeologieal  pot^on^ThemaUxaiitm  qf 
Waten—Analytii  qf  «ft«  variotu  8pring$,  dte.,  die. 

Next  to  Virginia,  New  York  is  more  distin- 
guished for  the  number  and  variety  of  her  mineral 
springs  than  any  State  of  the  Union.  With  less 
variety  in  the  composition  of  her  waters  than 
Virginia,  she  nevertheless  possesses  some  of  very 
high  medicinal  character,  and  that  have  more 
largely  attracted  public  attention  than  any  other 
waters  in  America.  I  allude,  of  course,  to  the 
distinguished  group  known  as  the  Saratoga  and 
BaUston  Springs.  This  entire  group  possejsses 
essentially  the  same  properties  and  virtues  ;  the 
difference  between  the  several  springs  consisting 
merely  in  the  proportions  of  their  relative  gaseous 
and  saline  contents.  * 

The  famous  series  of  springs  at  Saratoga,  cora- 
prise  the  several    springs    known    as  Congiesa, 


-sie-' 


420 


MINERAL  SPRINOS  OF  KBW  YORK. 


Putmtm,  Pavillion,  Union,  High  Sock,  Iodine,  Flat 
Bock,  Hamilton,  Columbian,  Washington  and  Em- 
pire. 

Of  late  years  public  preference  seems  to  have 
concentrated  on  the  Congress  Spring,  Although 
the  water  of  this  fountain  contains,  in  an  essential 
degree,  the  ingredients  found  in  all  the  other 
springs  composing  the  group,  the  distinguished 
preference  given  to  it  over  the  others,  is  probably 
owing  as  much  to  accidental  circumstances  and  the 
caprice  of  fashion,  as  to  any  well  considered  medi- 
cinal superiority  over  its  neighboring  compeers. 

The  village  of  Ballston  Spa  lies  about  seven 
miles  south-west  from  Saratoga.  The  large  resort 
to  this  place,  on  account  of  its  mineral  springs, 
make  it,  like  Saratoga,  a  place  of  considerable 
notoriety. 

The  mineral  springs  of  BaUston,  comprise  the 
Sans  Souci,  Low's  Park,  the  New  and  the  Old 
Washington  Springs,  and  the  Stdphur  Spring. 

The  waters  of  Ballston,  with  the  exception  of 
the  Sulphur  Spring,  evidently  belong  to  the  same 
class  with  those  of  the  Saratoga  group.  And 
although  they  do  not  contain  quite  so  large  a  pro- 
portion of  saline  qualities  as  some  of  the  Sara- 
toga fountains,  they  are,  nevertheless,  entitled  to 
rank  high  among  the  acidulous  chalybeate  waters 
of  our  country.  • 

In  classifying  the  Saratoga  and  Ballston  springs, 
we  may  well  regard  them  as  acidido-saline  or  car- 


WJMiiillW 


ORK. 

h,  Iodine,  Flat 
ngton  and  Em- 

t 
seems  to  have 

ng.     Although 

in  an  essential 

all  the  other 

I  distinguished 

)TS,  is  probably 

stances  and  the 

msidered  medi- 

Qg  compeers. 

es  about  seven 

rhe  large  resort 

ineral  springs, 

)f  considerable 


SARAToaA  AND   BALL8I0N. 


4S1 


,  comprise 
y  and  the 


the 
Old 
!tr  Spring. 
be  exception  of 
ng  to  the  same 
k  group.  And 
so  large  a  pro- 
e  of  the  Sara- 
ess,  entitled  to 
Eilybeate  waters 

Eillston  springs, 
lo-scdine  or  car- 


bonated  saline  waters. 
carbonic  acid  gas,  and 


Their 


large  amount  of 
carbonates,   with   their 


heavy  impregnation    with    chloride  of   sodium, 
distinctly  assign  them  to  this  class. 

This  extensive  group  of  mineral  fountains,  we 
are  told  by  Dr.  Steel,*  "are  found  along  the 
southern  termination  of  the  secondary,  and  in  the 
immediate  vicinity  of  the  transit'  :    formation. 
They  are  scattered  along  a  lino     '  ining  nearly  . 
east  and  west  for  a  distance  of  about  twenty  miles. 
At  Ballston   Spa   there  are  a  number  of  these 
springs,  some  of  which  make  their  appearance  at 
the  surface  through   alluvial  deposits  of  plastic 
clay,  or  marl  and  sand,  while  others  haye  been 
obtained  by  boring  to  a  considerable  depth  in  the 
transition   slate  which  here  forms  the  basis  on 
which  rests  the  alluvial  deposit.     Between   this 
place  and  the  village  of  Saratoga  there  are  several 
of  these  fountains  of  less  note,  situated  both  in 
transition  and  secondary  formations.     At  Saratoga 
they  are  more  numerous  and  diversified  in  their 
sensible  qualities  than  at  any  other  place.    They 
discover  themselves  in  great  numbers  for  the  dis- 
tance of  more  than  a  mile  along  the  valley,  in 
marl,  which  rests  on  secondary  limestone.     They 
occur  again  in  the  south-east  part  of  the  old  town 
of  Saratoga,  at  a  place  called  the  Quaker  Springs. 


♦Analysis  of  the  mineral  waters  of  Saratoga  and  Ballston. 
86 


iMwyii|.|[Hi»«iMtt)||iigAiiHj|!-'  ■"  ~. 


.wmmu'^'mm^^'H^'!  - 


422 


BUNERAL  SPBINQS  OF  NBW  YORK. 


The  rock  formation  at  this  place  is  transition 
slate." 

Professor  Mather  regards  these  springs  as  being 
on,  or  near  the  junction  of  limestone  with  a  talcy 
slate,  and  that  they  are  adjacent  to  faults  in  the 
strata,  or  where  the  strata  are  greatly  deranged 
in  position.  ^11  these  springs  are  slightly  thermal 
when  compared  with  the  temperature  of  the  earth 
from  which  they  arise.  Professor  M.  thinks  it 
probable  that  similar  springs  may  be  found  along 
the  great  line  of  disturbance  in  other  parts  of 
New  York,  as  well  as  in  Vermont  and  Massachu- 
setts. The  great  Apalachian  chain  of  geological 
upheaving;^,  extending  almost  through  the  centre 
of  Virginia,  and  furnishing  such  an  extensive  series 
of  thermal  and  medicated  waters,  is  probably  on 
the  same  or  a  parallel  axis  with  that  which  gives 
the  famous  waters  of  Saratoga  and  Ballston. 

The  fact  that  the  various  springs  of  Saratoga 
and  Ballston,  hold  in  solution  essentially  the 
same  ingredients,  and  differ  from  each  other  only 
in  the  quantity  of  ingredients  common  to  all,  goes 
to  show  that  they  derive  their  distinctive  qualities 
from  one  common  source ;  but  are  modified  to 
some  extent  in  their  passage  to  the  surface  of  tbe 
earth  by  the  peculiar  character  of  the  different 
strata  through  which  they  have  passed. 
"If,"  says  Dr.  Bell,*  "we  admit  the  correct- 


*  Mineral  and  Thermal  waters  of  the  United  States  and  Canada 


'ORK. 


SARATOGA  AND  BALUTON. 


423 


I  is  transition 

rings  as  being 
16  with  a  talcy 
>  faults  in  the 
atly  deranged 
ghtly  thermal 
re  of  the  earth 

M.  thinks  it 
>e  found  along 
tther  parts  of 
nd  Massachu- 
i  of  geological 
igh  the  centre 
Etensive  series 
9  probably  on 
t  which  gives 
allston. 
;s  of  Saratoga 
sentially  the 
ch  other  only 
•n  to  all,  goes 
tive  qualities 

modified  to 
lurface  of  the 
the  difierent 
5d. 

the  correct- 
itea  and  Canada 


nesB  of  Dr.  Daubeny's  observation,  that  the  tern-, 
pcrature  of  the  water  of  the  Congress  spring  at 
Saratoga,  61^  Fah.,  is  three  or  four  degrees  above 
the  mean  temperature  of  the  earth  at  this  place, 
we  ct  n  give  credence  to  the  opinion  of  the  thermal 
origin  of  the  water,  and  of  the  mode  of  extrication 
of  the  /carbonic  acid  so  largely  found  ;   it  being 
brought  about    by  subterranean   heat  acting  on 
limestone  rocks.    The  first  process  would  consist 
of  the  junction  of  carbonic  acid  coming  through 
the  clefts  and  small  canals,  with  the  meteoric  water 
which  had  reached  its  greatest  depth,  and  was 
beginning  to  rise  in  larger  canals.    The  second 
process  would  be  the  decomposition  and  solution 
of  portions  of  certain  rocks,  and  the  formation  of 
acidulous  springs,  rich  in  carbonic  acid  and  carbon- 
ates.   The  same  heat  which  would  drive  off  car- 
bonic acid  from  limestone,  would  readily  raise  the 
temperature  of  the  meteoric  water  which  finds  its 
way  into  the  interior  of  the  earth,  and  we  should 
then    have   thermal,— warm    and    hot    springs. 
Reasoning  in  this  way,  we  can  easily  adopt  the 
views  of  those  who  maintain  that  carbonated  and 
thermal  springs  are  similar  in  their  mineral,  and 
still  more  in  their  geological  position,  and  seem 
to  be  plainly  referable  to  the  same  system  of 
causes." 

Admitting  the  correctness  of  the  supposition  that 
subterranean  heat  may  b^  sufficient  to  eliminate 
carbonic  acid  froi?ilim9sto»e,and8otoheat  meteoric 


424 


MINERAL  8PRIN0S  OF  KKW   TOBK. 


water  in  the  bowels  of  the  earth  as  to  return  it  to 
the  surface  in  the  form  of  hot  and  warm  springs ;  a 
question  for  the  curious  still  remains  to  be  mooted. 
Is  this  subterranean  heat  volcanic,  and  conse- 
quently local,  or  is  it  from  the  great  "central 
heat "  of  the  earth,  contended  for  by  Mr.  Daubeny 
and  others?  Many  geological  appearances  in  the 
regions  in  which  we  find  thermal  waters,  not  to 
mention  the  extensive  upheavings  and  displace- 
ment of  strata  generally  found  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  such  springs,  lend  some  countenance  to 
the  volcanic  origin  of  si^ch  waters.  On  the  other 
hand,  the  theory  of  the  central  heat-of  the  earth, 
which  alleges  that  the  earth's  heat  increases  about 
one  degree  for  every  hundred  feet  we  descend  in  it, 
while  it  has  been  occasionally  sustained  by  deep 
artesian  borings,  has  on  the  other  hand  been  so 
often  refuted  by  such  borings,  that  it  seems  unsafe, 
in  the  absence  of  more  conclusive  proof,  to  adopt 
it  as  a  fixed  and  well  determined  fact. 


CONGRESS  SPRING. 

The  following  is  the  analysis  of  the  Congress 
water,  as  made  by  Dr.  Steel  :r- 

He  states  that  the  temperature  of  the  water  is 
50°.     Dr.  Daubeny  marks  it  at  51°  Tah. 

Both  its  temperature  and  quantity  is  said  to  be 
the  same  at  all  seasons. 


ORK. 


SARATOGA   AND  BAUiJTOX. 


415 


to  return  it  to 
rtn  springs ;  a 
3  to  be  mooted. 
c,  and  conse- 
reat  "central 
•  Mr.  Daubeny 
arances  in  the 
waters,  not  to 

and  displacc- 

the  neighbor- 
;ountenance  to 

On  tbe  other 
b«of  the  earth, 
ncreases  about 
descend  in  it, 
ined  by  deep 
hand  been  so 

seems  unsafe, 
roof,  to  adopt 
t. 


the  Congress 

the  water  is 
P'ah. 
is  said  to  be 


One  gallon  of  the  water  yields  : — 

Chloride  of  sodhun 8850 

Hydriodote  of  soda 8'5 

Carbonate  of  soda ^ 

Bi-Carbonate  of  soda 8-«8a 

Carbonate  of  magnesia. 

Bi-Carbonate  of  magnesia 06'788 

Carbonate  of  lime 98008 

Carbonate  of  iron " 8"075 

Bilica 1-8 

Hydrobromate  of  potassa* ......  ..>«. a  trace. 

607-948 

Gaseous  contents : — 

*  • 

Carbonic  acid < 811  cubic  inclies. 

Atmospheric  air i....  ..    7  " 

818  " 

Dr.  Chilton's  examinations  of  this  water,  as 
given  by  Dr.  North,  differs  somewhat  from  the 
above.  He  found  a  minute  portion  of  alum, 
sulphate  of  soda,  iodide  of  sodium,  and  bromide 
of  potassium,  to  the  amount  of  6'920  grains  to 
the  gallon  of  water.  According  to  his  estimates 
the  solid  and  gaseous  contents  of  the  water,  in  one 
gallon,  is  as  follows  :— 

Solid  contents 548998  grains. 

Carbonic  acid  284-65,  atmospheric  air  541 -=20006  cubic  inches. 

Iodine  was  first  discovered  in  these  waters  in 
1828,  and  was  announced  in  the  American  Journal 
86* 


426 


MINERAL  8PRIN08  OF  NEW   YORK. 


of  Sclonco  in  1829.  In  1830,  Mr.  A.  A.  Hoyn 
detected  bromine  and  potash  in  the  water.  The 
quantity  of  these  ingredients  is,  however,  very 
small,  and  to  detect  them  with  certainty  it  is 
necessary  to  operate  on  a  large  quantity. 

PuTNUM  Sprino.— This  spring,  bearing  the 
name  of  its  proprietor,  is  regarded  as  the  richest 
chalybeate  in  the  Saratoga  group.  It  is  reported 
as  containing  7  grains  of  the  carbonate  of  iron  to 
the  gallon,  in  addition  to  the  salts  common  to  it 
and  the  other  springs.  This,  comparatively,  is  a 
heavy  chalybeate  impregnation.  The  famous 
Pyrment  Spring,  in.  Westphalia,  that  enjoys,  per- 
haps, the  largest  European  reputation  as  an  iron 
tonic,  contains,  agreeably  to  the  analysis  of  M. 
Westrum,  but  8^  grains  of  iron  to  the  gallon  ; 
while  the  celebrated  PowJtow,  at  Spa,  in  Belgium, 
little  if  any  less  distinguished  as  a  chalybeate 
tonic,  contains  but  5-24  of  iron  to  the  gallon, 
according  to  the  analysis  of  the  celebrated  Berg- 
mann. 

Paviltjon  Spring.— The  saline  contents  of  the 
water  of  this  Spring  is  less  than  the  Congress, 
being  311-71  grains  in  the  gallon.  It,  however, 
exceeds  the  latter  in  the  proportion  of  its  carbonic 
acid,  of  which  it  has  359*05  cubic  inches  to  the 
gallon.  This  Spring  is  near  the  Columbian  Hotel, 
and  not  far  from  the  centre  of  the  town. 

•  ■  ■  ■  I 

Union  Spring.— By  Dr.  Chilton's  analysis,  the 


OBIt. 

.  A.  At  Hayn 
J  water.  The 
however,  very 
ertainty  it  in 
itity. 

bearing  the 
as  the  richest 
It  is  reported 
late  of  iron  to 
common  to  it 
aratively,  is  a 

The  famous 
at  enjoys,  per- 
on  as  an  iron 
nalysis  of  M. 
)  the  gallon  ; 
i,  in  Belgium, 

a  chalybeate 
0  the  gallon, 
[ebrated  Bcrg- 

jntents  of  the 
the  Congress, 
It,  however, 
of  its  carbonic 
inches  to  the 
umbian  Hotel, 
)wn. 

analysis,  the 


SA^ATOOA  ATXD  BALLSTON. 


4Vt 


water  of  this  spring  is  sJiown  to  contain  392l)0T 
grains  of  solid  contents  in  the  gallon.  Its  amount 
of  carbonic  acid  is  somewhat  lees  than  is  found  in 
the  Pavillion,  being  344-16  cubic  inches  in  the 
gallon  of  water.  This  spring  is  in  the  eastern 
part  of  the  town,  and  not  far  from  the  road  leading 
to  Schuylerville. 

Hiou  Rock.— This  Spring,  with  its  conical  en- 
closure of  calcareous  tu/a,  evidently  the  deposit  of 
its  own  waters,  deserves  to  be  regarded  among  the 
interesting  curiosities  of  our  country      The  ven- 
erable Dr.  Seaman  remarks,  in   refer,  nco  to  it, 
that  if  it   "had  been  upon  the  bonfers  of   tho 
Lago  d'Agnano,  the  noted  (7ro«o  del  Caui,  which 
burthens  almost  every  book  which  treats  upon  th« 
carbonic  acid  gas  since  the  peculiar  properties  .i" 
that  air  have  been  known,  would  never  have  been 
heard  of  beyond  the  environs  of  Naples,  while 
this  fountain,  in  its  place,  would  have  been       - 
servedly   celebrated  in   story,   and   spread   »  pon 
canvass,  to  the  admiration  of  the  world,  as  one  of 
its  greatest  curiosities." 

This  unique  paramedial  structure  is  composed 
of  the  carbonate  of  lime  and  magnesia,  with  the 
oxide  of  iron,  and  a  portion  of  sand  and  ( -av. 
•  When  broken,  it  is  said  to  exhibit  the  impression 
of  leaves  and  twigs  ot  trees.  Its  circumference 
at  its  base  is  about  26  feet,  and  perpendicular 
height  four  feet."    From  the  top  of  the  rock  to 


uMifctflfcrn^iWiiiu  i»>imM»irt 


W-'.;-;c4.1i^-S>'' 


428 


MINERAL  SPRIKQS  OF  NEW  YORK. 


the  surface  of  the  water,  two  feet ;  depth  of  water 
ia  the  cavity  of  the  rock  about  seven  and  a*half 
feet.  The  hole  at  the  top  of  the  rock  through 
which  the  water  is  dipped  is  circular,  and  measures 
about  ten  inches  across. 

As  earl)'  as  1767,  this  spring  was  visited  by  Mr. 
Wm.  Johnson,  who  used  its  waters  with  benefit 
for  gout,  and  from  this  period  it  came  rapidly 
into  the  notice  and  regard  of  the  colonists.  In 
the  year  1784  and  1785  some  accommodations 
were  constructed  for  invalids,  and  about  this 
period,  the  springs  known  as  Flat  Rock,  the  Presi- 
dent, and  Red  Spring,  first  attracted  attention. 

Dr.  Steel,  to  whose  **  Analysis  "  I  am  indebted 
for  this  history,  remarks,  that  "  thfe  extravagant 
stories  told  by  the  first  settlers  of  the  astonishing 
effects  of  the  "  High  Rock  "  waters,  in  the  cure 
of  almost  every  sjiecies  of  disease,  are  still  remem- 
bered, and  repeated  by  their  too  credulous  de- 
scendants. This,  in  connection  with  the  singular 
and  mysterious  character  of  the  rock,  continued 
to  attach  an  importance  to  the  waters,  in  the  eyes 
of  the  vulgar,  to  which  no  other  fountain  will 
ever  attain." 

The  temperature  of  the  High  Rock  water  is  48°. 
Its  specific  gravity,  1006'85,  when  the  barometer 
stood  at  29'05  inches — pure  water  being  1000. 
Analysis  shows  that  it  contains  346'68  grains  of 
solid  ingredients,  and  309  cubic  ibches  of  gaseous 


^m 


roRK. 


SARATOGA  AND  BALLSTON. 


429 


depth  of  water 

ven  and  a*half 

rock  through 

,  and  measures 

visited  hy  Mr. 
s  with  benefit 
came  rapidly 
colonists.  In 
icommodations 
id  about  this 
ack,  the  Presi- 
ted  attention. 

I  am  indebted 
b  extravagant 
le  astonishing 
s,  in  the  cure 
e  still  remein- 
credulous  de- 
1  the  singular 
ck,  continued 
8,  in  the  eyes 
fountain  will 

:  water  is  48°. 
he  barometer 
being  1000. 
•68  grains  of 
>es  of  gaseous 


contents,  to  the^  gallon  of  water.  Each  gallon 
holds  in  solution  5*58  grains  of  carbonate  of 
iron. 

The  Iodine,  or  as  it  is  sometimes  called  Walton 
Spring^  contains,  according  to  the  examinations  of 
Professor  Emmons,  3*5  of  hydriodcte  of  soda  to  the 
gallon  of  water.  Its  saline  ingredients  do  not  differ 
essentially  from  the  neighboring  fountains.  Its 
chalybeate  impregnation  is  somewhat  greater  than 
the  water  of  the  Congress  Spring,  but  less  than 
that  of  tho  Putnum,  Union,  Pavillion,  and 
others. 

Its  temperature  is  rendered  at  47°  Fahrenheit. 

The  Flat  Bock,  Hamilton,  Columbian,  and 
Washington  Springs,  of  which  Dr.  Steel  gives  the 
analysis,  very  nearly  resemble  each  other,  and 
those  already  described,  in  their  general  saline 
and  gaseous  character.  The  Flai  Bock  contains 
5*39  grains  of  the  carbonate  of  iron  to  the  gallon  ; 
the  Hamilton  5-39,.  the  Gdumhian  5*58,  and  the 
Washington  3*26. 

Empire  SpRiNa. — ^This  fountain  is  now  attract- 
ing considerable  attention.  The  relatively  larger 
portion  of  iodine,  and  smaller  portions  of  iron 
and  earthy  salts,  contained  in  this  water,  in  com- 
parison with  its  neighboring  springs,  suggests  to 
the  medical  mind  a  preference  for  it  in  the  treat- 
ment of  several  formidable  qhrouic  affections. 


S'%6>2a;4^>.. 


iniiii'njijiiir'iiiiiiiip 


mil  iiiiMii  mtijii 


430 


IQNBRAL  SPRINOS  OF  NEW  YORK. 


The  following  is  Professor  Emiqons'  analysis  of 
one  gallon  of  the  water : — 

Chloride  of  sodium 269*696 

BiKiarbonate  of  lime 141-824 

Bi-carbonate  of  magnesia 41-084 

Bi-carbonate  of  soda-. 80*848 

Hydriodate  of  soda  or  iodine .'. 12*000 

Bi-carbonate  of  iron a  trace. 

406*853 
Specific  gravity  1089. 


BALLSTON  SPRINGS. 

The  village  of  Ballston  is  situated  seven  miles 
southwest  from  Saratoga.  It  derives  its  name 
from  the  Rev.  Eliphalet  Ball,  who,  with  a  number 
of  his  congregation,  settled  near  the  site  of  the 
village  at  the  time  the  springs  were  first  dis- 
covered. 

The  mineral  springs  are  situated  in  a  deep 
marshy  valley,  through  which  passes  a  branch  of 
the  Kayaderosseras  Creek.  They  were  discovered 
in  1769. 

Of  the  springs  composing  the  Ballston  group 
of  acidulous  chalybeate  waters,  the  following  may 
be  mentioned — ^the  Sana  Souci,  Park,  Low's  WeU, 
the  United  Stadea,  and  Fulton  Chalyheate.  Dr. 
Steel  remarks  that  these  waters  evidently  belong 
to' the  same  class  with  those  at  Saratoga ;  and  if 
they  do  not  contain  so  large  a  portion  of  the  saline 
properties  as  some  of  the  fountains  at  the  latter 


rORK. 

ns'  analysis  of 


141-824 

41084 

80-848 

12-000 

a  trace. 

406-8S3 


id  seven  miles 
ives  its  name 
with  a  number 
he  site  of  the 
vere  first  dis- 
ked in  a  deep 
es  a  branch  of 
rere  discovered 

)allston  group 
following  may 
*,  Low's  WeU, 
•alybeate.  Dr. 
dently  belong 
'atoga;  and  if 
>n  of  the  saline 
at  the  latter 


barAtooa  and  ballston. 


481 


place,  vriixch  is  vory  manifest,  both  from  the  taste 
and  the  effects,  t'.iey  are,  unquestionably,  entitled 
to  rank  among  the  best  acidulous  chalybeate  waters 
which  this  or  any  other  country  affords. 

In  addition  to  the  acidulous  saline  chalybeate 
waters  of  Ballston  Spa,  there  are  several  sulphur- 
ous springs  in  the  neighborhood,  not  regarded 
however,  as  very  strong,  which  probably  owe 
their  peculiar  character  to  the  decomposition  of 
the  sulphuret  of  iron  which  abounds  in  the  argil- 
laceous slate  formation  common  to  this  region. 

Sana  Soud  Spring  contains,  by  analysis,  in  one 
gallon  of  its  water : — 

Chloride  of  sodium 148-788  grains. 

Bi-carbonate  of  soda. .■ 12-66 

Bi-cirbonate  of  magnesia. .'. 89-01 

Carbonate  of  lime 48-407 

Carbon-:e  of  iron 6'95 

Hydriodate  of  soda 1"3 

SUei •    !• 

247-15 

The  waters  of  Low's  Wed  are  regarded  as  being 
almost  identical  with  those  of  the  Sans  Souci. 

In  the  waters  of  the  Park  WeU,  Dr.  Steel 
demonstrated  the  existence  of  6^  grains  of  the 
carbonate  of  iron  in  a  gallon  of  the  water ;  a 
somewhat  larger  quantity  than  is  found  in  any  of 
the  other  fountains.' 

The   United  States   Spring,  according  to    Dr. 


MINERAL  SPRIKOS  OF  NEW  TORK. 


Beck's    analysis,  contains    in    one   pint   of  the 
water : — 

Chloride  of  sodium 58*12  grains. 

Carbonate  of  soda 2-11     " 

Carbonate  of  magnesia 0*72     " 

Carbonate  of  lime  with  a  liitle  oxide  of  iron.  8*65     " 

Sulphate  of  soda. 022     " 

Silica 100     " 

60.82 
Carbonic  acid,  80*50. 
Temperature,  50°  P.,  which  does  not  vary  through  the  year. 

It  will  be  seen  by  comparing  the  analysis  of  this 
Avith  the  Congress  Spring,  that  the  latter  contains 
a  much  larger  amount,  both  of  solid  and  gaseous 
contents,  than  the  former. 


TORK. 

s   pint   of  the 


SABATOQA  WATERS— IMPROPER  USES. 


433 


....58-12  grains. 
....  211  " 
....  0-72  " 
m.  8-65  " 
....  0-22  " 
....  100      " 


60.82 
through  the  year. 

analysis  of  this 
i  latter  contains 
id  and  gaseous 


CHAPTER  XXXIV. 

NEW  YORK  MINERAL  WATERS  CONTINUED. 

Improper  Utea  o/  Hhe  Saratoga  Water$  and  ita  MeiU—Injuriout 
Advice  arul  Errors  of  Opinion  at  to  the  Nature  and  Ute  of 
Mineral  Water»—Di»eam  for  which  the  Saratoga  Wateri  may 
be  Prescribed— Albany  Artesian  Mineral  WeU^Bee^a  Mineral 
Spring— HaOecK a  Spring,  dx.,  de. 

It  is  well  remarked  hy  Dr.  Steel,  long  the  resi- 
dent physician  at  Saratoga,*  that  "these  waters 
are  so -generally  used,  and  their  effects  so  seldom 
injurious,,  particularly  to  persons  in  health,  that 
almost  every  one  who  has  ever  drank  of  them, 
assumes  the  prerogative  of  directing  their  use  to 
others;    and,  were  these  directions  always  the 
result  of  experience  and  ohservation,  they  cer- 
tainly would  he  less  ohjectionahle ;  hut  there  are 
numerous    persons  that  flock  ahout  the  springs 
during  the  drinking  season,  without  any  know- 
ledge of  the  composition  of  the  waters,  and  little 
or  none  of  their  effects,  who  continue  to  dispose  of 
their  directions  to  the  ignorant  and  unwary,  with 
no  other  effect  than  to  injure  the  reputation  of  the 
water  and  destroy  the  prospects  of  the  diseased. 

•Analysis  of  the  Mhieral  Waters  of  Saratoga  and  Ballston. 
87 


434        NEW  YORK  MINERAL  WATERS  CONTINUED. 

"  Many  persons  who  resort  to  the  springs  for  the 
restoration  of  health,  seem  to  he  governed  hy  the 
idea  that  they  are  to  recover  in  proportion  to  the 
amount  they  drink  ;  and,  although  many  who  are 
in  health  may,  and  freqoiently  do,  swallow  down 
enormous  amounts  of  the  watei  with  apparent 
impunity,  it  does  not  follow  that  those  whose 
stomachs  are  enfeebled  by  disease  can  take  the  same 
quantity  with  the  same  eflfect.  Stomachs  of  this 
description  frequently  reject  large  portions  of  the 
water,  and  thereby  protect  the  system  from  the 
disastixas  consequences  that  would  otherwise 
follow.  But  when  it  happens  to  be  retained,  the 
result  is  indeed  distressing.  The  pulse  becomes 
quick  and  feeble,  the  extremities  cold,  the  head 
painful  and  dizzy,  the  bowels  swollen  and  tender, 
and  the  whole  train  of  nervous  aflfections  alarm- 
ingly increased ;  and  should  the  unfortunate  suf- 
ferer survive  the  eflfects  of 'his  imprudence,  it  is 
only  to  a  renewal  of  his  worst  apprehensions,  from 
a  loss  of  confidence  in  what  he  most  probably  con- 
sidered a  last  resort." 

'The  above  sensible  remarks  of  a  gentleman 
long  accustomed  to  prescribing  mineral  waters, 
and  entirely  familiar  with  their  potent  influences 
for  good  when  properly  used,  or  for  evil,  when 
improperly  employed,  commend  themselves  with 
great  f  .xe .  to  invalids  generally,  who  resort  to 
mineral  fountains  for  relief. 

The  injury  done  to  invalids  at  mineral  springs 


IMH 


)irriNUBD. 

springs  for  the 
)verned  by  the 
portion  to  the 
many  who  are 
swallow  down 
nrith  apparent 
;  those  whose 
I  take  the  same 
tmaohs  of  this 
ortions  of  the 
item  from  the 
lid  otherwise 
retained,  the 
pulse  becomes 
cold,  the  head 
m  and  tender, 
ctions  alarm- 
ifortnnate  suf- 
prudence,  it  is 
liensions,  from 
probably  con- 

a  gentleman 
neral  waters, 
ent  influences 
or  evil,  when 
em  selves  with 
ivho  resort  to 

ineral  springs 


BABATOOA  WATERS— IBIPROPEB  U8KS. 

by  hasty  and  well-intentioned,  but  ignorant  and 
injudicious  advice,  both  as  to  the  applicabilities 
of  the  waters,  and  the  method  of  using  them  by 
persons  they  may  chance  to  meet,  can  scarcely 
bo  overrated.    Various  instances  have  occurred  of 
invalids  being  speedily  destroyed  by  improperly 
using    mineral    waters,    under    the    injudicious 
advice  of  ignorant  and  officious  persons,  and  stiU 
more  frequently  have  diseases  been  aggravated  and 
confirmed  through  such   reprehensible  officious- 
ness,  that  might  have  been  cured  under  sensible 
and  judicious  instructions.    Besides  the  idea  that 
is  often  spontaneously  in  the  mind  of  the  invalid 
that  it  is  "  only  water  "  he  is  drinking,  and  that 
it  can  do  no  harm  if  it  does  no  good,  is  simply  an 
imposition  on  his  own  good  sense,  and  upon  the 
feeblest  powers  of  ratiocination.    These  impres- 
sions upon  the  mind,  vague  though  they  may  be, 
are  nevertheless,  occasionally  sufficiently  strong 
to  control  the  action.    Such  views  are  most  apt 
to  Qnd  a  lodgment  in  the  minds  of  those  who 
have  decided  to  altogether  repudiate  medicine, 
commonly  so  called,  and  to  seek  their  lost  health 
by  the  use  of  mineral  waters,  not  remembering 
that  mineral  waters  are  medicines,  and  could  be 
of  no  service  if  they  were  not.    Under  the  false 
impression  of  their  non-medicinal  nature,  such 
persons  will  often  take  into  their  stomachs  in  the 
form  of  draught  after  draught  of  sulphur  waters, 
mere  medicinal  material  in  one  day,  than  a  judi- 


436        NEW  YORK  MINERAL  WATERS  CONTINUED. 

cious  physician  would  give  them  in  pill  or  potion, 
in  an  entire  week. 

It  was  such  persistent  ahuse  of  mineral  waters 
on  the  Continent,  that  induced  Henry  IV  of  France 
to  decree  a  royal  edict,  that  no  person  should 
enter  upon  the  use  of  a  mineral  water  in  his 
dominion,  until  his  case  had  been  professionally 
examined,  and  the  suitableness  and  manner  of 
using  the  water  prescribed. 

When  Americans  shall  have  acquired  more 
prudence  upon  this  subject,  and  learned  to  inquire 
more  carefully  into  the  adaptedness  of  mineral 
waters  to  their  diseases,  before  committing  them- 
selves to  their  use,  far  more  good  will  be  derived 
by  the  invalid ;  our  mineral  waters  will  be  appre- 
ciated, and  their  character  better  established  in 
public  confidence. 

DISEASES  FOR  WHICH   THE  SAKATOGA  WATERS 
MAY  BE  PRESCRIBED. 

In  reference  to  the  proper  manner  of  using  the 
Saratoga  waters,  as  well  as  to  the  diseases  for 
which  they  may  be  prescribed,  I  shall  confine  my 
remarks  to  a  few  general  obaervaiions  having  refer- 
ence to  the  usual  proper  use  of  such  agents, 
knowing  that  particular  directions  for  the  indi- 
vidual case  can  be  most  prudently  and  safely  given 
to  the  patient  by  experienced  practitioners  resident 
at  the  springs;  and  after  such  careful  personal 
investigation  of  the  case,  and  with  such  discrim- 


iii 


DISEASES— GENERAL  OBSBRVAnONS. 


437 


>NTII(rCBD. 

pill  or  potion, 

mineral  waters 
y  IV  of  France 
person  should 
water  in  his 
professionally 
ad  manner  of 

acquired  more 
'ned  to  inquire 
>S8  of  mineral 
mitting  them- 
rill  be  derived 
will  be  appre- 
established  in 


OGA  WATERS 

r  of  using  the 
e  diseases  for 
Al  confine  my 
having  refer- 
such  agents, 
for  the  indi- 
d  safely  given 
oners  resident 
eful  personal 
such  discrim- 


inating views  of  its  pathology  as  personal  exam, 
ination  can  alone,  in  most  cases,  satisfactorily 
determine. 

The  entire  group  of  the  Saratoga  and  Ballston 
waters  may  properly  be  regarded,  as  I  have  boforo 
stated,  as  distinctly  belonging  to  the  saline  acidu- 
lous class,  with  chalybeate  salts  so  prominent  in 
some  of  them  as  to  modify,  in  an  important 
degree,  their  influence  upon  the  animal  economy. 
Their  prominent  therapeutic  effects  are  those  of 
active  aperient  and  diuretic  action. 

A  numerous  class  of  visitors  at  Mineral  Springs 
are  those  who  are  rather  threatened  with,  than 
actually  laboring  under  a  distinctly  located  disease. 
As  prominent  in  this  class  of  visitors,  we  find 
those  who  suffer  under  a  preternatural  fullness  of 
the  blood  vessels,  and  especidlly  of  the  veins,  with 
a  tendency  to  congestion  in  some  of  the  large 
internal  organs,  with  a  sense  of  fullness  or  heavi- 
ness in  the  abdominal  regions.     This  condition  is 
often  occasioned  from  slow  and  imperfect  digestion, 
and,  consequently,  by  too  long  retention  of  food 
in  the  stomach,  from  local  and  general  accumula- 
tions in  the  large  intestines,  and  not  uncommonly 
from  an  engorged  liver,  or  spleen,  with  a  sluggish 
circulation,  and  sometimes  a  throbbing  sensation 
in  the  portal  system.    This  morbid  state  of  the 
system  is  made  to  bear  different  names  as  one  or 
another  organ  seems  to  be  more  especially  affected. 
The  morbid  tendencies  of  this    condition  are 
87* 


■^>i  I ' . 


438        NEW  YORK  MINBRAL  WATERS  CONTINUED. 


very  nuuiorouB.  Even  in  its  incipiency  it  is  prono, 
from  hygonio  or  morbid  causes  to  run  into  ob- 
stinate congestions,  irritations,  or  actual  inflam- 
mations. Sometimes  it  results  in  cephalic  or 
pectoral  accumulations,  giving  occasion  for  apo- 
plexy, asthma,  &c.,  &c.  In  other  cases,  the 
system  seems  to  make  a  violent  external  eflfort 
to  relieve  its  internal  oppressions  through  an 
acute  attack  of  rheumatism,  or  gout ;  or  By  erup- 
tions upon  the  surface,  carbuncles,  boils,  or 
erysipelatous  inflammations.  The  most  common 
winding  up  of  this  general  plethoric  condition  is 
a  confirmed  dyspepsia,  attended  with  faulty  and 
irregular  secretions  from  the  liver,  ultimately 
giving  rise  to  intestinal  or  thoracic  neuralgia. 

Space  Avill  not  allow  mo  to  trace  out  the  various 
and  multiform  disorders  and  disorganizations, 
that  may,  and  often  do  result  from  the  venous 
plethora  and  abdominal  accumulations  alluded 
to ;  nor  is  this,  perhaps,  the  proper  place  to  do 
BO.  I  remark,  however,  that,  in  the  condition  of 
the  system  alluded  to,  and  especially  in  its  early 
stages,  the  Saratoga  waters,  and  of  choice,  the 
more  purgative  of  them,  affords  a  remedy  entitled 
to  gruat  confidence,  and,  generally,  speedily  bene- 
ficial in  its  effects. 

In  such  cases  they  should  be  so  used  as  to  pro- 
duce copious  evacuations  from  the  bowels  for  two 
or  three  weeks.  The  more  purgative  waters, 
such  as  the  Congress  Spring,  being  taken  early  in 


ONTINCED. 


DIBBASES— OBNEKAL  OBSERVATIONS. 


439 


ncy  it  is  prono, 

0  run  into  ob- 
actual  inflam- 

in  cephalic  or 
lasion  for  apo- 
her  cases,  the 
external  effort 
s  through  an 
t ;  or  By  erup- 
iles,  boils,  or 
most  common 
ic  condition  is 
ith  faulty  and 
er,   ultimately 

1  neuralgia, 
jut  the  various 
^organizations, 
)m  the  venous 
ations  alluded 
er  place  to  do 
le  condition  of 
lly  in  its  early 
of  choice,  the 
emedy  entitled 

speedily  bene- 

iised  as  to  pro- 
bowels  for  two 
gative  waters, 
taken  early  in 


the  morning  to  produce  this  effect,  the  patient 
may,  with  advantage,  use  small  quantities  of  some 
of  the  more  ferruginated  waters  in  the  evening, 
such  as  the  Putnam,  or  High  Rock  Spring. 

In  recent  attacks  of  biliary  affections,  unat- 
tended   with    fever  or  general  excitement,  the 
Congress  waters  have  proved  very  beneficial.    In 
such  cases.  Dr.  Steel,  long  a  resident  physician 
at  the  springs,  says  he  was  in  the  habit  of  giving 
a  few  grains  of  calomel  or  blue  pill  at  night,  and 
following  it  in  the  morning  with  a    sufficient 
quantity  of  water  to  move  the  bowels  briskly  two 
or  three  times.     A  few  doses  of  this  description 
usually  puts  the  bowels  in  a  situation  to  be  more 
easily  acted  upon  by  the  water  alone.    In  the 
more  advanced  stage  of  Mlious  affections,  says  Dr. 
Steel,   "  where   the    organization    of    the    liver 
and  other  viscera  have  materially  suffered,  and 
the   disposition    to    general    hydrops,  indicated 
by  the  enlargement  of  the  extremities,  fullness  of 
the  abdomen,  &c.,  the  waters  are,  all  of  them, 
manifestly  injurious,  and  ought  not  to  be  admitted, 
even  as  an  adjunctive  remedy." 

In  the  various  dyspeptic  depravities  these  waters, 
have  long  maintained  a  high  and  well  deserved 
reputation.  The  Congress  Spring  is  most  gen- 
erally used  for  these  affections.  It  is  best  taken 
in  the  morning  for  such  cases,  about  an  hour 
before  breakfast,  in  sufficient  quantity  to  move 
the  bowels  gently  once  or  twice.    For  this  pur- 


440        NEW  YORK  UINk 


■V^XIIJfl  OONTINURD. 


poBO,  from  two  to  four  Oi-  >..<?  tumblers  full,  taken 
at  inter'rals  of  ten  or  fifteen  minv'js  apart,  will 
generally  be  sufficient. 

In  calculous  or  nephritic  complaints,  these  waters 
have  been  long  employed  with  great  advantage, 
and  well  attested  instances  are  given  of  their 
effecting  complete  cures  in  such  cases.  The 
water,  in  such  diseases,  should  be  so  drunk  as  to 
keep  the  bowels  gently  open  and  to  keep  up  an 
increased  secretion  from  the  kidneys.  In  such 
cases,  the  use  of  the  warm  bath  is  an  important 
auxiliary.  Its  temperature  should  be  about  100° 
Fah.,  and  the  patient  remain  iu  it  from  thirty  to 
sixty  minutes. 

In  chronic  rheumatism,  Dr.  Steel  assorts  that  the 
waters  have  been  long  employed  with  advantage. 
In  such  cases,  he  gives  preference  to  the  Congress 
Spring. 

For  anthritis  or  gout,  the  waters  are  regarded  as 
an  uncertain  remedy.  In  the  early  or  forming 
stages  of  the  disorder  they  may  prove  beneficial, 
but  when  the  disease  has  become  confirmed,  and 
is  of  long  continuance,  the  effects  of  the  water  are 
doubtful,  and  cases  have  occurred  where  their  use 
'induced  a  recurrence  of  the  paroxysm. 

In  ill  conditioned  ulcers  and  cutaneotis  eruptions, 
as  well  as  in  the  enfeebled  condition  of  the  system 
following  a  protracted  mercurial  course,  the  use  of 
the  waters  has  proved  very  beneficial. 

Scrofula  i»  another  disease  in  which  the  Sara- 


ONXINUTiD. 

Icrs  full,  tdkcii 
t us  apart,  will 

!»,  these  waters 
cat  advantage, 
given  of  their 
b  cases.  The 
10  drunk  as  to 
to  keep  up  an 
nuys.    In  such 

an  important 
ho  ahout  100° 

from  thirty  to 

assorts  that  the 
ith  advantage. 

0  the  Congress 

ire  regarded  as 
ly  or  forming 
'ovo  beneficial, 
cpnfirmed,  and 
f  the  water  are 
vhere  their  use 
sm. 
\eoua  eruptions, 

1  of  the  system 
urae,  the  use  of 
ial. 

hich  the  Sara- 


DISEASBS— OENEUAL    OBSERVATIONS. 


441 


toga  waters-have  been  often  used,  and  Dr.  Hteol 
remarks,  that  "  experience  abundantly  sanctions 
the  belief  of  their  utility  in  that  complaint." 

The  large  proportion  of  iodine  which  Professor 
Emmons  detects  in  the  Empire  Spring,  seems 
clearly  to  indicate  a  preference  for  that  fountain 
in  the  treatment  of  this  class  of  affections. 

In  dropsical  affections  the  Saratoga  waters  should 
only  be  prescribed  under  caroiul  discrimination. 
When  the  disease  depends  upon  long  continued 
organic  derangement,  they  will  prove  injurious. 
On  the  other  hand,  when  the  aftection  is  recent, 
and  dependent  upon  the  want  of  sufficient  action 
in  the  absorbent  vessels,  they  will  be  beneficial, 
and  their  use  in  such  coses  will  probably  result  iu 
removing  the  morbid  accumulations. 

Paralysis,  under  the  active  purgative  operation 
of  the  waters,  is  sometimes  benefited. 

Chlorosis  and  other  complaints  peculiar  to 
females,  are  often  treated  by  these  woters  with 
good  success.  In  such  cases,  the  waters  in  which 
the  tonic  properties  most  abound  are  to  be  pre- 
ferred, and  much  advantage  will  generally  be 
derived  by  frequent  bathing,  and  pleasurable 
exercise  unconnected  with  exhaustion  or  fatigue.- 

In  phthisical  complaints  that  arise  from  a  primary 
affection  of  the  lungs,  the  Saratoga  waters  are 
injurious,  and  ought  not  to  be  used.  But  in  con- 
gestions of  the  bronchial  surfaces,  as  well  as  in 
translated  or  sympatheti(iaffections  from  abdomi- 


■WWIL''  "' '■'""* 


'«ir;ijl»,i' 


i.H.ll.iNlilWllJf 


442        NEW  TORE  MINERAL  WATERS  CONTINUED. 

nal  origin  making  a  lodgment  in  tha  chest,  and 
unattended  with  any  general  strumous  tendency, 
the  waters  of  the  Empire  Spring  might,  probably, 
be  safely  and  advantageoiisly  employed. 

Albant  Artesian  Mineral  Wells.— Messrs.  Boyd 
and  McOulIock,  in  boring  for  pure  water  to  supply 
their  brewery,  struck  at  the  depth  of  four  hundred 
and  eighty  feet,  a  saline  water  abounding  in  the 
carbonates  and  carbonic  acid,  and  emitting  at  the 
same  time  carburetted  hydrogen  or  burning  gas. 
On  continuing  the  boring  to  the  depth  of  six 
hundred  feet  the  flow  of  the  carbonated  water  and 
gas  continued.  Another  boring  was  effected  to 
the  same  depth,  a  few  rods  from  the  first,  with  the 
same  results  and  the  singular  addition  of  the 
escape  of  sulphuretted  hydrogen  gas  from  a  small 
stream  of  water  that  was  struck  at  thirty  feet 
below  the  surface.  From  this.  Dr.  Beck  con- 
cludes, that  "  in  the  same  slate  formation,  though 
at  different  depths,  sulphuretted  hydrogen,  car- 
buretted hydrogen,  and  carbonic  acid  gases,  are 
abundantly  evolved."  The  same  writer  thinks  it 
probable  that  carbonated  waters  might  be  found 
•by  boring  at  anv  point  on  the  range  from  Saratoga 
to  Albany. 

The  temperature  of  the  water  of  the  Albany 
well  is  51°  to  62°  Fah.  Its  specific  gravity 
1  00900. 


m^ 


rjw' 


30NTINUBD. 

thft  chest,  and 
tnous  tendency, 
light,  probably, 
loyed. 

,— Messrs.  Boyd 
water  to  supply 
of  four  hundred 
ounding  in  the 
emitting  at  the 
r  burning  gas. 
6  depth  of  six 
lated  water  and 
was  effected  to 
le  first,  with  the 
addition  of  the 
;as  from  a  small 
[  at  thirty  feet 
Dr.  Beck  con- 
mation,  though 
hydrogen,  car- 
acid  gases,  are 
writer  thinks  it 
aight  be  found 
e  from  Saratoga 


of  the  Albany 
ipecific  gravity 


reed/s  and  halleck's  springs.  443 

Dr.  Beck's  analysis  of  one  pint  of  water,  shows 
the  following  results : — 

Chlorido  of  sodium 6900  grains: 

Carbonate  of  soda 600      " 

Carbonate  of  lime „...  400     " 

Carborate  of  magnesia 1*60     " 

Carbonate  of  iron,  witli  a  little  silica I'OO      " 

Chloride  of  calciimi 0-60     " 

71-00     " 
Gaseous  contents,  28  cubic  inches. 

Reed's  Mineral  Spring. — In  Washington  County 
is  an  acidulous  spring,  not  very  dissimilar  from 
the  waters  of  Saratoga,  but  containing  less  gas, 
and  consequently  less  sparkling.  Its  taste  is 
somewhat  acidulous. 

Halleck's  Spring,  in  Oneida  tHounty,  and  near 
the  village  of  Hampton,  was  discovered  by  boring 
to  iu^  depth  of  one  hundred  and  six  feet  into  a 
solid  rock. 

Professor  Noyes  analyzed  this  water,  and 
obtained  from  one  pint  the  following  results  : — 

Chloride  of  sodium 78-00  grains. 

Chloride  of  calcium 1800     " 

Chloride  of  magnesia 4-00     " 

Sulphate  of  lime 600      " 

100-C3     ", 

This  spring  is  said  to  evolve  carburetted  or 
burning  ^as  in  considerable   quantities,  with  a 


-*jaiar 


-f"*^ 


■WP^ 


444 


NEW  YORK   SULPHUR  SPBINGS. 


sjnall  proportion  of  carbonic  acid.  It  would  seem 
from  the  composition  of  its  waters  to  belong  to 
tbe  class  of  weak  brine  or  salt  springs. 

Near  Catskill,  in  Green  County,  and  in  Renssael- 
lear  County,  a  mile  from  the  village  of  Sandlake, 
strong  chalybeate  springs  are  found. 

Other  springs  of  the  same  character  are  found 
in  Delaware,  Duchess,  and  Columbia  Counties. 


CHAPTER  XXXV. 

NEW  YORK  SULPHUR  SPRmOS. 

Sharron  Spr%ng»—Awn  Springa. 

Waters  to  some  extent  impregnated  with 
sulphur  exist  in  almost  every  great  section  of  the 
State  of  New  York  ;  but  few  of  these  springs, 
however,  have  been  extensively  improved  for 
public  use,  or  are  so  strongly  charged  with  gas 
and  rich  in  solid  medicinal  materials,  as  to  make 
them  objects  of  more  than  local  interest.  There 
are,  however,  several  strong  exceptions  to  this 
general  remark,  and  especially  the  waters  of  the 


UM* 


4i/,.. -...-.-,. 


NOS. 

It  would  seem 
s  to  belong  to 
ngs. 

ind  in  Benssael- 
;e  of  Sandlake, 

cter  are  found 
}ia  Countie?. 


NEW  YORK    SULPHUR  SPRINGS. 


446 


Rmas. 


tngs. 


iregnated  with 
kt  section  of  the 
these  springs, 
improved  for 
arged  with  gas 
ials,  as  to  make 
nlerest.  There 
^options  to  this 
e  waters  of  the 


Sharron  and  Avon  Springs,  which  have  acquired 
quite  an  extended  reputation. 

As  is  found  to  be  the  case  in  Virginia,  thq 
sulphur  springs  of  New  York  are  generally  on,  or 
not  very  remote,  from  the  lines  of  fracture  or  dis- 
turbance in  the  strata  of  the  earth  from  subterra- 
nean causes.  The  Sharron,  is  said  to  be  the 
strongest  exception  to  this  general  law  of  their 
location. 

Mr.  Hall,  who  made  a  geological  survey  of  a 
portion  of  this  State,  remarks  that  springs  which 
issue  from  different  classes  of  rock,  are  marked  by 
a  general  character  and  aspect  which  indicate 
their  relative  geological  positions.  ".In  the  strata 
of  the  Niagara  group,  the  water  has  usually  a  dark 
appearance  in  the  spring,  though  it  is  limpid  and 
differs  essentially  from  the  waters  of  the  salt 
group,  while  in  higher  rocks  it  is  not  only  less 
copioufj,  but  it  is  often  marked  by  a  black  and  red 
deposit,  as  well  as  sometimes  a  whitish  stain  upon 
the  rock  or  at  the  bottom  of  the  spring."  These 
springs,  however  widely  separated,  have  been 
observed  to  have  a  temperature  somewhat  above 
the  common  springs  of  their  neighborhood.  The 
same  fact  has  been  observed  in  reference  to  the 
sulphurous  springs  so  abundantly  found  in  Vir- 
ginia, goin;;  to  show  a  common  cause  for  the 
general  thermalization  of  such  waters. 


446 


NEW  YORK    SULPHDB  SPRIKOS. 


SHARRON  SPRINGS. 

These  springs  are  in  the  County  of  Schoharie, 
«nd  near  the  village  of  Leesville.  Accoiding  to 
Dr.  Beck,  they  arise  from  pyrituous  slates,  under- 
lying strata  of  Helderberg  limestone. 

The  two  springs  most  noted,  are  called  "White 
Stdphur  and  "Magnesia." 

The  White  Sulphur  has  been  analyzed  by  Dr. 
J.  E,  Chilton,  of  the  city  of  New'  Yark,  who 
obtained  the  following  results  from  one  pint  of 
the  water  : — 


Sulphate  of  magnesia 265  gitiins. 

Sulphate  of  lime 6-98      " 

Chloride  of  sodium > 0"14     " 

Chloride  of  magnesium , 0.15      " 

Hydro-Sulphuret  of  sodium  )  q.  ^  ■      „ 

Hydro-Sulphuret  cf  calcium ) 

1006 
Bnlpharetted  hydrogen  gas  one  cubic  inch. 

Dr.  Beck  remarks,  "that  Sulphate  of  lime  in 
small  fresh  perfect  chrystals,  is  found  near  the 
springs  in  considerable  abundance." 

Dr.  Bell,  remarks  after  quoting  the  analysis 
given  above,  that  the  "  solid  contents  of  a 
gallon  of  this  water,*  as  determined  by  the  same 
chemist  are  160*94  grains,  and  the  amount  of 
sulphuretted  hydrogen  gas  16  inches.     The  results 


*  Mineral  and  Thermal  Springs. 


ras. 


•  of  Schoharie, 
Accoi'ding  to 
I  slates,  under- 
e. 
c&llei"  White 

alyzed  by  Dr. 
w  Yark,  who 
n  one  pint  of 


...2-65gi-aiiis. 
...608     " 
...014     " 
...0.15     " 

...014     " 


1006 


ate  of  lime  in 
bund  near  the 

I  the  analysis 
contents  of  a 
sd  by  the  same 
he  amount  of 
8.     The  results 


SB- 


•      SHAEKON    SPRINGS.  447 

as  reported  by  Dr.  North,  are  at  variance  with 
the  preceding  table  of  reduction  to  a  pint  made 
by  Dr.  Beck,  still  from  Dr.  Chilton's  analysis." 

The  Magnesia  Spring,  according  to  the  analysis 
of  Professor  Keed,  of  New  York,  contains  the 
following  ingredients  in  one  gallon  of  water  :— 

Bi-Carbonate  of  magnesia 805  grains. 

Sulphate  otmagnesia 227      ''^ 

Sulphate  of  lime • 76" 

Hydro-Sulphates  of  magnesia  and  lime 05      ''^ 

Chloride  of  sodium  and  magnesium •  80 

133-7 
Sulphuretted  hydrogen  gas  3-3  inches. 

In  looking  to  the  relative  character  of  the 
Sharron  waters,  we  find  them  most  to  resemble 
the  Avon  Springs  of  New  York,  and  the  White 
Sulphur  Springs  of  Virginia,  and  in  a  general  way 
they  will  be  found  adapted  to  the  same  class 
of  diseases  for  which  the  latter  waters  are  bene- 
ficially used. 

The  hotel  accommodations  for  visitors  at  Sharron 
are  represented  as  extensive  and  agreeable,  with 
pleasant  promenades  through  well  shaded  wood 
lands  contiguous  to  tho  spring,  and  the  eiijoyment 
of  extensive  and  inteves  ling  views  of  the  surround- 
ing country. 

Travellers  to  Sharron  either  from  the  north, 
east,  or  south,  should  mako  Albany  a  point  where 


448 


NEW  YORK  SULPHUR  SPRINGS. 


they  take  the  Binghampton  Hailroad  to  Palantine 
Bridge,  and  thence  by  stage  coaches  over  the 
mountains  to  the  springs 

AVON  SPRINGS. 

These  Springs  are- situated  in  the  western  part 
of  the  State,  on  the  eastern  branch  of  the  Genesee 
Biver,  and  near  the  village  of  Avon.  They  are 
about  eighteen  miles  from  the  city  of  Efchester, 
and  twenty-four  from  Canandiagua!  They  are 
connected  with  Bochestsr  by  a  daily  line  of  stage 
coaches.  The  Genesee  Valley  canal  boats,  also 
land  passengers  within  nine  or  ten  miles  of  the 
springs,  whenoo  they  are  conveyed  in  coaches  to 
their  destination. 

The  Indians  of  that  region,  it  is  said,  knew  of, 
and  appreciated  these  springs  as  "medicine  water," 
many  yeare  ago.  The  first  recorded  use  of  them 
hy  the  white  settlers,  was  in  1T92,  when  they 
were  successfully  used  for  a  cutaneous  affection. 
In  1795  we  hear  of  their  curing  rheumatism  of  long 
standing,  that  had  resisted  successfully  the  skill 
of  intelligent  physicians.  The  accommodations 
at  and  near  the  springs,  are  very  good,  and  suffi- 
ciently extensive  for  a  large  number  of  visitors. 
These  consist  of  three  hotels  near  the  springs,  and 
two  at  the  village  of  Avon,  from  which  a  connec- 
tion is  kept  up  with  the  springs  by  omnibusses. 

There  were  but  two  springs  known  at.  Avon 
until  the  year  1835,  and  these  were  designated  as 
the  IJ^^fer  and  Lower  Springs.    About  that  time, 


fOS. 


AVON  SPRINGS. 


449 


.d  to  Palantine 
ches  over  the 


0  western  part 
of  the  Genesee 
on.     They  are 

of  Rochester, 
la!  They  are 
y  line  of  stage 
al  boats,  also 

1  miles  of  the 
in  coaches  to 

said,  knew  of, 
sdicine  water," 
!d  use  of  them 
2,  when  they 
oous  affection, 
oiatismof  long 
fully  the  skill 
jcommodations 
ood,  and  suffi- 
»er  of  visitors, 
e  springs,  and 
hich  a  connec- 
omnibusses. 
town  at.  Avon 
designated  as 
out  that  time, 


a  new  one  was  discovered,  which  is  known  as  the 
New  Bath  Spring.  This  new  fountain  is  said  to 
be  thirty  feet  deep,  the  water  in  it  rising  through 
a  calciferous  slate. 

An  analysis  of  one  pint  of  the  water  of  this 
spring  yields  the  following  results : — 

Carbonate  of  lime 8-37  grains. 

Sulpliate  of  lime 044       " 

Sulphate  of  magnesia I'Ol      " 

Sulphate  of  soda 484      " 

Chloride  of  sodium 071       " 

10-87 
Sulphuretted  hydrogen  8-91  cubic  inches. 
Temperature  of  the  water  50°  Fah.,  specific  gravity  1-00356. 

The  Upper,  or  as  it  is  now  called  the  Middle 
Spring,  is  about  one  hundred,  and  fifty  yards  from 
the  one  just  described.  Its  temperature  is  51° 
Fahrenheit. 

An  analysis  of  one  pint  of  the  water,  according 
to  the  investigations  of  Professor  Hadley,  shows 
the  following  results  : — 

Carbonate  of  lime I'OO  grains. 

Sulphate  of  lime 1050      " 

Sulphate  of  magnesia 1"25      " 

Sulphate  of  soda 2-00      « 

Chloride  of  sodium a'30     " 

Sulphuretted  hydrogen 1300      " 

Carbonic  acid 5-60      " 

17-60 

88* 


450 


NEW  YORK   SDLPHtTR  SPRINGS. 


The  New  Spring,  Dr.  Salsbury  slates,  was 
formerly  a  large  pool  some  fifty  feet  in  diameter, 
and  served  as  a  bathing  place  for  the  early  in- 
habitants. It  has  been  more  prized  as  a  curative 
agent  than  the  others,  and  is  more  largely  resorted 
to. 

In  one  pint  of  this  water  Dr.  J.  B.  Chilton 
found: — 

Carbonate  of  Ume i...8'58  grains. 

Chloride  of  calcium „ 108      " 

Sulphate  of  lime k 717     " 

Sulphate  of  magnesia 6*21      " 

Sulphate  of  soda 171      " 

19-72 
Of  gaseous  contents  : — 

Sulphate  hydrogen ^..m 1-82  " 

'    Carbonic  acid > 0-50  " 

Nitrogen 067  " 

And  and  a  minute  flraction  of  Atmospheric  air. 

This  is  a  uniform,  and  very  bold  spring,  dis- 
obarging  at  every  season  of  the  year  about  fifty- 
four  gallons  a  minute.  Its  temperature  is  45°  to 
47°  Fah.,  and  its  specific  gravity  1-0018.  Its 
taste,  while  decidedly  sulphurous,  is  slightly 
bitter  and  saline. 

It  will  be  observed  that  this  water  contains  less 
■ttlphuretted  hydrogen,  and  more  solid  contents, 
especially  of  the  purging  salts,  than  the  Upper 
or  Middle  Spring. 


NGS. 


AVON    SPRINGS. 


461 


ry  states,  was 
set  in  diameter, 
>r  the  early  in- 
ed  as  a  curative 
largely  resorted 

J.  B.  Chilton 


1-83  " 

0-50  " 

0-67  " 

[sair. 

)ld  spring,  dis- 
ear  ahout  fifty- 
rature  is  45°  to 
ty  1-0018.  Its 
IS,    is    slightly 

ter  contains  less 

solid  contents, 

than  the  Upper 


In  addition  to  the  springs  enumerated,  there 
are  three  others,  called  Iodine,  or  Sylvan  Springs, 
ahout  two  miles  from  the  Lower  Spring.  In  these 
the  chloride  of  sodium  strongly  predominates,  and 
hence  their  saltish  taste.  One  of  them  has  hut  a 
slight  sulphurous  impregnation,  and  somewhat 
resemhles  in  taste  the  Congress  water  after  its  gas 
has  escaped.  We  have  an  analysis  of  one  of  these 
springs  which  shows  it  to  contain  iodide  of  sodium, 
with  heavy  impregnations  of  the  chlorides  of 
sodium  and  magnesium,  and  tiie  sulphate  of  lime. 

In  one  gallon  of  the  water  of  this  spring.  Dr. 
J.  R.  Chilton  found  the  following  ingredients  : 

Chloride  of  magnesium 62400  grains 

"       ofBOdium .» 97-440 

Sulphate  of  lime '. 80436  " 

Carbonate  of  magnesia 15-074  " 

"       of  lime 26-800  " 

Vegetable  matter -240  " 

Iodide  of  sodium. 

•  296-240 

Sulphuretted  hydrogen 20-684  cubic  inches. 

Carbonic  acid 4-993 

25-676 

COMPOSITION  AND  MEDICINAL  EMPIiOYMENT 
OP  THE  AVON  WATERS. 

It  will  be  perceived  that  the  analysis  of  the 
four  Avon  springs  show  a  difference  in  the  com- 


m 


NEW  YORK   BULPnUR  SPRINQS. 


ponent  parts  of  their  solid  contents  not  unworthy 
of  the  notice  of  the  invalid,  or  the  physician  in 
prescribing  their  use.  While  the  New  Bath 
Spring  shows  only  about  '30  grains  to  the  gallon,  of 
the  several  preparations  of  sulphate,  carbonate 
and  chloride  of  lime,  the  Iodine  or  Sylvian  Spring 
exhibits  upwards  of  120  grains  of  the  same 
materials  to  the  gallon  ;  the  Lower  Spring  has 
about  S4,  and  the  Upper  about  92  grains  in  the 
same  quantity  of  water.  In  the  more  important 
articles  of  sulphate  of  magnesia  and  sulphate  of 
soda,  the  difference  is  not  quite  so  great,  but  still 
enough  to  be  worthy  of  note.  While  the  Middle 
or  Upper  Spring  shows  of  these  last  mentioned 
materials,  about  26  grains  to  the  gallon,  the  Lower 
has  63,  and  the  New  Bath  Spring  46  grains.  The 
Iodine  or  Sylvian  is  eatirely  destitute  of  the 
sulphate  of  soda,  and  shows  but  13  grains  to  the 
gallon  of  the  sulphate  of  magnesia. 

In  comparing  the  waters  of  these  springs  with 
the  waters  of  the  White  Sulphur,  in  Virginia,  it 
will  be  observed  that  the  former  contains  an  appre- 
ciable larger  quantity  of  lime  than  the  Virginia 
springs,  and  that  their  sulphate  of  soda  and  sul- 
phate of  magnesia,  is  somewhat  in  excess  of  the 
Virginia  waters.  The  chloride  of  sodium,  ex- 
isting so  largely  in  the  Iodine  or  Sylvian  Spring, 
and  to  an  appreciable  extent,  in  the  Lower  and 
New  Spring,  is  discovered  only  in  the  very 
minute  portion  of  about  half  a  grain  to  the  gallon 
in  the  Virginia  White  Sulphur. 


MSMi 


(TOS. 

B  not  unworthy 
10  physician  in 
he  New  Bath 
0  the  gallon,  of 
ate,  carbonate 
Sylvian  Spring 
of  the  same 
ver  Spring  has 
grains  in  the 
lore  important 
nd  sulphate  of 
great,  but  still 
bile  the  Middle 
last  mentioned 
lion,  the  Xotrer 
5  grains.  The 
stitute  of  the 
{  grains  to  the 

e  springs  with 
in  Virginia,  it 
itains  an  appre- 
n  the  Virginia 
:  soda  and  sul- 
i  excess  of  the 
if  sodium,  ex- 
(ylvian  Spring, 
!;he  Lower  and 
in  the  very 
in  to  the  gallon 


AVON  WATERS — MEDICINAL  EMPLOYMENT.       453 

There  are  several  articles,  probably  not  of  great 
value  in  the  amount  in  which  they  exist,  that  are 
not  cominon  to  these  great  Northern  and  Southern 
waters.  The  Virginia  White  Sulphur,  contains 
the  proto-sulphate  of  iron  and  the  sulphate  of 
alumina,  and,  especially,  an  azotixed  organic 
matter  blended  with  a  large  proportion  of  sulphur. 
These  are  not  found  in  the  Avon  waters.  To  the 
action  of  this  axotized  organic  matter,  as  found  in 
the  White  Sulphur,  Professor  Hays  attributes 
much  of  the  medicinal  activity  of  that  Avater,  and 
experiments  have  clearly  shown.  +hat  it  rapidly 
generates  sulphuretted  hydrogi  on  freed  from 

the  water  and  ^lightly  heated,  ami  that  it  is  the 
cause  of  the  secondary  formation  of  hydro- 
sulphuric  acid  in  the  stomach  when  the  water  has 
been  drunk  entirely  deprived  of  its  gas.*  But 
while  these  differences  exist  between  the  New 
York  and  Virginia  waters,  they  are,  nevertheless, 
sufficiently  alike  in  their  composition  and  general 
character  to  adapt  them  to  the  same  general  class 
of  diseases,  and  having  in  my  treatise  on  the  White 
Sulphur  fully,  noticed  the  therapeutical  character 
and  adaptations  of  that  water,  and  at  considerable 
length  detailed  the  diseases  and  states  of  the  system 
in  which  it  may,  or  may  not  be,  employed,  I  deem 
it  unnecessary  to  enlarge  much  upon  the  applica- 
bilities of  such  waters  in  this  place. 

*  See  Chapter  VI,  on  the-Belative  Influence  of  the  Gaseous 
and  Saline  Contents  of  the  "White  Sulphur  Water. 


^l^^^;>*•r«^<l^g|>^^|W^l^l^^W^^f^^»^l»* -^ilUWH  'ft  "Ik  '• 


454 


NEW  YORK   SULPHUR   SPRINQS. 


Many  peculiar  operative  effects  of  these  waters, 
as  noticed  by  Dr.  Salsbury  in  his  valuable  little 
vrork  on  the  Avon  Springs,  are  ntrikingly  the 
same  that  I  noticed  in  this  Snd  the  early  editions 
of  my  work  as  distinguishing  the  operations  of 
the  White  Sulphur  waters.  Among  the  most 
striking  >  f  these  are  the  facts  noticed  by  Dr.  8. 
of  the  similarity  of  the  action  of  these  waters  and 
that  of  calomel ;  and,  that  they  sometimes  pro- 
duce copious  salivation.  As  is  the  case  with  the 
White  Sulphur,  the  most  valuable  effects  of  the 
Avon  waters  are  found  in  their  alterative  or 
changing  effects,  and  these  effects  are  best  promoted 
by  using  it  in  such  doses  as  do  not  much  incre  .so 
the  natural  evacuations  of  the  body.  Like  the 
White  Sulphur,  the  quantity  of  sulphuretted 
hydrogen  gas  which  the  Avon  waters  contain,  is 
too  large  for  its  kindly  effects  in  many  ^ases,  and 
hence  Dr.  S.  remarks,  that  after  it  has  been 
heated,  and  therefore  deprived  of  a  portion  of  its 
gas,  it  becomes  more  aperient,  and  that  it  may  be 
used  in  this  way  "  when  the  inflammatory  diathe- 
a'lB  prevails  to  such  an  extent  as  to  resist  its 
beneficial  and  successful  administration  in  its 
natural  state."  The  proper  graduation  of  the 
amount  of  sulphuretted  hydrogen  gas  to  the  wants 
and  ability  of  the  system  to  bear  it,  especially  in 
commencing  the  use  of  the  water,  is  a  practical 
matter  of  great  importance  in  the  use  of  such 
waters,   and  one    to    which  I    have  directed   a 


b  JUiMtlufttfio'MtK'.  -'»-^- 


PRINQS. 

8  of  those  waters, 
lis  valuable  little 
re  Htrikingly  the 
the  early  editions 
the  operations  of 
Among  the  most 
Doticed  by  Dr.  S. 
f  these  waters  and 
>y  sometimes  pro- 
bhe  case  with  the 
ible  effects  of  the 
leir  alterative  or 
I  are  best  prom(^ted 
not  much  incre  .so 
I  body.  Like  the 
of  sulphuretted 
waters  contain,  is 
I  many  ^nses,  and 
kfter  it  has  been 
>f  a  portion  of  its 
nd  that  it  may  be 
lammatory  diathe- 
b  as  to  resist  its 
inistration  in  its 
graduation  of  the 
gas  to  the  wants 
\t  it,  especially  in 
ter,  is  a  practical 
the  use  of  such 
have  directed  a 


rs. 


-^ 


'^S^!^ 

^^.^« 


ii«*. 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0     m 


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Fhotograpbc 

Sdences 
Corporalion 


23  WIST  MAIN  STRHT 

W1BSTW,N.Y.  145t0 

(716)173-4303 


-m^^^m. 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHIVI/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


jf 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


*       ♦. 


AVON  WAIBBS — MEDICINAL  EMPLOYMENT.       456 

careful  attention  for  many  years.*    In  adminis- 
tering the  White  Sulphur  water  I  produce  the 
same  effect,  by  allowing  the  water  to  stand  in  an 
open  vessel  for  several  hours  before  it  is  used, 
that  Dr.  Salsbury  does  by  having  it  heated  before 
it  is  drunk.    From  four  to  seven  half-pint  glasses 
of  this  water,  taken  during  the  twenty-four  hours, 
will  generally  produce  a  slight  cathartic  effect, 
and    sometimes   purge  briskly.    Two    or  three 
tumblers  full  may  advantageously  be  taken  before 
breakfast,,  one  or  two  before  dinner,  and  one  or 
two  in  the  afternoon,  or  before  going  to  bed  at 
night.     No  particular  dose,  or  times  of  adminis- 
tration, can  be  positively  prescribed,  however,  as 
applicable  to  all  cases.    Its  administration  must 
be  regulated  by  the  indications  of  each,  and  regard 
must  be  had  to  age,  sex,  constitution,  disease, 
individual  peculiarity,  and  especially  to  nervous 
susceptibility.      It   is,    however,   most    prudent 
and  wise  for  the  invalid  before  he  commences 
the  use  of  this,  or  any  other  potent    mineral 
water,  to  obtain  the  advice  of  a  competent  physi- 
cijyi,  whose  practical  familiarity  with  the  use  of 
the  waters  in  question,  qualifies  him  to  advise  as 
to   its  adaptation  to  the  ^ase,  and  the  proper 
manner  of  using  it.     In  the    absence    of  such 
advice,  mistakes,  even  fatal  mistakes,  are  some- 
times made. 


*  See  Cbapter  YI,  on  the  Belative  Virtues  of  the  OaseooB  and 
Saline  Contents  of  the  Wtiite  Sulphur  Water,  &c. 


^t^ 


ii^M«*Mi«|aW^imP 


456       N.   Y.   SULPHUR   AND  ACIDULOUS  SPRINaS. 


r 


CHAPTER  XXXVI. 

NEW  YORK  SULPHUR  AND   ACIDULOUS   SPRINGS. 

Oltftffn  8pring»—MavMu»  Bpringa—OhUtenango  8pring»—Mea- 
fina  Sulphur  Springs — MdtiUus  Springs — Auburn  Springs — 
Ohappiqua  Springs— Bdrrowgafe  Spring— Spring  at  Troy— 
NeuHmrg  Spring — Springs  in  DuMiess  and  Columbia  Counties— 
CatsMU  Spring — NanUeoke  Spring — Dryden  Spring— Rochester 
Spring — Springs  in  Monroe  Courdy :  Gates,  Mendon  and 
Ogden — Verona  Spring — SaquoU  Spring — Springs  in  Niagara 
County— Seneca  or  Deer  Lick  Spring— Oak  Orchard  Add 
Springs— Arid  Spring  at  CUfton,  do. 

In  addition  to  the  two  principal  sulphurous 
springs  of  Sharron  and  Avon  already  noticed, 
there  are  numerous  others  of  less  puhlic  notoriety. 
The  first  of  these  I  shall  mention  is — 

CuFTON  Speings. — They  are  situated  in  the 
County  of  Ontario,  hetween  Vienna  and  Canan- 
daigua.  In  importance  they  should,  probably, 
rank  next  to  Sharron  and  Avon.  The  odor  and 
taste  of  these  waters  are  distinctly  sulphurous. 
Their  temperature  is  51°  Fah.  These  waters.  Dr. 
Beck  asserts,  have  their  origin  in  hydraulic  lime- 
stone, underlying  a  strata  of  common  limestone. 
There  are  here  several  springs,  one  of  which  is 
very  bold  and  yields  a  large  amount  of  water. 


I. 


IfaMM 


atgHumiimlmkm 


iiiiiiiiiiriiminifiiiilirrinrilirMiiif    'i1iriliii%tittiiriftttlli|(||(ii(|^ 


SPRINGS. 


CBirTENANGO   AND   MESSINA   SPRINOS. 


457 


LOUS   SPRIKGS. 

sw^o  8pring»—Ma- 
-Auburn  Springs — 
-Spring  at  Troy- 
Columbia  CaunHet— 
n  Spring— Boeheiter 
atet,  Mendon  and 
Springs  in  Niagara 
kik    Orchard   Add 


)al  sulphurous 
Lready  noticed, 
ttblic  notoriety, 
is — 

tuated  in  the 
la  and  Oanan- 
»uld,  probably, 
The  odor  and 
ily  sulphurous, 
lese  waters,  Dr. 
hydraulic  lime- 
mon  limestone, 
ne  of  which  is 
ount  of  water. 


No  analysis  of  these  waters  has  been  given  to  the 
public  that  I  am  aware  of. 

Chittenanoo  Springs  are  in  the  County  of 
Madison,  near  Chittenango  Creek.  Two  springs 
here  have  attracted  attention ;  their  temperature 
is  49°  Fah.  They  have  been  ascertained-  to  con- 
tain the  sulphates  and  carbonates  of  lime,  sul- 
phate of  magnesia,  chloride  of  sodium,  with 
sulphuretted  hydrogen  and  carbonic  acid  gases. 
Dr.  Beck  remarks  that  these  waters  are  highly 
esteemed  in  many  cases  of  disease,  and  their 
location  being  very  eligible,  he  expresses  the 
opinion  that  when  they  are  better  known  they 
will  be  much  resorted  to. 

Mbssina  Sulphur  Springs— Are  situated  three 
miles  northeast  of  Syracuse  and  one  mile  from 
the  Erie  Canal.  The  temperature  of  their  water 
is* 50°  Fah.,  and  its  taste  strongly  sulphurous. 
It  is  said  to  have  been  used  with  good  e£Qpcts  in 
many  cases. 

An  analysis  of  the  water  shows  it  to  contain,  in 
one  pint: — 

Carbonate  of  lime 1'86  grains. 

Sulpliate  of  lime 855      " 

Sulphate  of  magneria •  1-86     " 

Chloride  of  calcium 1-88     " 

1800 


••WMpM** 


458        N.  Y.  SULPHUR  AND  ACIDULOUS  BPBINOS. 


■ 


Manlius  Springs— Are  found  in  Onandaga 
County.  They  are  slightly  saline  in  taste,  and 
are  impregnated  but  in  slight  degree  with  sul- 
phuretted hydrogen  gas.  They  have  acquired 
some  local  reputation  as  a  remedial  agent. 

In  the  neighborhood  of  these  springs  there  is  a 
small  sulphurous  lake,  known  by  the  name  of 
Lake  Sodom.  We  are  told  by  Dr.  Beck  that  the 
depth  of  this  lake  gradually  increases  from  its 
northern  outlet  from  twenty-five  to  one  hundred 
and  sixty-eight  feet,  and  that  water  drawn  from 
this  depth  is  found  to  be  highly  impregnated  with 
sulphuretted  hydrogen.  The  color  of  the  water  in 
this  lake  is  a  deep  green,  from  which  it  is  some- 
times called  Oreen  Pond. 

Auburn  Springs. — ^There  are  two  springs  that 
bear  this  name,  separated  several  miles  from  each 
other.  One  of  these  is  situated  two  miles  north 
of  the  village  of  Auburn ;  the  other  four  miles 
west  fif  the  same  village.  An  analysis  of  the 
latter  spring,  by  Dr.  Chilton,  shows  the  following 
ingredients  in  one  pint  of  the  water : — 

Sulphate  of  lime 1500  gralna. 

Sulpbate  of  magnesia 8*20     " 

Ohloride  of  magnesiom..... 0*25     " 

Cliloride  of  sodium , 0-76     " 

iTio    " 
Sulphuretted  hydrogen,  1*5  cubic  inches. 


ItiUlii  mfiiii  iii'<rtii'i 


[  I  lIHiilliMiaililBte 


I  SPBINOS. 

in  Onandaga 
I  in  taste,  and 
gree  with  sul- 
bave    acquired 

agent. 

ings  there  is  a 
Y  the  name  of 
Beck  that  the 
reases  from  its 
0  one  hundred 
er  drawn  from 
pregnated  with 

of  the  water  in 
ich  it  is  some- 


ro  springs  that 
miles  from  each 
NO  miles  north 
ther  four  miles 
analysis  o^  the 
vs  the  following 
er:^ — 

15-00  grains. 

820     " 

0-25     " 

0-76     " 

wio    " 


CHAPPIQUA — HABBOWOATE— NBWBURQ. 


459 


In  the  Valley  of  the  Hudson,  Dr.  Beck  mentions 
numerous  sulphurous  springs.  They  are  found 
from  the  neighborhood  of  Sing  Sing  to  Fort 
Miller,  a  distance  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles. 


The  Chappiqua  Spring  is  four  miles  from  Sing 
Sing.  It  holds  in  solution  sulphate  of  lime, 
chloride  of  calcium,  and  the  muriate  of  iron  and 
magnesia. 

Habrowoatb  Spring  is  near  Greenbush,  in  Rens- 
saellaer  County. 

There  is  also  a  sulphurous  spring  in  the  north- 
ern end  of  the  City  of  Troy,  in  Rensaellaer 
County. 

There  are  several  sulphur  springs  in  the 
County  of  Albany,  one  of  them  very  near  the 
City  of  Albany. 


The  Nbwburg  Spring,  slightly  impregnated  with 
sulphuretted  hydrogen,  is  ia  the  County  of 
Orange. 

In  Dutchess  and  Columbia  Counties  there  are 
several  springs.  The  most  noted  one  in  Dutchess 
is  near  Ameniaville.  In  Columbia  there  is  one  on 
♦he  farm  of  Mr.  McNaughton,  between  the  Shaker 
Village  and  Lebanon  Springs,  and  another  near 
the  village  of  Kinderhook. 


f 


460       N.  T.  BDLPHUa  AMD  ACIDULOUS  SPBINOS. 

The  Catskill  Sprino  is  two  miles  from  the 
village  of  Catskill,  in  the  County  of  Qreen. 
There  are  several  others  in  the  same  neighbor- 
hood. 

In  the  southwestern  part  of  the  State,  we  find 
the  Nanticoke  Spring,  in  the  County  of  Broome. 
It  has  acquired  considerable  reputation.  Dryden 
Springs  MQ  in  the  town  of  Dryden,  in  Thompkins 
County,  ten  miles  from  Ithaca.  They  have  acquired 
reputation  in  their  region  of  country,  and  are 
considerably  resorted  to. 

BooHBSTER  SPBnra,  otherwise  known  as  Long- 
muir'a  Sulphur  WeU,  in  the  City  of  Rochester,  is 
much  used  by  the  inhabitants  of  the  City.  It  rises 
through  a  boring  of  two  hundred  feet  in  depth.  It 
.  deposits,  when  heated  to  100^  Fah.,  carbonate  of 
lime  kind  sulphur.  Its  temperature  at  the  surface 
is  usually  52°  Fah.,  and  its  specific  gravity, 
1 '00407.    One  pint  of  the  water  contains : — 

Carbonate  of  Ume  and  aiagnesia,  ylth  a  trace  of  irop...l'48  graiitB. 

Chloride  of  sodium 6-63      " 

Sulphate  of  wda «-99     " 


Sulphuretted  hydrogen  3*16  caUc  inches. 
Carbonic  acid  in  small  quantity. 


14-M 


In  the  County  of  Monroe  are  the  Sulphureous 
Springs  of  0(Uea,  Mendon  and  Ogden,  at  all  of 
which  there  are  suitable  bathing  arrangements, 
and  proper  accommodations  for  visitors. 


^1'1ffili*MtflilrriMiTiaiWtiigi:iri 


SSy 


INOS. 

1  from  the 

of    Qreen. 

QeigUbor- 

^te,  vre  find 
of  Broome. 
1.  Dry  den 
Ihompkins 
ve  acquired 
Yf  aod  are 

a  as  Jjong- 
jchester,  is 
ij.  It  rises 
L  depth.  It 
arbonate  of 
the  surface 
Ic  gravity, 
ins: — 

a...l'48  grains. 

6-63      " 

...  .«-9»      " 


tulphureoas 
I,  at  all  of 
angements, 


VBRONA  BPftlNM. 


461 


Verona  Spring  is  in  Oneida  County,  fourteen 
miles  from  Utica.  Professor  Noye's  analysis  of 
the  water  of  this  spring,  shows  that  one  pint 
contains : — 

Chloride  of  calcium  with  chloride  of  magneBium..  880  gr»Jn» 
Sulphate  of  lime..       "^'^ 


Chloride  of  sodium. 


..9000 
10600 


Sulphuretted  hydrogen  is  veiy  abundant  in  the  water,  amount- 
ing alm<»t  to  complete  saturation. 

About  nine  miles  from  tJtica  are  the  Saguoit 
Springs.  Their  waters  are  very  highly  impreg- 
nated with  carburetted  hydrogen,  and  contains  m 
considerable  quantities  the  chlorides  of  sodium 
and  magnesium,  with  a  small  portion  of  the  sul- 
phate of  lime,  and  a  trace  of  iron.  So  abundant 
is  the  carburetted  hydrogen  in  the  water,  that  it 
is  collected,  conducted  through  tubes,  and  kept 
constantly  burning. 

In  Niagara  County,  there  are  several  Sulphur 
Springs ;  among  them  may  be  mentioned  those 
near  the  Falls  of  Niagara,  those  near  Lockport, 
and  also  those  in  the  neighborhood  of  Lewistown. 
The  Seneca,  or  Dter  Lick  Springs,  are  in  Erie 
County,  four  miles  from  Buflfalo.  They  hold  in 
solution  carbonate  of  litit.  soida  and  magnesia, 
with  sulphate  of  lime.  Taey  abound  richly  m 
sulphuretted  hydrogen  % 


462 


ACID  SPBINOS  Of   NBW  YORK. 


Wo  are  told  that  Sulphurous  Springs  are  also 
found  in  the  northern  part  of  New  York,  in  Lewis, 
Clinton  and  St.  Laurence  Counties. 


1. 


ACID  SPRINGS  OP  NEW  YORK. 

In  addition  to  the  acidulo-saline  and  sulphurous 
waters  already  described,  there  are  in  New  York 
several  aciduhtu  springs.  The  acid  quality  of 
these  waters  is  owing  to  their  holding  in  solution 
an  excess  of  sulphuric  acid,  which  is  readily 
detected  both  by  their  taste  and  by  chemical 
reagents. 

These  waters  are  found  to  be  so  largely  im- 
pregnated with  iron  in  the  form  of  a  proto-sulphate, 
and  with  sulphate  of  aUnmina,  as  to  entitle  them 
to  be  called  Chalybeates  or  Alum  waters,  with  as 
much  propriety  as  they  are  called  adduloua. 
Similar  springs  in  Virginia,  are  uniformly  known 
by  the  namie  of  Alum  Springs. 

Acidulated  aluminous  springs,  partaking  of 
the  same  general  character  of  the  Acid  Springs  of 
Now  York,  which  we  are  about  to  consider,  are 
found  in  every  neighborhood  in  certain  geological 
districts  in  Virginia,  and  especially  on  the  eastern 
and  western  slopes  of  the  Alleghany  chain  of 
mountains,  through  the  entire  district  there 
known  as  the  great  "Spring  Region." 

Fountains  of  the  same  general  character  are 
found  in  Pennsylvania,  and  also  in  the  eastern 


.llftl-'l-ir-tf-f-^-'    '  •"'  '"'"''^'"  -■«V»''iiT"iw.««->r1*i«*"»^«*-- 


K. 


OAK  ORCHARD  SPRINOS. 


463 


rings  are  also 
ork,  in  Lewis, 


)BK. 

,nd  sulphurous 
I  in  Now  York 
jid  quality  of 
ing  in  solution 
ich  is  readily 
I   by  chemical 

BO  largely  im- 
proto-sulphate, 
to  entitle  them 
raters,  with  as 
lied  acidulous. 
liformly  known 

y  partaking  of 
\cid  Springs  of 

0  consider,  are 
rtain  geological 
f  on  the  eastern 
;hany  chain  of 

district    there 
on. 

1  character  are 
)  in  the  eastern 


portion  of  Tennessee,  and  will  probably  be  dis- 
covered along  the  entire  course  of  the  great 
Apalachian  upheavings,  or  axis  of  disturbance 
from  the  extreme  north  to  the  alluvial  plains  of 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

The  principal  springs  of  this  class  in  New  York, 
are  the  Oak  Orchard  Springs.  They  are  eight  in 
number.  Their  situatipn  is  in  Genesee  County, 
eighfc  miles  southeast  from  Lockport,  and  about 
six  miles  from  the  Erie  canal,  at  the  village  of 
Medina.  These  waters  have  been  analyzed  by 
Professor  Emmons  and  Dr.  Chilton. 

Professor  Emmons'  examinations  of  Spring  No. 
1,  shows  that  one  pint  of  the  water  contains  the 
following  ingredients : — 

,    Free  sulphuric  add 81-60  gnini. 

Sulphate  of  protoxide  of  iron 1060     " 

Sulphate  of  Ihne 460      " 

Sulphate  of  magnesia 2*00     " 

Silica 0-88     " 

Organic  matter 1-88     " 

6916 
Equal  to  478.28  grains  to  the  gallon. 

Spring  No.  2  was  found  to  contain  but  24*25 
grains  of  free  acid  and  solid  ingredients  to  the 
pint,  and  No.  3  but  1933. 

Dr.  Chilton  by  an  analysis  of  one  gallon  of  the 
water  of  Spring  No.  1,  arrives  at  results  strikingly 


KHJilli><t<^' 


mflflni'mtiKt 


mmt! 


464  ACID  SPRINOfl  0»  KKW  IfOBK. 

different  from  thoBO  of  Professor  Emmons.     His 
researches  shows  one  gallon  to  contoin  : 

Free  .ulphurtc  Held "'S*^)" 

Sulphate  of  lltno 8»JJ|  „ 

PhoBpbatooflron 1*»*  ,, 

.    Sulphate  of  Blumlnii ^^  ,, 

Sulphate  of  magnesia »"^  ^^ 

Silica JJ*  „ 

Organic  extractive  matter Q"^ 

16016 
Squal  to  about  20  grains  to  the  pint. 

The  difference  in  the  amount  of  these  vroters  in 
the  several  fountains  during  wet  and  dry  tseather 
is  always  noticeable,  and  in  some  instances  is  very 
remarkable.     Generally,  they  are  surface  springs, 
the  waters  obtaining  their  peculiar  impregnations 
by  percolating  through  the  peculiar  argillite  slate 
in  which  they  are  found.     Whatever  difficulties 
there  may  be    in  accounting    for  the  peculiar 
impregnations  of  some  mineral  waters,  there  are 
none  in  reference  to  this  class,  for  portions  of  the 
Blaty  rock  through  which  the  waters  percolate, 
when   immersed  in  common  water,  produce  the 
very  same  impregnations  that  are  found  in  the 
water  in  the  pools  in  which  it  is  collected  for  use. 
Many  persons  in  the  South  use  at -their  homes  the 
Virginia  alum  waters  prepared  in  thisjpro  re  nata 
way  from  the  rock  obtained  from  the  various  alum 
fountains. 

"    ■■■■'■  I  '" 

•  Mineral  and  Thermal  Springs  of  the  United  States  and  Canada. 


mtmm 


iiiililMIHI 


lMHi^< 


OAK   ORCHARD  SPRINOS. 


m 


itnonfi.     Hii 

i:  * 

f)a  00  gfftlnB 

3900  " 

1483  " 

008  " 

8-28  " 

104  " 

828  " 


6016 

ese  vratcrs  in 
1  dry  iweather 
tances  is  very 
rface  springs, 
tnpregnations 
argillite  slate 
er  difficulties 

the  peculiar 
ers,  there  are 
ortions  of  the 
ers  percolate, 
,  produce  the 

found  in  the 
lected  for  use. 
leir  homes  the 
his  pro  re  nata 
3  various  alum 


States  and  Canada. 


Taking  Dr.  Chilton's  analysis  as  the  standard, 
the  Oak  Orchard  Springs  more  resemble  the  Rock- 
bridge alum  waters  in  Virginia,  than  any  others 
to  which  they  can  be  compared.  Theresemblance 
is  only  striking  in  this,  however,  that  they  both 
contain  free  sulphuric  acid,  alumina  and  iron  in 
marked  i)roportions ;  the  sulphuric  acid,  lime, 
iron  and  magnesia  in  the  New  York  springs 
being  greater  than  in  the  Virginia  waters,  while 
the  alumina  and  silica  are  moro  than  fifty  per 
cent  greater  in  the  latter.  In  addition  to  these 
ingredients,  common  to  both  waters,  the  Rock- 
bridge luring  contains  chlorate  of  sodium,  crenate 
of  ammonia  and  free  carbonic  acid,  ingredients 
not  found  in  the  Oak  Orchard  Springs. 

As  therapeutic  agents,  this  class  of  waters  are 
tonic  and  astringent.  In  enfeebled  condition  of  the 
digestive  and  uterine  functions — in  cases  of  pure 
atony  or  feeUenesa  unaccompanied  by  inflammation, 
or  irritation  in  any  of  the  organs — in  exhaustion 
from  previous  disease,  where  the  chief  complaint 
is  debility — and  in  cases  of  anoemia  or  poverty  of 
the  blood,  when  unconnected  with  obstinate  vis- 
ceral obstructions,  they  are  safely  and  beneficially 
prescribed.  In  passive  hemorrhages,  long  con- 
tinued intermittents  and  dropsical  efi'usions, 
unattended  with  organic  obstructions — in  leucor- 
rhooaand  chlorosis,  they  arc  often  beneficial.  In 
chronic  diarrhoea,  as  well  as  in  chronic  irritations 
and  debility  of  the  kidneys,  bladder  and  urethra, 


i 


468 


ACID  SPRINGS  OP  NEW  YORK. 


they  are  usefully  employed.  The  Virginiajaters 
of  this  class  have  proven  eminently  remedial  m 
scrofula  ;  indeed,  no  remedy  is  now  attracting  so 
much  attention  for  this  formidahle  disease,  lu  the 
southern  country,  as  the  alum  waters.  Upon  this 
particular  suhject,  as  well  as  for  a  more  general 
notice  of  the  therapeutiq  range  of  such  waters,  I 
refer  the  reader  to  what  has  hcen  said  under  the 
head  of  the  Bockbridge  Alum  Springs. 

Dr.  8.  P.  White*  thinks  favorably  of  the  Oak 
Orchard  Spring  waters  in  some  of  the  cutaneous 
diseases,  and  in  the  colliquative  sweats  of  hectic 
fever.  He  regards  it  worthy  of  a  trial  m  the 
phosphatlo  diathesis,  in  cholica  pictonum  and 
asthma,  and  also  in  chronic  laryngitis,  pharyin- 
getis  and  chronic  conjunctivetis. 

Dr.  White  recommends  that  this  water  he  taken 
in  "about  a  wine  glass  full,  diluted  with  simple 
water,  three  times  a  day."  This  dose  is  much 
smaller  than  I  have  been  accustomed  to  recommend 
in  the  use  of  similar  waters.  The  practice  found 
most  beneficial  with  the  Virginia  waters  of  the 
same  general  character,  is  to  use  from  two  to  six 
half-pint  glasses  in  the  course  of  the  twenty-four 

hours. 

At  Clifton  Springs,  twelve  miles  from  Geneva, 
there  is  an  acid  spring.  I  have  not  seen  an 
analysis  of  it.         ' . ^ 

•Paper  read  before  the  New  York  Academy  of  Medicine  in 
December,  1848.  Vuie  Mineral  and  Thermal  ^prtngt  tf  Umted 
Staitti,  Ae. 


^^^^l)lj^iiii0iftmimimtiiimt<' mnu  ,  |ii,ir,,^ii^Mi^i|M(Mi'!i»wiMt'iiwiM'i*''i«toiu»iwiia^ 


BTRON   8PWNQ3. 


467 


■ginia  waters 
remedial  in 
ittracting  so 
Lsease,  iu  the 
.  Upon  this 
more  general 
uch  ■waters,  I 
id  under  the 

y  of  the  Oak 
he  cutaneous 
ats  of  hectic 
trial  in  the 
tictonum  and 
itis,  pharyin- 

mter  he  taken 
i  with  simple 
dose  is  much 
to  recommend 
practice  found 
waters  of  the 
•om  two  to  six 
lie  twenty-four 

from  Geneva, 
not  seen  an 


Byron  Acid  or  Sour  Springs  are  the  pames  given 
to  two  acidulous  springs  in  the  town  of  Byron, 
Genesee  County.  One  of  these  springs  is  near  the 
Byron  Hotel,  and  is  remarkahle  for  the  great 
quantity  of  acid  contained  in  its  waters.  It  is  a 
stream  of  considerahle  holdness,  so  much  so  as  to 
he  sufficient  to  operate  a  grist  mill. 

Dr  Beck  descrihes  this  water  as  intensely  sour, 
transparent  and  colorless,  and  of  the  specific 
gravity  of  1-11304  at  60°  Fah.  Its  saline  matter, 
which  is  small,  consists  of  silica  and  alumina, 
with  small  quantity  of  oxide  of  iron  and  lime.  Dr. 
Beck  remarks  that  "  this  is  a  nearly  pure,  though 
dilute  sulphuric  acid,  and  not  a  solution  of  acid 
salts  as  has  heen  supposed,  for  the  hases  are  m  too 
minute  a  proportion  to  warrant  the  latter  opinion. 

Lebanon  Spring  helongs  to  the  thermal  class  of 
waters.  It  is  in  the  County  of  Columhia.  The 
hathing  here  is  very  delightful,  the  temperature 
of  the  water  heiug  constantly  Ti°  Fahrenheit.  Its 
min&ral  impregnation  is  scarcely  noticeahle,  hemg 
only  a  grain  and  a  quarter  in  a  pint.  So  ahundant 
is  the  supply  of  this  thermal  water  that  it  is 
employed  to  operate  two  or  three  mills  erected  at 
no  great  distance  from  its  source. 


my  of  Medicine  in 
',  Sprtngi  <if  IMted 


mmntmimm 


lil'WIi 


i)t  tiitrrti^riMwWwiW^iW*!!'**'! 


4i06 


8PBINQS  09   PENNSTLVAVU. 


CHAPTER  XXXVIL 

Sl»ftING8  OP   PENNSYLVANIA. 

Be^ord  Bpringa— Frankfort  Mitwral  Springs— GhdlybeaiB  Spring 
near  Pitttburg—Tork  8pring$—CarUde  Bpringt—Perry  County 
Springt-^DoubUng  Gap  and  Chalyoeate  *  Springi — Fayette 
Spring-^Bath  ChaHybeate  Spring— Blotiburg  Spring—Ephraia 
SjprinffB-'^TeBou)  Sprtnga—Cakdonia  Springe. 

FuBSUiNa  the  plan  I  have  adopted  of  introducing 
the  States  somewhat  in  respect  to  the  extent  and 
importance  of  their  mineral  waters,  I  next  notice 
the  mineral  springs  of  Pennsylvania ;  and,  first, 
as  l^plding  the  highest  rank  among  her  mineral 
fountains,  the — 

BEDPORD  SPBINGS. 

The  strong  mineral  impregnation  of  the  Bedford 
waters,  their  valuable  therapeutic  effects,  the 
hi^h  mountain  altitude  in  which  they  are  situated, 
together  with  the  delightful  summer  climate  and 
very  pleasant  mountain  scenery  of  their  neighbor- 
hood, combine  to  make  them  a.  place  of  large, 
pleasant  and  useful  resort,  alike  to  the  seekers  of 
health  and  the  votaries  of  pleasure.  They  are  in 
the  County  of  Bedford,  and  two  miles  from  the 


.mM-mMmVunmnk'ii^Metli 


akdbuson's  spring. 


469 


haljfieatB  Sprinff 
it— Perry  Couit^ 
1pring$ — Fajfette 
'jpring—Ephnxta 


I  introducing 
s  extent  and 
[  next  notice 
;  and,  first, 
her  mineral 


f  the  Bedford 

effects,  the 

are  situated) 

climate  and 

eir  neighbor- 

ice  of  large, 

le  seekers  of 

They  are  in 

les  from  the 


village  of  Bedford,  one  hundred  miles  west  of 
Harrisburg,  and  one  hundred  and  thirty  miles 
northwest  from  Baltimore ;  they  are  less  than  one 
hundred  miles  east  of  Pittsburg,  and  one  hundred 
and  thirty  northwest  from  Washington. 

The  principal  spring  is  known  as  Anderson' a ^ 
the  others  are  called  Sweet,  Sulphur,  Chalybeate, 
Limestone  and  Fletcher's  or  Upper  Spring. 

Anderson's  SpRiNa  is  a  saline  chalybeate  water. 
Its  most  active  ingredients  are  sulphate  of  mag- 
nesia and  carbonate  of  iron,  the  former  exists  in 
the  water  in  the  large  proportion  of  80  grains  to 
the  gallon,  the  latter  in  5  grains.     Dr.  Church, 
who  analyzed  this  water  in  185i5,  states  that  "  the 
water  is  clear,  lively  and  sparkling.     At  10  A. 
M.,  on  the  28th  of  May,  the  temperature  of  the 
water  in  the  spring  was  58°  Fah.,  while  that  of 
the  surrounding  atmosphere  was  73°  of  the  same 
scale.    Its    specific  gravity  is  1029.    It  has    a 
peculiar  saline  taste,  resembling  a  weak  solution 
of    Epsom    salts    in    water,    impregnated    with 
carbonic  acid,  and  exhales  no  perceptible  odor. 
On  exposure  in  an  open  vessel  to  the  air,  it 
becomes  vapid,  but  does  not  become  turbid  or 
deposit  a  sediment.     The  water  deposits  carbonate 
of  iron  on  those  substances  over  which   it  con- 
stantly fiows.     Limestone,  iron  ore,  calcareous  and 
silicious  substances  abound  about  the  spring. 

40 


'~^«w 


iji*ijiiiM*>).»|tii»i>||''nifei)^arj^ 


470  SPRINGS  OF  PBNKSYLVANIA. 

Dr.  Church's  analysis  of  one  quart  of  the  water 
shows  the  following  results  :— 

Sulphate  of  magnesia  or  Epflom  Baits. .....  20  graiM. 

Sulphate  of  lime •••*    ^  |^ 

Muriate  of  soda •••    ^  ,, 

Muriate  of  lime •••••      *  ,, 

Carbonate  of  iron *»  ^^ 

Carbonate  of  Ihne ^  ^, 

Loss. • 

81 
Carbonic  acid  gas  18i  cubic  inches. 

The  Swbbt  Springs,  (Dr.  Church,)  "are  two  in 
numher,  and  issue  from  fissures  in  slate  rocks, 
about  fifty  yards  apart,  on  the  east  side  of  Federal 
Hill,  ahout  one  hundred  and  fifty  yards  from 
Anderson's  Spring,  from  which  they  are  separated 
by,  Shover's  Creek.  They  are  copious  springs,  of 
remarkably  pure  water,  which  is  very  clear  and 
colorless.  Its  temperature  was,  on  the  28tb  of 
May,  52°  Fab.  The  water  of  these  springs  is  used 
for  cooking,  washing,  &c.,  by  the  residents  at 
Bedford  Springs,  and  the  visitors  decidedly  prefer 
it  for  drinking  water,  and,  on  Account  of  its  purity, 
they  very  appropriately  called  these  springs  the 
Sweet  Springs." 

Thb  SutPHUR  Spring  is  on  the  west  side  of 
Shover's  Creek,  about  two  hundred  yards  from 
Anderson's  Spring.  It  is  not  as  copious  in  its  flow 
as  the  other  springs.    Its  temperature  is  B6°  Fah., 


t'llliiitr'iir  •'■':''"'"-^'" 


jimiriiTn'i.'liitiiit'ii  t  f  ■•■■.^■iy. 


%i)Umutm» 


i. 


CUALTBEATE  SPRINO. 


mx 


tofth€ 

(Water 

..  20  gnina. 

.    81 

It 

..    2i 

u 

..      1 

It 

..    U 

11 

81 

,)  "are  two  in 
in  slate  rocks, 
side  of  Federal 
ty  yards  from 
y  are  separated 
ma  springs,  of 
very  clear  and 
1  the  28th  of 
springs  is  used 
le  residents  at 
lecidedly  prefer 
nt  of  its  purity, 
!se  springs  the 

e  west  side  of 
ed  yards  from 
pious  in  its  flow 
ire  is  56°  Fah., 


and  it  has  a  strong  odor  of  sulphuretted  hydro- 
gen. Dr.  Church's  experiments  with  this  water 
determined  that  it  holds  in  solution  carhonic 
acid,  sulphuretted  hydrogen  gas,  with  lime,  mag- 
nesia and  common  salt  in  small  quantities.  This 
spring  contains  no  iron. 

The   Chalybeate   Spring,  Dr.   Church  states, 
"rises  in  a  meadow,  ahout  one  and  a  half  miles 
northeast  of  Bedford,  and  about  three  miles  from 
Anderson's  Spring.     It  is  not  a  copious  spring. 
The  water  exhales  the  peculiar  odor  of  sulphu- 
retted hydrogen  gas,  and  is  covered  with  a  thin 
whitish    pellicle.    When   first    taken    from  the 
'  spring  it  is  clear  and  limpid,  but  on  exposure  in 
an  open  vessel  to  the  action  of  the  air,  it  becomes 
turbid.    Its  taste    is    ferruginous    and    slightly 
hepatic."     Experiments    prove  that  this  water 
contains  sulphuretted  hydrogen  and  carbonic  acid 
gases,  carbonate  of  iron,  muriate  of  soda,  and  a 
minute    portion  of  magnesia.    In  cleaning  out 
this  spring,  many  years  ago,  a  part  of  the  skele- 
ton of  a  mammoth  was  found  imbedded  in  the 
mud. 

The  LufESlONB  Speing  is  a  bold  fountain  of  pure 
water,  about  two  hundred  yards  below  Anderson' ■ 
Spring.    Its  temperature  is  51°  Fah. 

Flbioher's,  or  T5H  Uppbr  Sprino,  is  on  the 
west  side  of  Constitution  Hill,  one  hundred  and 


'iriii'if"' 


472 


SPRHTOB  or    PENNSYLVANIA. 


fifty  yards  from  Anderson's  Spring.  Its  tempera- 
ture is  55°  Fah.  Dr.  Church's  experiments  with 
this  watfer  show  that  it  contains  rather  more  iron 
and  common  salt,  with  less  magnesia,  and  about 
the  same  proportion  of  the  other  ingredients,  that 
are  found  in  the  waters  of  Anderson's  Spring. 

The  Bedford  waters  are  laxative  and  tonic  in 
their  effects.  They  are  said  to  "give  rise  to  full 
purging,  and  cause  a  discharge  of  bilious  or  other 
acrid  matters,  with  as  much  activity  as  the  most 
powerful  purgatives.  They  also  excite  the  action 
of  the  kidneys  and  skin,  causing  a  very  free 
secretion  of  urine  and  perspiration." 

Dr.  Caspar  Morris,  an  eminent  physician  of 
Philadelphia,  in  a  communication  to  the  Medical 
Examiner  in  1852,  thus  speaks  of  the  virtues  and 
manner  of  using  the  Bedford  waters : — 

"The  sensible  action  of  the  mineral  spring  at 
Bedford,  is  on  the  kidneys,  producing  very 
prompt  and  profuse  diuresis ;  on  the  skin,  giving 
rise  to  very  free  perspiration  ;  and  on  the  bowels, 
causing  gentle  catharsis.  It  will  thus  be  evident 
that  all  the  emunctories  are  stimulated  to 
increased  activity ;  the  discharges  are  copious, 
and  yet  not  only  is  no  debility  induced,  but  there 
is  an  actual  increase  of  vital  force  in  proportion  to 
this  activity.  I  have  myself  twice  gone  to  Bedford 
•o  prostrated  as  scarcely  to  endure  the  fatigue  of 


3l«t<li»Wfei'i'iii#J»llBi».' 


BEa>fORD   WATERS. 


479 


Its  tempera- 
rimentB  with 
er  more  iron 
a,  and  about 
redients,  that 
s  Spring. 

and  tonic  in 
e  rise  to  full 
liouB  or  other 

as  the  most 

ite  the  action 

a  very  free 
>> 

physician  of 
0  the  Medical 
le  virtues  and 
\: — 

eral  spring  at 
oducing  very 
e  skin,  giving 
an  the  bowels, 
lus  be  evident 
stimulated  to 
B  are  copious, 
iced,  but  there 
3  proportion  to 
;one  to  Bedford 
the  fatigue  of 


the    journey,    and    wholly    disqualified   for   all 
exertion,  and  have,  in  both  instances,  returned  at 
the  end  of  a  fortnight  or  three  weeks,  restored  to 
my  wonted  power  of  labor,  and  have  witnessed 
flimilar  results  in  the  cases  of  friends  and  patients. 
This  increase  of  energy  cannot  be  justly  attributed 
to  the  mere  catharsis  of  diuresis,  disgorging  the 
portal  circulation,  and  thus  promoting  digestion 
and  assimilation,  though,  undoubtedly,  much  la 
due  to  this  cau,eo." 

Dr.  Morris  recommends  that  patients  commence 
the  use  of  th«  water  early  in   the  morning,  and 
take  as  much  as  five  glasses  before  breakfast,  with 
intervals  of  not  less  than  ten  minutes  between  the 
glasses.    He  advises  a  brisk  walk  between  each 
glass,  and  that  two  hours  should  be  occupied  with 
the  drinking  and  walking  before  breakfast,  and 
adds,  "during  which  time  the  skin  and  kidneys 
will  pour  forth  an  amount  of  fluid  proportioned  to 
the  quantity  which  has  been  swallowed,  and  these 
eecretioBS  should  be  promoted  by  exercise  adapted 
to  the  strength  of  the    invalid.    The  quantity 
mentioned  will  generally  occasion  some  three  or 
four  watery  evacuations  from  the  bowels,  of  a 
bright  yellow  color,  without  pain  or  exhaustion. 
Should  this  not  occur  during  the  two  hours  follow- 
ing breakfast,  another  glass  should  be  swallowed 
before  dinner,  and  in  case  the  bowels  should  still 
resist  the  influence  of  the  water,  a  dose  of  blue 
40* 


■SB 


474 


SPRIKCW  OF    PBKirSYLVANIA. 


pill  should  be  taken  at  bed  time,  followed  in  the 
morning  either  by  calcined  magnesia  or  the 
addition  of  Epsom  salts  to  the  water.  I  have 
never  known  the  water  to  prove  violently  or 
painfully  active,  but  in  one  person.  In  such  an 
event  the  use  of  it  should  be  suspended." 

Dr.  John  Bell  bears  testimony  from  his  own 
experience,  to  the  excellent  eflFects  of  this  water  m 
sick  headache,  and  in  other  cases  of  distressing 
nausei,  in  gastralgic  pains  and  constipation  of 
the  bowelB. 

Fbanoort   Mineral  Springs.— These   springs 
are  situated  in  Beaver  County,  twenty-six  miles 
southwest  from  Pittsburg,  and  one  mile  and  a  halt 
from  the  village  of  Frankfort.    The  principal 
SFing  is  known  as  Cave  Spring.    It  arises  within 
a  large  and  very  romantic  cave,  on  the  plantation 
of  Mr.  Stevens.    The  cave  itself  is  an  interesting 
natural  curiosity,  and  is  much   visited   by  the 
people  of  the  surrounding  country.    Dr.  Church, 
of  Pittsburg,  directed  attention  to  the  medicinal 
Virtues  of  the  Cave  Spring  water  many  years  ago. 
By  his  analysis  the  water  is  found  to  contain 
carbonic   acid,  carbonate  of  iron,  carbonate  of 
magnesia,  muriate  of  soda,  a  minute  portion  of 
bitumen  and  sulphuretted  hydrogen  gas. 

There  is  a  fountain  known  as  Leiper's  Spnng 
very  near  Frankfort,  which  Dr.  Church  found  to 
hold  iu  solution  somewhat  more  carbonate  of  iron 


iiliiMiii»,iii:'.iwi'i.' 


mimMmi}A»*»'Ma''m<«}«mw'^A-»u..-.L.'it-i<'m 


i. 

llowod  in  the 
nesia  or  the 
ater.  I  have 
>  violently  or 
In  such  an 
led." 

from  his  own 

f  this  water  in 

of  distressing 

onstipation  of 


These   springs 
enty-six  miles 
mile  and  a  half 
The  principal 
[t  arises  within 
the  plantation 
an  interesting 
nsited   by  the 
.    Dr.  Church, 
I  the  medicinal 
aany  years  ago. 
And  to  contain 
I,  carljonate  of 
nute  portion  of 
m  gas. 

Leiper's  Spring 
hurch  found  to 
irbohate  of  iron 


CHALYBEATE  SFIUNO. 


476 


und  muriate  of  soda,  with  less  magnesia,  and 
about  the  same  proportion  of  carbonic  acid, 
sulphuretted  hydrogen  and  bitumen,  that  is  found 
in  the  Cave  Spring  water. 

Dr.  Church  remarks  that  these  waters  some- 
times occasion  nausea  and  vomiting  when  first 
drunk,  but,  generally,  they  set  kindly  and 
pleasantly  on  the  stomach.  It  generally  operates 
mildly  on  the  bowels  and  copiously  by  the  kid- 
neys. With  some  persons  its  free  use  occasions 
vertigo,  with  slight  sensation  of  intoxication. 
As  a  therapeutic  agent  it  is  said  to  "  regulate  the 
bowels,  strengthen  the  stomach,  improve  the  appe- 
tite, clear  the  skin,  promote  diaphoresis,  and 
cause  great  freedom  of  urination." 

Chalybeate  Spring  near  PrcxsBaRG.— This  spring 
is  about  four  miles  from  the  City  of  Pittsburg. 
Dr.  John  Bell*  gives  the  following  description 
and  analysis  of  it  by  Dr.  Meade  :— 

"When  the  water  remains  undisturbed  for  a 
few  hours,  it  is  covered  by  a  white  pellicle,  its 
taste  is  lively  and  rather  pungent,  with  a  peculiar 
ferruginous  flavor,  and  it  exhales  an  odor  of 
sulphuretted  hydrogen  gas.  Its  temperature  is 
very  generally  uniform,  and  is  54°  Fah.  The 
specific  gravity  of  the  water  differs  little  from  the 
purest  water,  and  is  as  1002  to  1000. 

•Mimnl  and  Thermal  Springs,  &c 


476 


8PRIN08   OF   PBVNSTLVAMIA. 


"According  to  Dr.  Meade's  analysis  it  contains 
ihuriato  of  soda,  2  grains  ;  muriate  of  magnesia, 
^  grain  ,  oxide  of  iron,  1  grain;  sulphate  of  lime, 
\  grain  ;  carbonic  acid  gas  in  one  quart  of  water, 
18  cubic  inches. 

*«  Dr.  Meade  thinks  this  water  even  superior, 
in  a  medical  point  of  view,  to  the  water  of  the 
Schooley'a  Mountain  Spring,  which  has  long  sus- 
tained a  high  character  for  its  chalybeate  proper- 
ties." 

Itofx  SpRiNas. — These  springs  are  in  Adams 
County,  and  are  readily  reached  by  railroad  from 
Philadelphia  and  Baltimore.  There  are  here  two 
principal  springs,  one  strongly  chalybeate,  the 
other  distinctly  ealine.  The  latter  contains  6 
grains  sulphate  of  lime,  4  muriate  of  soda,  and 
1'20  sulphate  of  magnesia  in  a  pint  of  water. 
This  spring  is  said  to  be  diuretic  and  somewhat 
cathartic.  The  chalybeate  is  doubtless  adapted 
to  the  class  of  diseases  in  which  chalybeate  waters 
are  commonly  prescribed. 

Cabuslb  Sprixos  are  mild  stUphuroua  toaiere. 
They  are  near  the  pleasant  town  of  Carlisle, 
through  which  passes  the  railroad  from  Phila- 
delphia to  Pittsburg.  The  hotel  accommodations 
here  are  said  to  be  very  good. 

Perry  Couktt  Spbinos.— These  springs  are  at 
the  base  of  Pisgah  Mountain,  fourteen  miles  from 


k. 

lis  it  oontaina 

of  magnesia, 

Iphate  of  lime, 

iiart  of  water, 

Bven  superior, 
water  of  the 
has  long  sus- 
ybeate  proper- 
are  in  Adams 
railroad  from 
•e  are  here  two 
chalybeate,  the 
er   contains    6 
e  of  soda,  and 
pint  of  water, 
and  somewhat 
ibtless  adapted 
alybeate  waters 

ohuroua  toaters. 
m  of  Carlisle, 
A  from  Phila- 
locommodations 


springs  are  at 
teen  miles  from 


DOUDLINO  OAP    flPRINOS. 


ill 


Harrisburg,  and  eleven  from  Carlisle.  They 
belong  distinctly  to  the  thermal  claaay  their 
temperature  being  from  10°  to  72°  Fah.  When 
used  as  a  drink  they  are  gently  aperient  and 
decidedly  diuretic.  They  are  most  esteemed  as  a 
bath,  and  employed  in  this  way,  have  proved 
beneficial  in  various  disorders,  and  especially  in 
diseases  of  the  skin. 

DouBUNo  Gap  Solphuroub  and  Chalybbam 
Springs.— These  springs  are  in  Cumberland 
County,  about  thirty  miles  west  from  Harrisburg. 
They  are  eight  miles  from  Newville,  through 
which  the  Cumberland  Valley  Kailroad  passes, 
and  from  whence,  passengers  to  the  springs,  are 
conveyed  by  stages. 

I  am  indebted  to  Dr.  John  Bell  for  Professor 
Booth's  chemical  examinations  of  these  waters. 
He  says:  "the  odor  of   sulphuretted  hydrogen, 
perceived    at    some  distance  from  the  springs, 
imparts  to  this  water  the  peculiar  properties  of 
sulphur  springs.    Besides  this  ingredient,  I  find 
that  the  water  contains  carbonates  of  soda  and  of 
magnesia,    Glauber's    salts,    Epsom    salts,    and 
common    salt;    ingredients    which    give    it    an 
increased  value.    After  removing  the  excess  of 
carbonic   acid    which    it    contains,   it  gives    an 
alkaline  reaction." 

Of  the  other  springs  he  remarks  :    "  The  cha- 
lybeate water  readily  yields  a  precipitate  after 


I  I  iian  .  .Ml  ig).L.|Wpiii;i|i^)"< 


418 


8PRIM08    or    PINNBTLVANIA. 


ebullition  or  continued  expoBuro  to  the  excew  of 
carbonic  acid.  Besides  the  bi-carbonate  of  iron, 
which  is  the  chief  characteristic,  it  also  contains 
Epsom  salts,  common  salt,  and  carbonate  of  mag- 
nesia." 

The  composition  of  these  springs  indicate  with 
sufficient  clearness  their  respective  applicability 
as  therapeutic  agents.  The  first  belongs  to  the 
mild  sulphurous  saline,  the  second  to  the  carbon- 
ated ferruginous  class. 

Fayette  S^rmgr.— This  spring  is  situated  on  the 
eastern  slope  of  the  Laurel  Hill,  and  near  the 
great  National  road.  The  water  is  chalybeate, 
very  cold  and  abundant  in  quality.  The  scenery 
around  the  spring  is  wild  and  romantic,  and  the 
coolness,  freshness  and  elasticity  of  the  air  whole- 
some and  invigorating. 

Bath  Chalybeate  Spring  is  near  the  town  of 
Bristol  on  the  Delaware.  Dr.  Bell,  informs  us 
that  "these  springs  used  to  be  visited  by  many 
of  the  citizens  of  Philadelphia,  on  account,  in 
good  part,  of  ready  access  to  them,"  and  that  Dr. 
Benjamin  Rush,  wrote  an  account  of  them  in 
1773.  They  seem  now  to  have  gone  very  much 
out  of  public  notice. 

BiiOSSBURO  Spkinos.— These  springs  belong  to  the 
class  known  as  acid  waters  in  New  York,  and  as 
Alum  Springs  in  Virginia.  In  taste  they  very 
much  resemble  the  ^okbridge  Alum  water.  They 


l#,i*i|jlii;»ij||)ift!<SJI!i.lil  j.tJ  1  :>iiin,ig.'.ii',i  i'l""'!''-'»«'^*t'!WW' 


mm 


A. 


BLO0SBU11O  SPBINOfl. 


470 


the  excess  of 
onate  of  iron, 

also  contains 
onate  of  mag- 

I  indicate  with 
)  applicability 
belongs  to  the 
to  the  carbon- 
situated  on  the 
and  near  the 
is  chalybeate, 
.    The  scenery 
nantio,  and  the 
f  the  air  whole- 

^r  the  town  of 
lell,  informs  us 
isited  by  many 
on  account,  in 
,"  and  that  Dr. 
mt  of  them  in 
;one  very  much 


igs  belong  to  the 
IT  York,  and  as 
taste  they  very 
am  water.  They 


contain  a  kfg«  amount  of  free  sulphuric  acid, 
and  l(  H  alumina  than  the  Virginia  waters.  Un- 
like Rockbridge  water,  they  readily  deposit,  when 
removod  from  the  spring,  a  large  portion  of  the 
iron  they  hold  in  solution. 

The  Blossburg  waters  are  adapted  to  the  same 
general  class  of  diseases  for  which  the  Virginia 
and  New  York  acid  waters  are  beneficially  pre- 
scribed. The  dose  of  a  "  table  spoonful ' '  in  which 
they  are  sometimes  recommended,  is  altogether 
too  small  to  produce  any  beneficial  effects  in 
ordinary  cases.  I  have  had  qn  opportunity  of 
examining  the  Blossburg  water,  and  of  carefully 
comparing  it  with  the  Rockbridge  waters,  and  I 
am  sure,  judging  from  the  relative  strength  of 
the  two,  and  from  my  knowledge  of  the  proper 
dose  of  the  latter,  that  from  two  to  four,  or  even 
five  glasses  of  the  Blossburg  waters  may  in  many 
cases,  be  beneficially  taken  in  the  course  of  the 
twenty-four  hours. 

These  springs  are  in  Tioga  County,  near  the 
New  York  line,  and  in  the  immediate  region  of 
beds  of  iron  and  bituminous  coal. 

In  addition  to  the  mineral  springs  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, already  noticed,  there  are  numerous  pure, 
cool  and  invigorating  fountains,  that  from  the 
great  purity  of  their  waters,  their  healthful  situa- 
tion, the  character  of  their  accommodations,  and 
the  facility  with  which  they  may  be  reached, 
have  become  places  of  considerable  summer  resort. 


•w*»WMIIMi 


■sjacrr 


■■..■.!f^im''vm*»>^^^ 


480 


SPRINGS  OF   PBNUSYLVANIA. 


In  this  category  may  be  reckoned  the  Ephrata, 
Yellow  and  the  Caledonia  Springs.  I  will  notice 
them  in  the  order  I  have  named  them. 

The  Ephrata  Springs,  the  annual  resort  of  many 
persons  during  the  summer  season,  are  situated 
in  the  rich  agricultural  County  of  Lancaster. 
The  grounds  around  them  are  very  pleasant,  the 
scenery  interesting  and  the  hotel  accommodations 
excellent.  Baths  of  various  temperatures  are 
furnished,  and  maby  inducements  Tered  to  make 
the  sojourn  of  visitors  at  these  springs  both 
agreeable  and  beneficial. 

The  Yellow  Springs,  are  thirty  miles  from  Phila- 
delphia, in  the  County  of  Chester.  From  these 
springs  a  magnificent  view  of  a  most  interesting 
surrounding  country  is  obtained.  The  rides  and 
drives  are  very  pleasant,  and  the  twice  daily 
communication  with  Philadelphia  by  the  Reading 
Railroad  and  stages,  offer  great  facilities  to  the 
citizens  of  the  city  in  the  enjoyment  of  country 
air  and  spring  recreations.  They  have  facilities 
here  for  the  shower  and  douche,  as  well  as  for 
the  common  immersion  baths.  The  hotel  accom- 
modations are  said  to  be  most  excellent. 

Caledonia  Springs,  were  formerly  known  as 
Sweney's  Cold  S^ngs.  They  are  about  fifteen  miles 
from  Chambersburg.  Visitors  to  them,  on  arriving 
at  Chambersburg,  may  immediately  proceed  by 
coach  to  their  destination.    The  water  of  these 


iuai>>'  ..iijwwmjiaBWw:! 


A. 


CALEDONIA  SPRINOS. 


481 


the  Ephrata, 
I  will  notice 
m. 

resort  of  many 
I,  are  situated 
of  Lancaster, 
y  pleasant,  the 
ccommodations 
aperatures  are 
*fered  to  make 
springs  both 

lies  from  Phila- 
r.  From  these 
tost  interesting 

The  rides  and 
he  twice  daily 
by  the  Reading 
racilities  to  the 
lent  of  country 
r  have  facilities 

as  well  as  for 
he  hotel  accom- 
llent. 

erly  known  as 
lOut  fifteen  miles 
lem,  on  arriving 
tely  proceed  by 
water  of  these 


springs,  used  as  a  bath,  have  enjoyed  a  high  local 
reputation  for  many  years,  in  the  cure  of  various 
diseases,  for  which  cold,  tepid,  or  warm  baths  are 
commonly  employed.  Chronic  rheumatism  has 
been  often  submitted  to  the  Caledonia  bath,  and 
it  is  said  with  excellent  effect. 

Tlie  waters  of  Caledonia  are  very  pure,  the 
baths  comfortable,  the  cuisine  admirable,  while 
the  mountain  Jind  intervale  scenery,  and  the 
elastic  invigorating  atmosphere,  aflford  all  that 
could  be  desired  of  scenery  or  climate  to  delight 
the  mind,  invigorate  the  system,  and  give  new 
life  and  energy  to  the  habitues  of  cities,  worn  down 
in  the  treadmill  of  incessant  toils,  counting-room 
confinement,  or  commercial  anxieties. 


41 


.  ,«■—..— .**i=,>,-^iF^ 


I  \i  j.i»  !!ii||i>iii'i!mfi»jwi.^aj«jjg?w;!^^f 


482 


MINERAL  SPRINGS  OF  VBRMONT. 


CHAPTEB  XXXVIII. 

MINERAL  SPRINGS  OP  VERMONT. 

Clarendon  Gaseous  Springs.— This  is  a  mild 
acidulous  water,  very  slightly  impregnated  with 
saline  matter,  so  slight,  indeed,  as  to  make  it 
rank  among  the  purest  waters  known.  Dr.  Bell* 
states  on  the  authority  of  Dr.  Gallup,  who  pub- 
lished a  notice  of  this  spring,  that  it  has  been 
ascertained  by  analysis  to  contain  in  an  American 
gallon,  235  cubic  inches,  the  following  ingredi- 
entsi — 

Nitrogen  or  a»>te.« »«8  cuWc  inchea 

Carbonic  acid •  ••  *^'^^ 

Besides  atmospheric  air. 

Carbonate  of  lime 80*  8«»™"- 

Mariate  of  lime,  Sulphate  of  lime,  and  Sul- 
phate of  magnesia ^'"^^ 

6-76 
Temperature  of  the  Higher  spring  48'  Fah.,  of  the  Lower  64» 
Fahrenheit. 

These  waters  have  acquired  considerable  re- 
putation in  the  surrounding  country  for  the  cure 

*  Mineral  and  Thermal  waters,  &c.,  &c. 


iiuij-,Hiii*iMitiHtfr'v'ir-tf  ■'■i(-  ir"-" 


JlA  *.»»'P-1«*«WB»«***W»'^ 


rT. 


NBWBURG — HIOHOATB. 


483 


[ONT. 

lis  is  a  mild 
regnated  with 
18  to  make  it 
rn.  Dr.  Bell* 
lup,  who  pub- 
it  it  has  been 
X  an  American 
wing  ingredi- 


18  cuUc  inches 
6 


}ul- 


.8-02gndiiB. 

[- 

a-74     " 


6-76 
I.,  of  the  Lower  64" 

ansiderable  re- 
;rf  for  the  cure 

&c.,  Ac. 


of  dropsical  effusions,  diseases  of  the  skin /chronic 
bronchitis,  irritations  of  the  bladder,  &c.,  &c. 

The  quantity  of  the  water  advised  to  be  used, 
varies  from  five  to  twenty-five  half  pint  tumblers  in 
course  of  the  twenty-four  hours.  On  commencing 
their  use,  they  are  said  often  to  excite  slight 
nausea,  with  a  sense  of  warmth  on  the  surface, 
but  that  those  sensations  disappear  in  five  or  six 
hours,  in  which  time  their  diuretic  effects  will 
be  manifest. 

Newburg  Solphuk  Speino  is  twenty-seven  miles 
in  an  easterly  direction  from  Montpelier.  This  is 
a  spring  of  some  notoriety  in  the  country  around, 
and  considerably  resorted  to  by  invalids.  Na 
analysis  as  far  as  I  know,  has  been  made  gf  the 
waters,  but  it  is  said  to  be  very  strongly  impreg- 
nated with  sulphuretted  hydrogen  gas.  Other 
springs  of  similar  character  are  found  in  the  same 
region  of  country. 

There  are  good  hotel  accommodations  here,  and 
pleasant  facilities  for  bathing.  The  use  of  the 
water  has  been  much  praised  in  diseases  of  the 
skin,  and  in  scrofulous  affections. 

HwHGATB  SpRiNas,  eleven  miles  from  the  boat 
landing  at  Albon's  Bay,  are  sulphurous  waters, 
and  of  the  same  general  character  of  the  Newburg 
Spring. 


iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiji.ii 


i.,^mm.r.^,ym4fnf(im} 


484 


SPRIKQS  OF  MASSACHtTSBTTS. 


•The  Abburoh  Sprino  is  a  suphuroua  water,  simi- 
lar to  the  waters  of  Newburg  and  Highgate  just 
noticed. 

Professor  Hitchcock,  mentions  a  thermal  spring 
near  Bennington,  but  does  not  give  its  tempera- 
ture. It  throws  off  oxygen  and  nitrogen  gases, 
and  the  water  is  so  abundant  that  it  is  used  for 
operating  machinery. 


CHAPTER  XXXIX. 


8PBINQS    OP    MASSACHUSETTS. 

HoPKiNTON  Springs  have  acquired  some  reputation 
in  the  section  of  country  in  which  they  are  situated. 
An  analysis  of  the  water  of  the  principal  spring, 
by  Dr.  Gorham,  shows  that  it  contains  the  car- 
bonates of  magnesia,  lime  and  iron.  One  of  the 
springs  here  is  strongly  impregnated  with  sul- 
phur. 

Berkahirb  Soda  Spring.— This  watering  plaCe 
is  situated  in  the  mountain  in  Berkshire  county, 


'S. 


BERKSHIRE  SODA  SPRING. 


485 


18  water,  simi- 
Highgate  just 

ihermal  spring 
'e  its  temper a- 
itrogen  gases, 
it  it  is  used  for 


rsETTS. 

some  reputation 
ley  are  situated, 
rincipal  spring, 
ntains  the  car- 
n.  One  of  the 
lated  with  sul- 


watering  place 
irkshire  county, 


three  miles  from  the  village  of  Great  Barrington, 
through  which  the  cars  of  the  Housatonic  Railroad 
run  four  times  daily.  During  thf  watering  season 
carriages  run  regularly  four  times  d  day  between 
Great  Barrington  and  the  Springs. 

As  embodying  the  best  information  at  command 
in  reference  to  this  spring,  1  insert  the  following 
extract  of  a  letter,  from  Dr.  C.  T.  CoUinB  to  Dr. 
Valentine  Mott,  for  which  I  am  indebted  to  Dr. 
John  Bell's  recent  volume  on  the  Mineral  and 
Thermal  Springs  of  the  United  States  and  Canada : 

"  I  must  not  close  this  letter  without  mentioning 
a  very  valuable  mineral  spring,  situated  among 
the  mountains,  a  short  distance  from  this  village, 
and  which  has,  for  many  years  past,  had  a.  high 
local  reputation  for  the  cure  of  scrofula  and  erup- 
tive diseases  of  the  skin. 

"  The  people  in  this  part  of  the  country  consider 
it  a  specific  for  the  cure  of  all  that  class  of  erup- 
tive diseases  which  are  popularly  called  by  the 
vague  and  indefinite  term  of  aaU  rheum. 

"  Diiring  the  past  year,  by  way  of  experiment, 
I  have  placed  several  obstinate  cases  of  Eczema, 
Ecthyma,  Acne,  Porrigo,  &c.,  under  the  exclusive 
treatment  of  this  water,  add  the  results  have  been 
very  satisfactory.  Indeed,  I  may  say,  that,  in  some 
cases,  its  effect  was  most  extraordinary.  So 
pleased  was  I'  with  the  use  of  this  mineral  water 
that  I  sent  a  jug  of  it  to  New  York  city,  and  had 
41» 


MAMMWWaiMiMlMMHMM 


i.,i«iiiwinvilliliijj>v> 


486  SPRINGS  OT  NEW  JBBSBY  AND  MAINE. 

it  analyzed  by  Professor  Boremus  and  Dr.  Blake, 
thMbrmer  assistant  of  Professor  Silliman .  It  was 
found  to  contaiif  soda,  chlorine,  carbonic  acid  and 
a  trace  of  alumina.  Yet  there  is  but  little  taste 
in  it  other  than  that  of  pure  water.  When  bathed 
in,  it  imparts  to  the  skin  the  most  delightful 
softness  of  any  that  I  have  ever  used,  causing 
even  a  rough  skin  to  feel  smooth." 

Arrangements  exist  here  for  the  comfortable 
use  of  warm,  cold  and  shower  baths. 


CHAPTER  XL. 


SPBINQ8   OF    NEW    JEBSEY    AND    MAINE. 
SCHOOLEY'S    MOUNTAIN. 

The  principal  watering  place  in  New  Jersey  is 
Schooley'a  Mountain  Spring,  situated  in  Morris 
County,  nihet^en  miles  north-west  from  Morris- 
town,  and  fifty  from  the  city  of  New  York.  The 
water  of  this  spring  finds  its  exit  from  the  earth, 
near  the  summit  of  Sc"hooley'8  Mountain,  whence 
it  is  conveyed  some  distance  down  the  mountain 
to  a  platform  for  the  use  of  visitdrs,  as  a  beverage 
and  a  bath.  The  quantity  flowing  from  the 
spring  is  uniformly  about  thirty  gallons  in  an 


MAINE. 


scbooley's  mountain  spring. 


487 


nd  Dr.  Blake, 
iman.  It  was 
jonic  acid  and 
tut  little  taste 
When  bathed 
ost  delightful 
used^  causing; 

iie  comfortable 

B.  ^ 


A.ND    MAINE. 
AIN. 

1  New  Jersey  is 
ited  in  Morris 
it  from  Morris- 
ew  York.  The 
from  the  earth, 
luntaitt,  whence 
I  the  mountain 
s,  as  a  bererage 
ving  from  the 
gallons  in  an 


hour.  Its  temperature  is  50°  Fah.  Its  tastp  is 
strongly  chalybeate,  and  it  deposits  oxide  of  iron 
readily  upon  substances  with  which  it  comes  in 
contact.  Its  source  is  in  the  neighborhood  of 
beds  of  iron  ore,  some  of  which,  on  both  sides  of 
the  mountain,  are  worked  advantageously  in  fur- 
naces. 

The  waters  of  this  spring  have  been  known  to 
possess  valuable  medicinal  properties  for  more 
than  three-quarters  of  a  century,  and  for  this 
reason,  as  well  as  on  account  of  the  salubrious 
atmosphere,  and  its  picturesque  and  romantic 
scenery,  Schooley's  Mountain  has  long  been  cele- 
brated as  one  of  the  most  desirable  summer  resorts 
for  health  and  pleasure. 

According  'to  a  chemical  examination  of  the 
water  by  Dr.  Nevin,  its  chief  ingredients  are 
"muriate  and  sulphate  of  lime  and  carbonated 
oxide  of  iron." 

Dr.  Bell  remarks,  that  "as  a  pure  carbonated 
chalybeate,  the  water  of  Schooley's  Mountain 
Spring  is  well  adapted  to  a  variety  of  maladies 
marked  chiefly  by  anemia,  debility  and  mucous 
discharges  in  which  there  is  no  inflammation  ot 
an  organ  present.  Its  tendency  to  induce  consti- 
pation must  be  watched,  and  this  effect  arrested 
by  the  use  of  mild  aperients." 

Visitors  to  the  springs  "from  New  York  will  go 
to  Morristown  by  railroad  and  thence  by  stage,  or 
to  the  White  House  by  railroad  and  thence  by 


ii.iWijMllli»|ll||(!a>»Ml 


.  i^,.-e^<»«.-«(?fc^»r 


488       epRiNOS  or  kew  jbbsbt  amd  mainb. 

• 

stage.  The  springs  are  reached  from  Philadelphia 
by  way  of  New  Brunswick,  and  thenco  by  stage, 
six  miles,  to  Bound  Brook,  on  the  New  Jersey 
Central  Railroad.  By  this  route  they  reach  the 
White  House,  and  thence  by  stage,  the  springs." 

SPRmOS  OP  MAINE. 

Dr.  C.  P.  Jackson,  in  a  report  upon  the  Geology 
of  Maine,  gives  some  account  of  two  mineral 
springs  in  this  State,  thfe  Saline  Spring  of  Lubec, 
and  Dexter's  Chalybeate  Spring. 

The  Salwb  Luheo  Spbinq  arises  near  the  junc- 
tion of  the  blue  limestone  and  red  sandstone  rocks, 
on  the  bank  of  a  small  stream  near  the  head  of 
Lubec  Bay.  He  represents  the  water  as  clear  and 
colorless,  with  a  specific  gravity  of  1-025.  The 
solid  residuum  of  an  imperial  gallon,  perfectly 
dry,  was  322-5  grains ;  100  grains  of  this  dry  salt 
gave,  by  analysis,  in  one  pint  of  water,  the 
following  results : — 

Ondns.  Qnim. 

Chloride  of  Bodiom 64-0  IW^OO 

Sulphate  of  lime M  ll^l® 

Chloride  of  nugnadnm iOH  ^TSS 

Sulphate  of  W&: 9-0  27-985 

Cu^onate  of  iron 9-9  9j»0 

Caibonate  of  Unae 2*0  6-200 

Cliloride  of  caldmn a  tiaoe.  19-780  low. 

Cartwoic  acid  gas 

90-0  888-800       > 

41088. 

lOOD 


DBXTBB— MNFRAL  AND  THERMAL  WATERS.       489 


a  Philadelphia 
inco  by  stage, 
B  Now  Jersey 
ihey  reach  the 
,  the  spriDgs.' 


Dexter  Chalybeate  Sprino  ib  located  on  the 
eastern  branch  of  a  stream  known  as  Sebasticook. 
It  deposits  copiously  "an  ocherous  yellow  oxide 
of  iron."  Dr.  Jackson  considers  this  water  a 
valuable  tonic  in  various  disorders  of  the  digestive 
functions. 


on  the  Geology 
;  two  mineral 
ring  of  Lubec, 

near  the  junc- 
Eindstone  rocks, 
fir  the  head  of 
fit  as  clear  and 
of  1025.  The 
allon,  perfectly 
of  this  dry  salt 
of  water,  the 


CHAPTER  XLI. 

HINERAIi  AND  THERMAL  WATERS  BETWEEN  THE 
MISSISSIPPI  AND  THE  PACIFIC  OCEAN. 

fn  CiO^ornia—Oregmr—KantM—Neu  Mexico— Nebraaktp— 
Utah,  dtc. 

I  DEPART  from  my  general  plan  of  treating  only 
such  springs  as  are  improved  for  public  use,  to 
notice,  in  a  brief  way,  the  principal  Thermal  and 
Mineral  Fountains  that  have  been  discovered  in 
the  vast  regions  extending  from  the  western  bor- 
ders of  Iowa,  Missouri  and  Arkansas  to  the  Pacific 
Ocean. 

In  the  States  of  California,  Oregon  and  Kansas, 
as  well  as  in  the  Territories  of  New  Mexico,  Ne- 
braska, Utah,  &c.,  mineral  and  thermal  waters 


490 


MINERAL  AND  THKRMAL  WATERS. 


are  found-in  large  abundance,  of  Very  positive 
quality,  and  of  high  temperature. 

In  North  w  Upper  Cali/omia,  west  of  the  Cas- 
cade Range,  and  at  the  foot  of  Shaaty  Peak, 
■pringfl  are  found  hot  enough,  as  travellera  ttU  ua, 
to  boil  eggs.  The  region  around  is  volcanic,  and 
the  bare  summit  of  the  Peak,  rising  to  a  height 
of  12,000  to  14,000  feet,  is  regarded  as  an  extinct 

volcano.  . 

A  few  miles  distant  from  the  spring  just  men- 
tioned is  an  Acidulo-Chalybeate  fountain,  and  so 
sparkling,  pungent  and  eflTervescent  is  it  that  the 
trappers  call  it  Soda  Water. 

Dr.  L«  Conte  describes  a  number  of  Vdcanic 
Spring)  in  the  Desert  of  Colorado,  in  Southern 
California,  some  of  which  are  said  to  resemble  the 
mud  volcanoes  of  Taman,   in  the  Crimea,  and 
others  the  eruptive  springs  or  Geysers  in  Iceland. 
They  are  in  the  neighborhood,  and  but  six  or 
eight  miles   distant  from    a   range  of  volcanic 
hills  from  800  to  1,000  feet  high.    These  springs 
consist  of  "  numerous  circular  lakes,  containing 
boiling  mud,  and  exhaling  a  naphtha-like  odor. 
Many  of  them  are  incrusted  with  inspissated  mud, 
forming  cones*  three  to  four  feet  high,  from  the 
apex  of  which  proceed  mingled  vapors  of  water, 
sal  ammoniac,  and  sulphur.    Four  of  them  eject 
steam  and  clear  saline  water,  with  great  violence, 
resembling  in  appearance  the  jet  from  the  pipe  of 
a  high-pressure  engine."    These  springs  are  in  a 
muddy  plain,  bordering  on  a  saline  lake. 


iMi 


ATBB8. 

f  Very  positive 

jvest  of  the  Cas- 
•  Shaaty  Peak, 
Iravdlera  tdl  us, 
is  volcanic,  and 
ing  to  a  height 
led  as  an  extinct 

pring  just  men- 
buntain,  and  so 
nt  is  it  that  the 

iber  of  Volcanic 
do,  in  Southern 
L  to  resemble  the 
he  Crimea,  and 
^sers  in  Iceland. 

and  but  six  or 
nge  of  volcanic 
.  These  springs 
akes,  containing 
,phtha-like  odor, 
inspissated  mud, 
t  high,  from  the 
vapors  of  water, 
ur  of  them  eject 
h  great  violeuce, 

from  the  pipe  of 
I  springs  are  in  a 
ine  lake. 


BCTWBEN  THE  MISSISSIPPI   AND  PACIFIC.         491 

A  Hoi  Sulphur  Spring,  of  the  temperature  o« 
137°  Fall.,  exists  Ijear  Warner's  Rancheria,  about 
ninety  miles  from  the  Colorodo,  in  South  Cali- 
fornia. 

Oregon  furnishes  numerous  mineral  and  thermal 
springs  of  very  decided  character. 

The  Beer  Springs,  described  by  Col.  Fremont, 
ore  about  135  miles,  in  a  direct  line  from  the 
South  Pass,  through  the  Wind  River  Mountains, 
which  separate  the  waters  that  flow  into  the  At- 
lantic from  those  that  find  their  way  into  the 

Pacific. 

The  Beer  or  Soda  Springs  are  carbonated  waters. 
They  are  described  by  Col.  Fremont  as  existing 
in  great  abundance  in  an  amphitheatre  of  mineral 
waters,  which  is  enclosed  by  the  mountains  that 
sweep  around  the  circular  bend  of  Bear.  River  at 
its  most  northern  point  in  the  State  of  Oregon. 

In  the  immediate  neighborhood  of  the  Beer  or 
Soda  Springs,  Col.  Fremont  discovered  a  very 
remarkable  fountain,  which  throws  up  its  waters 
in  the  form  of  a  jet  d'eau  to  a  variable  height  of 
about  three  feet.  The  flow  of  the  water  is  accom- 
panied by  a  "  subterranean  noise,  which,  together 
with  the  motion  of  the  water,  makes  very  much 
the  impression  of  a  steamboat  in  motion/'  and 
hence  it  was  named  the  Steamboat  Spring.  This 
is  a  carburetted  water  of  the  temperature  of  87° 
Fah.  "Within,  perhaps,  two  yards  of  the  jet 
d'eau  is  a  small  hole  of  about  an  inch  in  diameter, 


"" '*^^^fll!MIW^^* 


492 


MIKBBAL  AMD  TnERMAL  WATERS 


through  which,  at  regular  intervals,  eacapcB  a 
blast  of  hot  air,  with  a  light  wreath  of  smoke, 
accompanied  by  a  regular  noise." 

Hot  Springs. —khont  230  miles  northwest  from 
Fort  Hall,  which  is  situated  near  the  junction  of 
the  Pont  Neuf  River  with  Lewis'  Fork  of  the 
Columbia,  are  found  Hot  Springs  of  the  tempera- 
ture of  1C4"  Fah. 

Malheur  River  Springs.— At  the  distance  of  120 
miles  in  a  northwestern  direction  from  the  Hot 
Springs  just  mentioned,  are  the  Malheur  Hot 
Springs.  They  ave  in  latitude  44°  17'  N.  and 
longitude  117°  W.  Their  temperature  is  193° 
Fah.     Elevation  above  the  sea,  1,880  feet. 

Hot  and  Warm  Springs  of  Fall  Biver.— These 
Springs  are  on  both  sides  of  Fall  River,  in  lati- 
tude 44°  4^  N.,  121°  B'  W.  longitude.  They  are 
about  200  miles  west  from  the  Malheur  River 
Springs,  in  the  western  portion  of  the  State. 

The  Carburetted,  or  BoUing  Springs  6/  Pike's 
Peak. — On  the  southern  route  from  Independence, 
in  Missouri,  to  Oregon  and  California,  the  trav- 
eller passes  the  now  famous  Pike's  Peak,  at  the 
foot  of  which,  and  ten  miles  from  Paebla,  are 
found  the  Boiling  Springs.  Their  elevation  is 
6,350  feet  above  the  ocean  ;  their  latitude  38°  42' 
north. 

Col.  Fremont  describes  these  springs  as  numer- 
ous, and  some  of  them  as  unique  and  very  beau- 
tiful.   He  says :  *'I  came  suddenly  upon  a  largo. 


\TERS 

vals,  escapes  a 
eath  of  smoke, 

northwest  f^om 
the  junction  of 
b'   Fork  of  the 
of  the  tempera- 
distance  of  120 
ti  from  the.  Hot 
e  Malheur  Hot 
44°  ir  N.  and 
terature  is  193° 
880  feet. 
i  River.— These 
11  River,  in  lati- 
tude.   They  are 
Malheur  Biver 
f  the  State. 
oringa  6/  Pike's 
n  Independence, 
furnia,  the  trav- 
e's  Peak,  at  the 
om  Puebla,  are 
loir  elevation  is 
latitude  SB^  42' 

prings  as  numer- 
le  and  very  beau- 
ily  upon  a  largo. 


BKTWEKN  THE  MlSSIflSIPPI  AND  PACIFIC. 


493 


smooth  rock,  about  twenty  yards  in  diameter, 
where  the  water  from  several  springs  was  bubbling 
and  boiling  up  in  the  midst  of  a  white  incrusta- 
tion with  which  it  had  covered  a  portion  of  the 
rock."  In  describing  one  of  this  group,  he  says : 
"In  the  upper  part  of  the  rock,  which  had  ap- 
parently been  formed  by  deposition,  was  a  beauti- 
ful white  basin,  overhung  by  current  bushes,  in 
which  the  cold,  clear  water  bubbled  up,  in  con- 
stant motion  by  the  escaping  gas,  and  overflowing 
the  rock,  which  it  had  almost  entirely  covered 
with  a  smooth  crust  of  glistening  white." 

These  waters  belong  to  the  acidulous  class,  and 
aro  highly  carburetted.  They  are  said  much  to 
resemble  the  waters  of  the  famous  Seltzer  Springs 
in  the  Duchy  of  Nassau.  Their  temperature  is 
variable,  ranging,  under  different  circumstances 
of  the  atmosphere,  from  54°  to  69°  Fahrenheit. 

New  Mexico  has  numerous  mineral  and 
thermal  springs,  some  of  which  are  sulphurous, 
but  they  have  not  been  described  with  sufficient 
accuracy  to  make  us  acquainted,  either  with  their 
peculiar  characteristics,  or  their  precise  localities. 
There  are  several  springs  in  Nebraska  that 
have  attracted  the  attention  of  scientific  travellers. 
Both  Col.  Fremont  and  Capt.  Stanbury,  in  their 
respective  narratives,  notice  the 

FoET  Laramib  Speinq.— This  fountain,  thermal 
in  its  character,  is  ten  miles  from  Fort  Laramie, 
4B 


~~^mr'me& 


494 


MINERAL  AND  THERMAL  WATERS 


between  the  North  Fork  of  the  Platte  and  the 
Laramie  Kivers,  in  latitude  42°  16'  N.,  and  longi- 
tude 104°  47'  W.  It  is  in  the  southern  portion  of 
the  territory,  625  miles  from  St.  Joseph's,  in 
Missouri.  Its  temperature  is  74°  Fah.,  about  the 
same  as  the  Sweet  Springs  in  Virginia. 

In  the  western  part  of  Nebraska,  near  the  Oregon 
line,  and  in  the  midst  of  the  Salt  Plains,  in  the 
valley  of  the  Sweet  Water  River,  are  found  what 
are  known  as  the  Fonda  of  Saleratua.  The 
chief  of  these  ponds  appeared  to  Capt.  Stansbury 
"as  if  frozen  over,  and  covered  with  a  light 
coating  of  driven  snow.  It  was  found  to  be  a 
slight  depression,  about  400  yards  long,  by  150  in 
width,  covered  with  an  eflfervesence  of  carbonate 
of  soda,  left  by  the  evaporation  of  the  water 
w^iich  had  held  it  in  solution."  This  substance 
is  quite  abundant,  and  emigrants  use  it  in  their 
culinary  operations  in  preference  to  the  saleratus 
of  the  shops. 

* 

Utah  Tbrrirtort,  more  than  any  other  portion 
of  North  America^  abounds  in  thermal  waters, 
many  of  which  are  sulphurous  and  saline,  and  of 
very  high  temperature. 

Hot  SpRiNGa  of  Pyramid  Lake.— The  Pyramid 
Lake,  embosomed  in  the  Sierra  Nevada  Mountains, 
with  its  singular  pyramidial  mount,  rising  from 
its  transparent  waters  to  the  heighth  of  about 


iiiitfinwiiiy%i»i"%«»i 


BETWEKN  THE  MISSISSIPPI  AND  PACIPIC.         49B 


Matte  and  the 
N.,andlongi- 
lern  portion  of 

Joseph's,  in 
'ah.,  about  the 
aia. 

ear  the  Oregon 
Plains,  in  the 
ire  found  what 
leratua.  The 
apt.  Stansbury 

with  a  light 
found  to  be  a 
ong,  by  150  in 
ce  of  carbonate 

of  the  water 
rhis  substance 
use  it  in  their 
0  the  saleratus 


Y  other  portion 
lermal  waters, 
1  saline,  and  of 


-The  Pyramid 
ada  Mountains, 
nt,  rising  from 
[ghth  of  about 


600  feet,  and  walled  in  by  almost  perpendicular 
precipices,  in  some  places  near  3,000  feet  high,  is  a 
remarkable  formation ,  and  is  said  to  have  nothing 
to  resemble  it  in  any  other  portion  of  the  world. 
Its  boiling  springs  have  attracted  the  attention  of 
the  scientific.     Col.  Fremont  describes  them  m 
about  39°  N.  latitude,  and  117«  30"  W.  longitude, 
as  boiling  up  with  much  noise.    He  states  that 
the  largest  basin  is  several  hundred  feet  in  circum- 
ference, and  has  a  circular  space  at  one  end,  of 
15  feet  in  diameter,  entirely  filled  with  boiling 
water,  whose  temperature  near  the  edge  is  from 
206°  to  208®  Fah.    Its  depth,  near  the  centre,  is 
more  than  16  feet.    The  water  is  impregnated 
with  common  salt,  but  not  so  much  as  to  render 
it  unfit  for  general  cooking,  and  a  mixture  of 
gnow  makes  it  pleasant  to  drink. 

The  late  Capt.  Gunnison,  speaking  of  these 
springs,  says :  "  At  the  base  of  the  hills,  around 
the  lake,  issue  nuinerous  warm  s^nga,  that 
collect  in  pools  and  smaller  lakes,  inviting  aquatic 
fowl,  during  the  winter,  to  resort  to  thteir  agree- 
able temperature,  and  where  insect  larvw  furnish 
food  at  all  times,  and  the  soil  is  so  heated  that 
snow  cannot  lie  in  the  vicinity.  In  some  places 
springs  of  different  temperature  are  in  close 
proximity  ;  some  so  hot  that  the  hand  cannot  be 
thrust  in  them  without  pain." 

City  Wabm   Sulphue   Spbinos  issue    from    a 
mountain  on  the  immediate  confines  of  Salt  Lak^ 


-T»«'i.i-,j»!Bii|i,..,.]  iiJiMWI 


496 


MINERAL  AND  THERMAL  VATBRS 


City,  and  its  waters  are  conveyed  by  pipes  into 
bathing  houses,  within  the  city,  for  the  use  of  the 
inhabitants.  The  water  is  sulphurous,  and  yields, 
upon  analysis,  the  carbonates  of  lime  and  Aag- 
nesia,  with  small  portions  of  the  chlorides  of 
calcium  and  sodium,  together  with  sulphate  of 
soda. 

Three  miles  distant,  and  arising  from  -the  side 
of  the  mountain  just  mentioned,  another  spring 
flows  out  with  great  boldness.  The  temperature 
of  its  water  is  128°  Fah.  The  specific  gravity  of 
this  water  is  very  slightly  greater  than  that  of 
distilled  water.  It  contains  chloride  of  sodium 
and  traces  of  chlorides  of  calcium  and  magnesium, 
sulphate  and  carbonate  of  lime  and  silica. 

Between  Salt  Lake  City  and  the ,  Great  Salt 
Lake,  there  are  numerous  warm  fountains^  which, 
Capt.  Gunnison  informs  us,  deposit  gypsum,  and 
other  sulphates.  They  constitute  delightful 
bathing,  but  are  said  to  destroy  the  fertility  of 
the  soil  to  which  their  waters  are  applied. 

Col.  Fremont  thus  describes  a  group  of  Hot 
Springs,  situated  thirty-four  miles  north  of  Salt 
Lake  City :  "  lu  about  seven  miles  from  Clear 
Creek;  the  trail  brought  us  to  a  place  at  the  foot 
of  the  mountain,  where  there  issued,  with  con- 
siderable force,*te»  or  tiodve  Hot  Springs,  highly 
impregnated  with  salt.  In  one  of  tbem  the  ther- 
mometer stood  at  136°,  and  in  another  at  132° 
Fah.,  and  the  water,  which  spread  in  pools  over 


lJ>.llllilllilHili^»1fii■lrfe■W■l1^l'««i•|^l^T^^^^'^^■''™;■''' 


.TERS 


BETWEEN  THE  MISSISSIPPI   AND  PAOITIC.        497 


by  pipes  into 
'  the  use  of  the 
3US,  and  yields, 
ime  and  ibag- 
e  chlorides  of 
th  sulphate  of 

» from  -the  side 
another  spring 
iie  temperature 
jcific  gravity  of 
»r  than  that  of 
ride  of  sodium 
nd  magnesium, 
1  silica. 

the ,  Great  Salt 
mntaijiSf  whichj 
it  gypsum,  and 
;ute  delightful 
the  fertility  of 
Etpplicd. 

,  group  of  Hot 
i  north  of  Salt 
lies  from  Clear 
>lace  at  the  foot 
med,  with  con- 
Springs,  highly 
'  tliem  the  ther- 
inother  at  132° 
kd  in  pools  over 


the  low  grounds,  was  colored  red."  His  analysis 
of  this  red  earthy  matter  showed  it  to  be  highly 
impregnated  with  iron,  and  to  contain  the  carbon- 
ates of  magnesia  and  lime,  with  sulphate  of  lime, 
chloride  of  sodium.  With  silica  and  alumina.  ^ 

Kear  Bear  River  is  a  depression,  in  which  issue 
three  fountains  between  the  strata,  within  the 
space  of  thirty  feet,  of  which  one  is  Hot  Sulphnr, 
the  next  Tepid  and  Mt,  and  the  other  cool,  de- 
licious drinking  wetter.  The  three  currents  unite, 
and  flaw  off  through  the  plain,  forming  the  be- 
ginning of  a  large  and  bold  river. 

Water  of  the  Gfeat  Salt  Lake.— Dr.  Gale,  of 
Washington  city,  has  examined  the'water  of  this 
wonderful  saline  reservoir.  He  describes  it  as 
perfectly  clear,  with  a  specific  gravity  of  1.170  ; 
common  water  being  l.QOO.  Oae  hundred  parts 
evaporated  to  dryness  gave  22.422  of  solid  con- 
tents, consisting  of  chloride  of  sodium  20.196, 
sulphate  of  soda  1.834,  chloride  of  magnesium 
0.252,  with  a  trace  of  chloride  of  calcium.  Dr. 
G.  regards  this  water  as  the  purest  and  most  con- 
centrated brine  in  the  world.  The  strongest 
salines  of  the  Syracuse  wells  in  New  York  contain 
but  17.35  per  cent,  of  the  chloride  of  sodium. 

Various  Salt  and  Sulphur  Spring  arise  from  the 
mountains  and  plains  near  the  Great  Salt  Lake, 
and  flow  into  it. 

Thermal  Saline  Springs  .—Ca^t.  Stansbury,  in 
his  narrative,  informs  us  of  the  Warm  Saline  whose 
48» 


1    V 


'~u«^wu4«^  "ifflai'iTi"^ 


iHgii^i^i,!f.ij.'aMi.<»ii.. 


498 


MINERAL  AND  THERMAL  WATERS. 


temperature  ia  74°  Fab.,  that  breaks  out  from 
the  mountaiu  at  the  nortbera  end  o<*  the  lake,  and 
of  the  Warm  Springs  in  the  same  locality,  whose 
temperfiture  is  84°  Fab. 
We  are  told  that  the  whole  western  shore  of 

•  Salt  Lake,  bounded  by  an  immense  plain  of  soft 
mud,  is  traversed  by  numerous  rills  of  sulphurous 
and  salt  water,  that  mostly  sink  into  the  earth, 
or  are  evaporated  before  they  reach  the  lake. 

Thermal  Saline  Springs  of  Spring  VoUley.-^ln 
this  Valley,  lying  on  the  western  side  of  the 
mountain  that  extends  in  a  southerly  direction 
from  the  south  end  of  Salt  Lake,  thermal  saline 

'  springs  are  sq  numerous  as  to  give  the  name  to 
their  location.  Their  temperature  is  generally 
about  74°  Fab. 


*  ,.  I  11,  II   utttW"'"''     •■'-■-■'■^■^ 


lEBS. 

laks  out  from 
*  the  lake,  and 
locality,  whose 

stern  shore  of 
e  plain  of  soft 
I  of  sulphurous 
nto  the  earth, 
the  li^e. 
ng  Valley. — ^In 
n  side  of  the 
berly  direction 
thermal  saline 
e  the  name  to 
B  is  generally 


THERMAL  SPRINGS  OF  AMERICA. 


499 


CHAPTER  XLII. 

THEKMAL  SPRINGS  OF  AMERICA. 

I  hare  thought  that  it  would  be  interesting 
to  my  readers  to  have  a  condensed  view  of  the 
various  Thermal  Springs  of  the  United  States  and 
its  Territories. 

Virginia  is  rich  in  thermal  waters,  and  up  to 
the  time  of  the  discovery,  of  the  numerous  Hot 
Springs  of  New  Mexico,  was  regarded  as  possess- 
ing more  of  this  class  of  waters  than  any  other 
portion  of  the  Cftntinent. 

I  shall  first  notice  the  thermal  waters  of  Vir- 
ginia, and  shall  regard  all  the  Springs  as  belong- 
ing to  that  class  whose  waters  are  distinctly  above 
the  mean  temperature  of  the  immediate  country 
in  which  they  arise.  In  this  class  I  include  the 
Greenbrier  White  Sulphur,  although  not  gener- 
ally regarded  as  a  thermal  spring;  but  the  tact 
that  it  is  full  ten  degrees  above  the  mean  temper- 
ature of  the  atmosphere  and  the  media  through 
which  it  flows,  as  well  as  of  the  neighboring  foun- 
tains, properly  gives  to  ft  thai  character. 


iaH 


THERMAL  BPBING»  OF  ABIBRIOA. 


Ftbranhcit. 

White  Sulphur,  Virginia 62» 

Holston  Springs,  Scott  Co.,  Va W 

Bath,  Berkeley  Co.,  Va _. 78" 

Sweet  Springs,  Monroe  Co.,  Va 78  to  74' 

Red  Sweet,  Alleghany  Co.,  Va 76  to  7V> 

Healing  Spring,  Bath  Co.,  Va SB' 

Warm  Springs,  Bath  Co.,  Va 08» 

HotSprings,  "        ". ;...  »8tol06» 

Perry  County,  PennsylTania 78* 

Lebanon,  New  York 78» 

Merriwether  County,  Georgia 95» 

Buncombe  County,  North  Carolina 94  to  104o 

Warm  Springs,  French  Broad,  Tennessee^ ...  W 

Florida  Sulphur  Springs 70» 

Waahita,  Arkansas 140  to  166° 

Spring  near  Fort  Laramie,  Nebraska 74° 

Hot  Sulphur  Springs  of  California ,  187° 

Hot  Springs  at  Shasty's  Peak,  CaUfomia 

Great  Salt  Lake  City  Warm  Springs 

Great  Salt  Lake  Hot  Sidings,  Utah... t 128° 

Great  Salt  Lake  Hot  Chalybeate,  thirty  miles 

from  Great  Salt  Lake ,. .  .182  to  186° 

Great  Salt  Lake  Thermia  Saline 74to  84° 

Great  Salt  Lake  Spring  Valley  Saline....  w..  70  to  74° 
Bear  lUver  Warm  and  Hot  Springs,  74  miles 

northwest  firom  Salt  Lake  City 184° 

Lake  Utah  Warm  Springs 

Hot  Springs,  Oregon 164° 

Malheur  RiTer  Hot  Springs,  Oregon. . .  / 198° 

Hot  and  Warm  Sprii^,  Fall  River,  Oregon.  89  to  184° 
Hot  Springs,  Pyramid  Lake,  Utah  ♦ 206  to  208° 


*  Mi)    al  and  Thermal  ^rings  Of  the  United  States,  hj  Bell. 


CRIOA. 


FtbraDhait. 
62» 

es" 

.....  78" 

78  to  74» 

75  to  79» 

85» 

98» 

.;...  WtolOe' 

78" 

.....  78» 

980 

94tol04» 

709 

140tol66° 

74» 

187» 

ia. .. . 

128» 

miles 

.....182  to  186° 

.....  74to  84« 

.....  70 to  74» 

miles 

184<' 

164'> 

/ 198<» 

egon.  89  to  184° 
2Q0to208» 

[ted  States,  I^Bdl. 


MINERAL  SPRINQS  OF  CANADA. 


601 


CHAPTER  XLIII. 
MINERAL     SPRINGS    OP     CANADA. 

The  Caledonia  Springs.— These  springs  are 
situated  about  forty  miles  from  Montreal,  and  a 
few  miles  south  of  the  Ottawa  River.  They  are 
a  place  of  considerable  resort  during  the  summer 
season.  There  are  four  springs  in  this  group 
deserving  of  notice.  They  are  known  as  the  (7a», 
the  Saline,  the    Sulphur,   and    the    Intermitttng 

Spring. 

The  first  three  issue  through  a  pliocene  clay, 
within  a  few  rods  of  each  other.  They  are  all 
more  or  less  alkaline  in  character,  the  Sulphur  the 
most  so.  The  intermitting  Spring  is  two  miles 
distant  from  the  others,  abounds  in  earthy  chlo- 
rides, and  emits  carburetted  hydrogen  gas  largely 
at  irregular  intervals. 

1.  The  Gas  Spring.— The  temperature  of  this 
spring  was  found  to  be  44°.4.  when  the  ther- 
mometer stood  in  the  air  at  61°.7.  It  discharges 
about  four  gallons  of  water  per  minute,  and 
evolves  a  gas,  ascertained  to  be  carburetted  hydro- 
gen, at  the  rate  of  300  cubic  inches  a  minute.    Its 


■i'< 


I  i;.iili,!IJH>«»«*WiWI 


WSlWie"P3»' 


mmm. 


MM 


MIKBRAL  SPRIirOS  OF  OAK  AD  A. 


specific  gravity  is  1006'2.  Its  taste  pleasantly 
saline,  without  bitterness.  Its  saline  ingredients 
in  1000  parts,  7-7776.  Carbonic  acid  in  100  cubic 
inches,  17.6. 

2.  Saunb  Bpwno.— This  spring  is  not  very  dis- 
similar from  the  one  just  named,  but,  notwith- 
standing, from  the  name  it  bears,  is  somewhat 
less  saline.  Its  temperature  and  specific  gravity 
are  essentially  the  same.  Occasionally  it  emits  a 
stray  bubble  of  carburetted  hydrogen,  but  the 
amount  of  that  gas  evolved  is  very  small.  It  is 
somewhat  more  strongly  alkaline  than  the  Gas 
Spring.  This  spring  yields  10  gallons  per 
minute,  and  to  every  1000  parts  of  its  water 
gives  7*347  parts  of  solid  matter.  Its  free  car- 
bonic acid  is  14*7  cubic  inches  in  100  cubic  inches 
of  water. 

8.  Stophuk  Spring.— The  water  of  this  spring 
is  slightly  sulphurous  in  taste  and  odor.  Solid 
matter  in  1000  parts  4'95Mi  It  is  somewhat 
more  alkaline  than  the  other  springs  of  the  group, 
contains  silica  in  a  relatively  large  proportion, 
and  exhibits  traces  of  iodine  and  iron. 

4.  iNTSRHTETiNa  SPBiwa.— The  temperature  of 
this  spring  was  60°  when  the  atmosphere  around 
was  61°.  Solid  matter  in  1000  parts  of  its  waters, 
14*639  parts.    Chemical  examination  detects  the 


ffADA. 


taste  pleasantly 
[iline  ingredients 
acid  in  100  cubic 


f  is  not  very  dis- 
d,  but,  notwitb- 
irs,  is  somewbat 
specific  gravity 
onally  it  emits  a 
drogen,  but  tbe 
Bry  small.  It  is 
ae  than  the  Gas 
10  gallons  per 
ts  of  its  water 
ir.  Its  free  car- 
1 100  cubic  inches 


r  of  this  spring 
and  odor.  Solid 
It  is  somewhat 
igs  of  the  group, 
iarge  proportion, 
[  iron. 

temperature  of 
mosphere  around 
arts  of  its  waters, 
ation  detects  the 


IIINSRAL  SPBINOB  OV  CANADA. 


603 


existence  of  bromine,  chlorine  and  iodine  in  the 
water,  with  sodium,  potassium,  magnesium  and 
calcium.  A  large  portion  of  the  two  latter  exist 
in  the  form  of  chlorides.  Traces  of  alumina  and 
iron  are  also  found. 

TosoABORA  Acid  Spbin<».— This  spring  is  located 
in  TuBcarora  Township,  21  miles  north  of  Port 
Dover.  Its  waters  abound  in  free  sulphuric  acid, 
in  the  proportion  of  4  parts  in  1000,  and,  also, 
with  the  sulphate  of  the  alkalies,  magnesia,  lime, 
alumina  and  iron  in  small  quantities.  It  emits 
occasional  bubbles  of  oarburetted  hydrogen,  and 
its  waters  are  acid  and  styptic  to  the  taste,  and 
decidedly  sulphurous,  while  the  odor  of  sulphur- 
etted hydrogen  is  manifest  for  some  distance 
around  the  spring. 

CHARWTTffiViLLB  SuLPHUK  Spbino.— This  Spring 
is  in  the  neighborhood  of  Port  Dover,  on  Lake 
Erie.  Its  waters  are  sparkling  and  limpid,  their 
odor  strongly  sulphurous.  The  taste  of  the  water 
is  pungent,  with  a  slight  impression  of  sweetness, 
leaving  a  sense  of  warmth  in  the  mouth.  Chem- 
ical  examinations  show  the  presence  of  Chloride* 
and  sulphates  in  the  water ;  the  bases  are  ascer- 
tained to  be  soda,  potash,  magnesia  and  lime,  with 
traces  of  iron  and  alumina.  It  abounds  very 
strongly  in  sulphuretted  hydrogen,  containing 
26-8  cubic  inches  to  the  gallon.  Its  solid  matter 
is  2-49446  parts  to  1000. . 


ms 


■iiiw^tfiiiifi  111 TT'"    '     ,'  ilii'    H'r' 


MINERAL  8PRIK08  OV  CANADA. 


Mineral  Artesian  Welm  at  8t.  Catharine's, 
Canada  West.— The  analysis  of  this  crater,  as 
reported  io  a  printed  circular,  is  very  extra- 
ordinary. If  the  puhlished  statement  of  its 
analysis,  by  Dr.  Chilton,  be  correct,  and  the  water 
sent  to  him  for  examination  was  the  natural  water 
of  Sk.  Catharine's,  the  quantities  in  which  its 
ingredients  are  held  in  solution,  when  we  consider 
their  peculiar  character,  are  unexampled  in  the 
history  of  mineral  fountains. 

Dr.  John  Bell,*  with  amiable  manifestations  of 
incredulity,  remarks:  "Assuming  the  printed 
statements  of  the  results  of  an  analysis,  by  Dr. 
Jas.  B.  Chilton,  to  be  correct,  the  saline  ingre- 
dients of  this  water  are  in  a  singularly  large 
proportion,  and  this,  too,  of  certain  salts,  which 
are  far  from  being  common,  still  less  abundant,  in 
mineral  springs.  A  pint  of  the  water  is  repre- 
sented to  hold  in  solution  6'064'15gra  .isof  saline 
substances,  which  are  equal  to  nearly  five-sevenths 
of  the  watery  menstruum  in  which  they  are  dis- 
solved. In  other  words,  16  ounces  of  the  water 
hold  in  solution  rather  more  than  10^  ounces  uf 
saline  matter.  They  are  in  the  following  propor- 
tions, in  one  pint  of  water  ;  its  specific  gravity  at 
60°Fah.  being  10347  : 


*  Mineral  and  Thermal  waters  of  the  United 


mm 


ms 


States  and  I 


HiiUlJWPi 


ANAOA. 

!  8t.  Catharine's, 
of  thifl  vrater,  as 
T,  is  very  extra- 
statement  of  its 
rect,  and  the  water 
I  the  natural  water 
ities  in  which  its 
,  when  we  consider 
oexampled  in  the 

>  manifestations  of 
ming  the  printed 
n  analysis,  by  Dr. 
,  the  saline  ingre- 
singularly  large 
irtain  salts,  which 
I  less  abundant,  in 
le  water  is  repre- 
15gra  .isof  saline 
learly  five-sevenths 
hich  they  are  dis- 
nces  of  the  water 
bban  10^  ounces  uf 
I  following  propor- 
specific  gravity  at 


he  United   States  and 


MINBRAL  SPBUrOS  OF  CANADA. 


606 


Chloride  of  calclam 2050-40 

"      of  magnesium 1280-76 

"      ofaodium Wt-86 

Proto-chloride  of  hron 18-76 

Sulphateof  Ume.. 16-82 

Carbonates  of  lime  and  magneshi 2-06 

Bromade  of  magnesium > 

Iodide  of  magneeium J  *  *™**' 

Silica  and  Alumina 47 

(GrainB) 806415 

'*  According  to  this  analysis,  the  proportion  of 
chloride  of  calcium  (muriate  of  lime)  in  the  water 
is  a  little  more  even  than  that  which  is  found  in 
the  solution  of  this  salt,  directed  by  the  Pharma- 
copoeia of  the  United  States,  viz.:  one  part  of  the 
chloride  in  two  and  a  half  parts  of  the  solution." 
On  reading  a  little  further,  after  the  table  of  con- 
stituents of  this  water,  we  come  to  a  "  Card  to 
the  Public,"  in  which  we  learn  that  the  product 
of  the  artesian  well  is  subjected  to  a  certain  pro- 
cess of  depuration  and  evaporation,  and  that 
"that  part  which  is  composed  of  common  salt 
first  settles  and  is  removed ;  the  remainder  is 
dipped  into  vats  until  the  earthy  matter  subsides, 
and  then  bottled  off  without  any  drug  or  admix- 
ture whatever  being  added  thereto."  Dr.  Bell 
adds :  *'  One  thing  seems  to  be  certain,  that  the 
water  bottled  and  sent  away,  is  a  water  prepared 
from  that  of  St.  Catharine's  well,  but  not  the 
water,  the  direct  flow  from  the  vein  or  veins 


S06 


MIXBRAL  SPRfNOS  Of  OAVADA. 


'  Opened  by  Imring.'  He  further  adds,  in  proof  of 
the  wonderful  differonceit  in  the  strength  of  the 
saline  imprognationn  of  different  specimens  of 
this  water,  that  Mr.  J.  E.  Toung,  nn  intelligent 
chemist,  examined  a  specimen  of  this  water  left 
at  the  shop  of  Trofessor  Proctor,  of  the  Philadel- 
phia College  of  Pharmacy,  with  the  ussurnncc 
that  it  was  from  St.  Catharine's  well,  in  itA 
original  state,  with  the  following  resultii: — 
"Specific  gravity,  1.39U;  saline  contents  in  one 
ounce,  164  grains,  and  in  one  pint,  2.624  grains. 
This  last,  large  as  is  the  proportion,  is  only  a 
little  more  tliun  one-half  of  the  quantity  of  the 
salts  contained  in  a  pint  of  the  water  sent  to  Dr. 
Chilton  for  analysis." 

yARB.vNB8  SpRiNOi. — These  Springs  are  on  the  St. 
Lawrence,  seventeen  miles  below  lyiontreal.    Many 
years  ago  they  were  largely  resorted  to,  but  loss 
so  of  late  years,  and  probably  from  no  want  of 
merit  in  the  waters. 

There  are  two  springs  here,  called  the  Ocu  and 
the  Saline  Spring.  Both  springs  contain  iodide, 
chloride  and  bromide  of  sodium,  with  curbonateK 
of  soda,  strontia,  baryta,  lime,  magnoHia  and 
iron.  The  temperature  of  the  water  is  45°  to 
47°  Fah. 


Sr.  Leox  Sprixo — Is  a  Saline  Chalybeate,  similar 
in  its  general  character  to  the  springs  of  Yarennes, 


HMkiiiMMbiifa 


!jMiiiiiMfiiiiir''riiiiM«iM^  «<■«■ 


ffADA. 

adds,  in  proof  of 
)  strength  of  the 
nt  Rpocimena  of 
g,  nn  intelligent 
>f  this  water  left 
of  the  Philadel- 
h  the  asaurnnce 
e'a  well,  in  its 
wing  resultii : — 
contents  in  one 
nt,  2.624  grains, 
ortion,  is  only  a 
I  quantity  of  the 
iratcr  »ent  to  Dr. 


iigs  arc  on  the  St. 
lyiontreal.  Many 
rted  to,  but  loss 
from  no  want  of 

lied  the  Oas  and 
I  contain  iodide, 
,  with  curbonateK 
magnexia  and 


MINBRAL  flPRINCM  Or  OAKADA. 


607 


water  is  45°  to 


halybeate,  similar 
ingsof  Varennes, 


but  containing  more  iron.    It  emits  large  quanti- 
ties of  carburetted  hydrogen  gai. 

The  Plantaobket  Spring  derives  its  name  from 
the  township  in  which  it  is  situated.  It  is  near 
the  river  Ottawa.  It  resembles  in  the  general 
choracter  of  its  waters  the  St.  Leon  Spring. 

Caxtox  Spring.— This  Spring  is  found  in  Caxton 
township,  on  the  river  Yarnachiche.  It  resembles 
very  much  the  St.  Leon  ond  Plantagenet  Springs 
in  the  character  of  its  waters^  and  like  the  St. 
Leon,  evolves  largo  quantities  of  carburetted 
hydrogen. 


-.1 


I 


III  I  ylMii  mji^lffmilgtm 


wBtum^m^i 


?%' 


ybs,  237  and  239  Baltimore  Street, 
BALTIMORE,    MD. 

importers  %  jobbers  of  ^ibboitd 

OP    EVKBY    KIND. 

BONNET    SILKS    AND    SATINS, 

VELVET,  CRAPES,  ILLVSIOXS,  die. 

Straw   Bonnets    and    Flats, 

TRIMMED  STRAW  GOODS,  SHAKER  HOODS. 

FRENCH  &  AMERICAN  FLOWERS, 

OSTRICH  AND  OTHER  PLUMES, 
FBAMJE8    &    MILLINERY  ABTICLE8 

OF    KVCIIV    KIND. 


We  offer  a  Stock  unsurpassed  in  the  United 
States  in  variety  and  cheapness. 

Orders  solicited  and  prompt  attention  givei 


\UAtt  Tbomab  Macurmi  ft  Sons.] 
IMPORTCM  OF  AND  DCALKRS  IN 


'^ 


Coach  and  Saddlery 


No.  222  Baltimore  St. 


[KtUMUhe*  in  1S»8A 


altimore,  wd. 

HubHf 


»    ■■»    ' 


F«Uoe»i  Sadttte  Trees, 

Spoken,  Hheep  Skina,  *^^^Hna», 

Shoe  Thread.  Hog  Skin»,  Canvas, 

Saddlers*  Ha-«  J, 

Enameled  Leatlter,  Hamem  Leather, 

Carriage  Bolts,  Moss,  Bag  Leather, 
SHrrvps,  Tire  Bolts,  Whetls, 

Skirting,  Bits,  Varnish,  Jbe  ,  Sc. 

ALSO, 

All  Other  Articles  appertaining  to  the  Business. 


Receiving  by  every  Steamer  from  Liverpool  (England)  the 
Latest  Styles  of  Goods,  we  can  compete  with  any  House  in 
our  line  in  the  United  States. 


'"t  "Jtam 


.8.] 

CRS  IN 


^^ 


^ddlery 

iltimore  St. 
d. 


Hubgf 

Canvas, 

her, 

>M,  Bag  Leather, 

Vamishf  Se ,  Jtc, 

to  the  Business. 

crpool  (England)  the 
:  with  any  House  in 


|tfurt. 

-. >^"  »  < — \ ■ 

COLEMAN  «&  ROGERS, 

No.  173  Baltimore  Street, 

KMP  THBlMltTiB  AXWAT8  SOPPLIBD  WITH  THt  FOLWWIHO     . 

MINERAL  WATERS, 

SIBSOT  FBOM  THB  BPBINOB. 

To  which  they  are  constantly  adding  new  Waters  of  any  merit,  u 

they  are  introduced,  and  consumers  can  rely  upon  their 

Fbuhhus  and  Pobitt  : 

ST.  CATHARINE'S.  (Canada,)  MiaSISQUOI,  STAR, 

CONGRESS,  EMPIRE,  EXCELSIOR, 

WASHINGTON,  (Chalybeate,) 

HIGH  ROCK,  BEDFORD,  0 ',  i  ORCHARD  ACID, 

vicHt,  y 

KISSINOEN,  f      ABTiPrtut,  H.  SMitli'g, 

kiSSINOEN,  (Bitter,)    J 

SHARON  SULPHUR,  SELTZER,  (German,)  HEALING, 

ALLEGHANY,  ROOKBRIDGB  ALUM, 

BBDITORD  ALUM  AND  IODINE,  BLUB  LICK, 

GREENBRIER  WHITE  SULPHUR, 

COYNER'S  WHITE  SULPHUR,  AUGUSTA  ALUM. 


^isdMm 


'SKlltUt  JlHl|fJtttr  #BrittSjJ, 

CATAWBA    COUNTY,        ^  ,.:j. 


North  Carqlina. 


Xbe  «Prof>ritiur8  of  tMr  c-cUlirated  wnteriD|r-pl>ic«  baring  gone  to 
great  ex[K*nw  in  liaving  coiiiifirg  morrd,  walks  graded,  acd  a  large 
number  of  new  Luildincs  erected,  logeiber  with  other  iinprorementf, 
are  now  pivpaifd  to  accoraniudate  a  large  numticr  of  visitors,  pind 
vUl  open  the  Springs  fur  the  recrfiiion  of  the  same  on  the  First  DaV 

>0V  Jtm.  Being  siiuattrd  in  the  Norihwestrrn  part  of  the  Sifkte,  in 
fkill  view  of  the  mountains,  a  healthier  and  more  delightful  location 
is  not  to  be  found ;  and  for  beautiful  flowers,  shady  giores  and  walks, 
it  is  second  to  no  other  watering-place  South. 

The  Mineral  Waters  of  these  Springs  are  composed  of  White 
Salphur,  Blue  Sulphur  and  Chalybeate,  the  medical  properties  of 
which  stand  unrivaled,  and  any  number  of  cerilAoates  can  be  pro- 
duced testif\ing  to  their  health-restoring  qualities.  Our  rooms  are 
newly  furnished  with  new  mattresses,  linen  sheets,  Ac,  and  visitors 
ttiayrely  a|>oD  having  good  fare  nod  every  attenUon  paid  to 'their 
(comfort.  Persons  coming  to  the  Springs  from  Baltimore  or  Washing- 
ton, by  taking  the  early  train,  via  Richmond,  arrive  at  Salisbury  the 
same  evening,  where  they  will  find  good  accommadlitions  for  the 
night,  and  ihc  next  morninz  take  the  Statesville  and  Morgaaton 
Railroad,  and  arrive  at  the  Springs  in  time  for  dinner.  By  the  old 
Bff  Line  yirti  lesiw  liiliimore  in  the  afternoon,  take  th»  cars  the  neit 
nioraingat  Portsmouth,  Va.,  and  arrive  at  Salisbuiy  the  same  even- 
ing.   This  is  decidedly  a  pleasant  route,  and  you  can  procure  Throngh 

"Tickets on  the  Boat  and  haw  B:tg(rH)!e  checked  through  to  Salisbury. 
A  good  Brass  and  String  Bund,  cuniposcd  uf  the  best  performers,  will 
be  at  the  Springs  the  entire  season,  or  until  October,  and  visitors  may 
rdy  Upon  our  having  good  miisic. 

■A  good  Physician  will  be  at  the  Springs  the  entire  season,  and 
invalids  may  rely  upon  having  every  attention  paid  them. 
Board  by  the  month,  week  or  day,  reasonable,  and  fare  not  excelled. 

•  J.  GOLDEN  WTATT  &  CO, 

mOPBIXTOXtB, 


m0. 

VTY, 

h  Carqlina. 


r-pliice  having  gone  to 
ka  graded,  acd  a  large 
Ih  other  iinprorementf, 
umlicr  of  visitors,  pind 
Mime  on  the  First  DaV 
I  part  of  the  State,  in 
lore  delightful  location 
hady  giores  and  walks, 

«  composed  of  White 
i  medical  properties  of 
certifioates  can  be  pro- 
ilities.  Our  rooms  are 
iheets,  Ac,  and  visitors 
attenUon  paid  to 'their 
Baltimore  or  Washing- 
arrive  at  Salisbnrj  the 
crommadlitionB  for  the 
esville  and  Morganton 
for  dinner.  By  the  old 
I,  tftkei  tb»  cars  the  neit 
ttlisbuijr  the  same  even- 
Du  can  procure  Tbrongh 
d  through  to  Saliabury. 
he  best  performers,  will 
:tober,  and  visitors  may 

the  entire  season,  and 
1  paid  them, 
le,  and  fare  not  eicelled. 

NY  ATS  &  CO, 

MtOfBIXTOXlB, 


^®% 


MONROE  COUNTY,  ^ 


-♦—*«•■ — •- 


The  undersigned  would  respectfully  inforift  his  friends  and 
the  public  that  he  has  taken  the  above  famous  and  salubrious 
WATMINO  PUACt.  and  that  it  will  be  opened  for  the  recep- 
tion of  Visitors  on  the  FIFTtMTH  OF  JOl«.  with  every 
appointment  and  attraction  to  render  it,  u  heretofore.  'He 
most  desiQible  Summer  Resort  in  the  United  States. 

He  need  only  refer  to  those  who  have  known  his  previous 
career  as  a  caterer,  to  have  his  asfurance  believed  that  the 
cuisint,  cellars,  attendance  and  accommodations  will  be  un- 
surptocd. 

the  SwEBT  SraiNGS  are  approached  from  Washington  City 
by  the  Orange  and  Alexandria  and  Virginia  Central  R|U 
roads. 

Parties  desiring  to  make  arrange  T,ents  for  visiting  the 
Springs,  or  for  information,  should  address  the  undersigned, 

Stveet  Sprluff»,  Monroe  County, 

WeO,  Virginia. 

UAMBB  OABROX.L, 


vHM«ri»  SubQitkers  andl  9[tit(antf t» 

?To.  ir4  Baltimore  Htp«*«<t,  Baltimore, 

HA  VB  JV8T  PUBLISHED: 

AmgATiaB  ON  rttACTvnxa  »f  nui  lowbb  xxtmxmmtt. 

Aim  TBM  VBJS  or  TMJB  ANTMBIOR  aUSi-BiraOltr  AFPA- 
JtATUa  th  <*•  TMEATMKITT  Or  TUOaX  INJVHIEa.  I%Mit 
Jtttuttmtei  ty  Cut*  and.  IHm0rmms  i  tugHhrr  with  JTrnmerotu  tMstr 
J%irml»kml  »y  mn«Men<  AtiryoMM.  BIT  fHUFEaaOR  S  ATM  AN  X. 
BMITH,  •fthm  VHiveruUg  of  MmtiflaHti,  I  voKSrc.  printed  on  toned 
paper,  and  atrongly  bound  in  cloth,  bereled  bonrdn.    Price  63.UO. 

HONNBTAZ.    A  Tale  of  Paris  in  the  Days  of  St.  Vinrent  de  Paul.  :  By- 
Rev.  W.  H.  Anderdon.    ISmo.  cloth.  |t.0O.    Cloth,  fuU  gilt,  ti.W. 
"AaToma  ••  Boaiiavib  pretents  us  with  a  nurioiw  narrative  of  STenta 
ocoonriDR  in.and  neAr  Paris  in  the  days  of  tne  Fronde,  depicted  under  the 
alluring  form  of  romance:  the  author— thoroughly  versed  in  the  history  of 
that  period,  and  u*ing  his  story  simply  as  h  vehicle  for  illustrating  the 
manners  and  morals  prevailing  at  that  day— furni»hes  us  with  a  serws  of 
portraits  of  the.great  men  who  swayed  the  destinies  of  France  during  the 
earlier  portions  of  Louis  XI  V's  reign.        •••••• 

*  *  This  bo-ilc  presents  the  remarkable  aspect  of  romance  utterly 

devoid  of  even  an  allosion  to  love.  To  the  reader,  unlearaed  yet  interested 
in  the  history  of  these  stirring  times,  the  knowledge  acquired  under  this 
amuslBgfbrm  will  be  most  welcome;  and  should  nis  sympathies  be  enlisted 
in  the  Inlcrests  of  Catholicism  the  attraction  will  be  greatly  enhanoed.  The 
liberality,  however,  of  the  writer's  views,  and  the  absence  of  all  religioua 
animosity,  will  render  his  work  acceptable  to  those  dilTering  trom  mm  in 
betleC"— Amm)  TabU. 

mnOXWORTWa  XARLT  LXaaONa.  By  .Vlss  Mama  EMtiroara. 
,6  vols.,  cloth,  il,it5.  This  Series  is  cpmposeil  of  the  following  bopk*. 
Matly  patkedin  ix  box:  "Prank."  "Sequel  to  Frank."  "Rosamond.** 
"  Harry  and  Lucy.*^    **  Harry  and  Lucy  Concluded." 

KLKMMNTa  dSr  UKOMBTM '  •  By  A.  H.  I^gendre.  With  Addii  ions 
and  Kodiflcatlons  (ly  M.  A.  Blanchet,  Eleve  of  the  Polytecfanio  Sehool; 
t>ireelor  of  iHudies  of  St.  Barbe.  Translated  ftrom  the  Eteventh  PVenefc 
edition,  by  Franolp  U.  *-mith.  A.  M.,  Superintendent  and  ProfMaor  of 
Mathematics  In  the  Virginia  Bfllitary  Institute,  Lexington,  Va 
The.  present  translation  is  from  the  last  French  edition  of  Ijsgendra^  witk 
addition*'  and  mtMUScations  by  M.  A-  BUufttet,  an  eleve  vf  the  SeoU  BH^ 
(edMoM,  and  director  of  studies  otSnMt-Bmht. 

M.  Bhutehtt  has  materially  improved  the  original  teat  of  Legendre,  not 
iontSr  in'Mie  general  arrangemrntof  the  work,  but  in  the  simple  dembnstra- 
tions  he  has  given  for  the  measures  of  the  eirtit,  0/Hiidtr,  eont  and  qvAsre. 
ValiMMe  Apii«ndta«»  are  also  added,  embracing  TVbs  Thtorn  o/  TWnwesrsab  ; 
The  POU  niM  /War  Xtos ;  Harhtaun  Ptguni  utidtr  n  gieen  Perinuter  t  together 
with  oopious  examples,  for  the  exercise  of  the  student,  in  the  demonttra* 
iioB  ofThiBoi«ms  aadjn  the  solution  of  Geometrical  Problems. 

Thia  tnuMlation  of  Blanchet's  edition  of  Legendre's  tieometty  constitutes 
one  of  the  Mathematical  Series  of  the  VtrgitSa  Milttar)/  IntU'uU.  The  fol* 
lowing  works,  embraced  in  this  series,  have  already  been  published: 

amtflt*0  XMroelMetonr  .^ArlMmcMe,  for  the  use  of  Beginners 10  4& 

BrnMi't  ArUkmtHe,  /ur  the  use  of  Schools  and  Academies .0  71V 

amtMifs  Knn»  *'«• 0«> 

amMk'a  Alf/'*rm,    A  now  edition,  enlarged  12mo S  0» 

iSi«ttfc>«  t  ii,V»  AmtigHeat  Orvmetrn g  so 

SUtit  atrpt  <i*  i'Wmek.    Being  an  Introduotinn  to  the  French  Lan- 

Siage.    By  P.  F.  de  (iournay,  late  of  New  Orleans,  La.    Square  16mo., 
oth , 0  6» 


Baltimore, 
ED: 
WBH  XXrmXMMTT, 

r/»j*cjr«ojtr  afpa- 
iitjVHMBa.   jnaiif 

with  Vmmevoma  Omser 
'BHSOK  HATMAH  S. 

ol.  8r<-.  printed  on  tuned 
dH.    PHce  93.00. 

Bt.  Vinrnnt  de  Paul.  By 
,  fiiU  Kilt,  «.>.0<). 
louM  narrative  of  •vents 
ide,  depicted  under  the 
veriwd  In  the  hialorjr  of 
tide  for  llluatratlDg  the 
»hea  UH  with  a  seriea  of 
ea  of  France  during  the 

apeot  of  romanoe  utterly 
onlearMd  yet  interested 
dge  acquired  under  thia 
la  aynipathies  be  enlisted 
e  greatly  enhanced.  The 
i  abaence  of  all  religioua 
se  differing  A-om  him  in 


MIsa  Ma«u  EeetwoBTR. 
of  the  following  bool^*, 
Frank."    "  Roaamond.'* 
id." 

igrndre.  With  Addiliona 
the  PolyteHinio  Beltool; 
on*  tlie  Kieventb  Pkendk 
>ndent  and  Profesaor  of 
Lexington,  Va^ 
>dition  of  I^gendre^  witk 
elm  wf  the  KcoU  Pol^ 

al  text  of  Legendre,  not 
n  the  simple  dem6nstra- 
cgHndtr,  eont  and  ti^urt. 
h»  Thtorn  of  TWniMtraafa  ; 
givtn  Perimeter;  together 
ident,  in  the  demonttra- 
al  Problems. 

re's  iileometry  constitutes 
ibtarv  Iiwti'ute.  The  fol- 
ly been  published: 

}f  Beginners 10  4& 

Loademies lO  TIV 

oe» 

SCO 

••••  •'... sso 

to  the  Fiench  Lan- 
I,  La.  Square  lOmo., 
•  • , 0  6» 


ii 


"Wa  ha«s  ssea  ••  AaerisM  r»»m  hw  Tears  layeri*'  t*  It."-'-*"'  «■  Le**. 
JUST  FUBUSNKO»THt  ORIAT  SOUTHBUN  POIM, 

BBEGHENBROOK^^' 

A  RHYME  or  THS  WAm, 
BT  MBS.  MABOABBT  1.  PBItTOH.  OF  UXOrOTON.  VA. 

An  EatiBsi.T  Nsw  Editiok.  BsADTirDLLT  Illuitsatid  raoit  Diaioiia  ar 
William  L.  Shkppabd,  or  KirMMONO,  Va.  SHAtL  4to.,  Boiino  in  Fihc 
Cloth,  Oilt  Eaosa,  fSJW.  Moancco  Aktiqdk,  96.00.  Taia  EoiTiea  or 
THia  aoiT  CKLKsaATSD  PoKM  la  uoTTSN  nr  is  BsAUTiruL  8tvl>,  and  is 

NOT    lOBPAKaliD     BV   ANT  or  THB    BooKI  IfSOID   raOM  THB    PBE««   OP  THB 

NoBTaiBN  CiTim.  Also,  Now  Rbadv— a  Chbap  Editiob.  Sbvicnth 
THOoaAND,  I3ho.,  Cloth,  Bbvblbd  Boabdi— Pbicb  tl.VS.  ClotU,  Qilt 
EoosD,  4I.75.    Bbnt  Fbbb  by  Mail  on  Rickipt  or  Pricb. 

NoticeM    of  the    Preaw. 

A  p«Mi'4h«f'a  printed  entliniue  nf  (he  nalp  nf  hU  puMlcallona  U  Ufuslly  loaie- 
wlMt  Imaginative ;  to  ate  '  tadbare  but  aervlefiable  quotation,  "The  wish  la 
often  Duhcr  to  the  th"'  <>  .  Yet,  In  this  riue,  we  we  no  reawin  to  doubt  the- 
entire  verarity  of  Mew  illy  k  Plet  in  announrini  "  AlUi  thouaaiid  '>  on  the 

tilla  Bag'  «f  this  vnlHiiie.  t  la  one  which,  we  should  Judfe,  would  be  immensely 
pepalar  among  the  peopiv  fur  whom  it  wms  written,  and  to  whose  aectional  pride 
and  arejudioea  It  appeala  In  more  waya  than  one  In  all  reapecta  It  la  essentially 
lUwrn,  and|  ia  moat,  it  hi  praliewonliy.    In  two  points  particularly  they  ebal- 


Soatbefn,  audi  ia  moat,  it  hi  praliewonliy 

leage  Boatbera  admiration ;  (n  the  Urat  wscie,  they  are  not  absolutely  trash,  which 
li  qalte  an  advance  on  the  majority  of  Buutbern  verse ;  aad  In  the  aecomi  plaee, 
ihMr  merit  ia  even  aafllclent  to  dimly  fttreahadow  a  time  when  the  Bunny  South 
ahall  achieve  ioteilectaal  emancipation  in  a  literature  of  Ita  own,  and  be  n» 


longer  depeadcnl  on  New  Engtapd  fbr  poetry  as.  well  aa  piety,  polltiea  and  prima. 
To  the  aulli9r*s  own  people,  iherelbie,  unjaded  as  yet  by  the  worship  of  ma 
literary  idols,  her  booli  must  be  peculiarly  (rateftil ;  even  we  of  the  North  who- 


sie  net  taiated  by  that  sombre  laaatieism  that  sees  ao  good  in  Nasaretb,  amy 
Had  ia  it  mMeh  t»  admire  and  apataad  Tlie  verse  ia  graceful  and  Bowiag,  and 
the  iBBgaage  and  sentiment  prove  the  author  to  be  a  lady  of  reAned  and  cultivated 
UMe.  The  story  of  IfrscAs-ilfeek— a  sinry  BuurnAilly  trite  to  thuusaiidsaf  aching' 
hearts— is  simply  and  grsceAilly  told,  and  some  uf  the  ahorter  poema  interaperaed — 
Ualya  Priaotaand  ■<■<»  a  «■»<*— are  not  without  pathos.— 7*«  iloaail  TaUe. 

We  regarii  the  poem  aa  one  of  very  cimslderable  merit,  and  at  times  tile  au-- 
Ihoreaa  aoara  In  the  hMieal  atraina  of  martial  poetry. 

The  diif«  of  Ashby  la  one  ef  the  moal  buautifUi  and  touching  elegiac  einiaiona 
we  have  ever  read. 

The  ihvlbM  Is  Aallless,  and  la  regard  to  lu  poetical  excellence,  the  ''Chvga- 
of  the  Ugkt  Brigade"  was  not  conceived  in  a  higher  spirit  of  iasplratinn. — 
GbMeuTillrver. 

The  landeBilltlle  volume  "Beeekenbrook"  is  a  poem  with  a  smooth  veniflca- 
tion.  Oeeasioaally  there  are  psisagss  of  pathos  and  tenderness  that  almost  liaa 
to  power,  the  death  of  MePhersun  IW  instance.— #.  T,  Day  Bseik. 

As  a  souvenir  of  the  war,  as  well  as  Ibr  its  aMny  IKCrary  merits,  this  vohnM- 
will  eajoy  a  p4rmanent  popularity. — Kldttaend  IFUg. 

Its  perusal  will  doabileaa  evoke  many  tcara  of  Ibnd  and  proud,  tbonah  aKNini- 
Ad  rcBMaibraac^  ftvm  hearta  whose  yeamiaga  are  alill  Ibr  liie  nowe  dead.— 

Beechenbrook  ia,  as  It  proAsses  to  be,  a  Boutheni  Rhyme  of  the  late  war> 
and,  of  eourae,  a  tale  of  aungied  enlhiubum  and  sorrow.  It  is  IWI  of  a  naMral 
patiias  which  will  molsteu  many  eyes. — Malto.  OejsaM*. 

A  touchlug  poem  descriptive  of  woman's  sacriAce  and  suAbring,  and  dedicated 
to  every  Soulliem  woman  who  has  been  widowed  by  the  war.  It  will  be  read 
with  iaterest  aad  And  maav  sympathetic  responsesj  especially  in  tluu  seetioa  in 
has  been  but  too  nequent.  ' 


which  kindred  experience 
the  handsome  manner  in  « 
production,  and  rcAecting  the  highest  credit  on  the  publishers 


It  la  a  pleasure  in  nibr  to 
the  handsome  manner  in  which  the  book  is  gotten  up,  being  entirely  a'Bal 


KELLY  &  PIET,  Printers  ind  Publiihtra, 

N«.  11*  Ualtlaaore  M(«et,  BaltlMin*. 


.^O*  «  «»'4^^ 


OENBBAL 


%mntwsiu  %%tni%  vm^  %xBhtt%, 


^ 


©7  ^^^ 


JlUTMOMiaSO  RBrsmSNOBMt 

Wm.  JteniM  »  Co.       Modget  nrether;      Jrmtronot  Cmt&r  dt  Co. 

JtanUI  MfOer  Jt  Co.  jmhor  Mrothero  *  Co. 

1».  Jf.  XMew,  Bto  Jt  Co.  B*M,  AtUnmm  *  Co. 

Jlenry  JT.  Wm^UUl  *  Co.  WoodwrO,  JtaMMto  *  Co. 

r.  B.  iMtew  Jt  Co. 


>    m»m    t 


Bring  Genera)  Intuiance  Broken  oa  well  u  Agents,  we  are  enabled 
to  effect  Ell. kind*  of  Insurance  (Life,  Fire,  M»rine  an4  Accident) 
in  firat-BtaitConipanlee— Local  or  Foreign— o<  the  Umtd  eurrmt 
nUti.  Parlie*  Insuring,  incor  no  additional  cost  by  placing  their 
buiaMS  in.onr  bands,  bat  art  sated  much  time  and  tronUa,  and 
f^ie«id  «r  the  reiponsibllitf ,  which  we  assuQW  when  tb«  placing  of 
{naitKMica  ie  entrniled  to  our  judgment.  As  to  our  facilitiea  for 
making  a  judicious  choice  of  Companies,  and  our  desire  to  faUhfully 
represent  the  ioteresu  con^ded  lo  us,  we  respectfully  refer  to  onr 
patrons,  wfaose  names  appear  oh  our  card.  Business  can  beefltected 
through  correspondene*  whb  o«r  office  as  well  as  by  personal  appll^ 

cation. 

'    XirM   IHSVltAlTCS'. 

Our  friends  out  of  the  city,  interested  in  Life  Insurance,  can  be 
esfrolned  by  »  local  physician  In  good  standing,  by  whom  applloa- 
tions  ««;h  lie  forwarded  to  our  Offit*.  Insurance  Pamphlets,  Circulars, 
Ac,  furnished  to  nil  parties  desiring  Information. 


THB 


<*. 


BNoma  t 

mtatrmtg,  C»l»r  A  Co. 

tmther*  S  Cu. 

HTwU,  AtMmtmt  *  €•. 


A  genu,  we  are  rmiblcd 

Marine  sdjI  Accidtnt) 

-at   the   ImMd  currnt 

I  (iqst  bjr  placing  their 
time  and  trouble,  tad 
M  whan  tb0  pUwing  of 
LB  to  our  faclliUei  for 
our  desire  to  faithfully 
npe^trnlly  refejr  to  our 
lusinen  can  beeflfected 

II  as  by  personal  appli'^ 


Life  Insurance,  can  be 
ling,  by  whom  applica- 
e  Pamphlets,  Circulars, 
on. 


BALTIMORE  GAZETTE, 

.*^'^     BALTIMORE,    MD, 

FUBltSHED  DAILY  AND  TRt-WEEtClY 


AT 


No. 


lOa    WKSHX   BAtiXlMOKHJ   HX. 


TKUMS: 
DA1t.r—Oiui  Year  $0i  «to  Mmttha  $4JMt  Three  Moniha  $»Jie. 


TMI-WMBLT, 


91 


a.ooi 


IMO. 


-•••- 


TBI  BALTiiioas  UJiisrti,  a  iMding  CommorcUl  Paper,  U  «ho  iucceisor  of 
TBI  Daiit  Esobamoi,  well  known  for  the  bold  and  fenrlen  manner  in  which 
It  oppoted  coercion,  intll  Its  tditors  were  iinprlioneil,  and  tlic  paper  ttaelf 
siippreMied.  tai  0*i»tti  hold*  to  the  opinions  of  Tat  EioBAaos.  It» 
reputation  i*  larger,  its  influence  wider.  It  i«  an  independent  paper,  repro. 
senting  fairly  and  openly  the  »lew«  of  the  people  of  Maryland.  It  la  a  flrrt 
clasa  Commereial  Paper,  ila  reporU  being  apeoially  and  completely  pre- 
pared by  a  most  experienced  and  eminent  reporter. 

An  compared  with  other  city  papers  of  the  eame  »i«c,  it  has  the  largcat 
circulation  in  Maryland  and  the  Southern  States;  ha»  decidedly  the  largest 
adrertising  patronage,  and  is  the  Bent  Adrerttatmff  MeMnm, 


P.  B.  &@1IF@¥  &  ®@>< 


IHPOBTEBS  OF 


240  Baltimore  Street, 


nuKOU  n.  unrar. 
Boaamv  a  nxunr. 

nXUBPH  V.  KXIOTT. 

joHK  a.  Koamn. 


} 


9A£Viii^mi, 


[HP" 
ij 


it 


_^ 


HULl,  ATKINSON  &  CO. 

^o.  ;?tf«  Baltimtn'e  Street, 


Kiar  CoNiTAliTLV  on  IUro  a  L**ai  a«b  V*«iit»  (took  or 

FOREIGN  AND  DOMESTIC 


To  which  they  invite  the  attention  of  CASH  and 
PROMPT  bnyerg. 


M*^-     « 


THEY  ARE  PREPARED  TO  COMPETE  WITH  ANY  MARKET. 


»    m*m    ■ 


'  Obdbm  loUciled,  which  will  b«  filled  with  promptncM  and 


6d«Uty. 


ROBIST  HOLL, 

SAii't  HniTn, 
S.  Hauu  IIorKin, 


Tbos.'  W.  Atkmioii, 
Wm.  J.  HotL,  ■ 
Fud'kS.  Bbowk. 


&  GO. 

mU  §a\m 

street. 


t  V*«iit»  f  TOOK  or 


DOMESTIC 

ityn  of  CASH  and 


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GROVER  &  BAKER'S 


Were  iwtrded  the  Higheit  Premiumi  «t  the  State  Faiit  of 

JVKir   rOBK,    VERMONT,   SKW  .ir.HSm,   I'ENmVLVJXIA, 

OHIO,   ISDIANA,   MUHlOAy,    WISCOXSIS,   IOWA, 

KKSTVCKY,    TKSSKaSBB,    MlHSOVRl, 

AtAHAMA,  MlHSinSIPl't,  riHOMSlA, 

NORTH  CAROLiyA,  CALltOBfriA.  ORKOOy, 

*r  TiiK  r»iiii  "'  ""'* 
J. .....<«•»    I„»m»f,    rmnMtn    Jn»tHute,    MHfUtnma    XhsIUhI; 

Ht    Loult  AarleultHrnt  «»'«  Merhanlrt'  AimorMtoH, 

London,  Parii,  Dublin,  Linz,  Besancon,  Bayonne.St  Duier,  Chtlont 

And  they  hiive  b«en  fUrni.hcd,  by  ipectal  commiinrt,  lo  the 
«.».«  af  Fmum.  KBipr...  of  AM«rta.  BmprcM  t  RnMta, 

^-♦♦-•— : ■ 

The  OaOVE*  k  BAKER  «I,A9TIC-8TITCH   SEWING  MACIIINEfl  a«. 

•  OPIItlOK  TO    A1.I.  OTKIH.   F0«  TH«   rOLLOW.KO   R.AiOHi  < 

much jreWr  variety  of  X'Vmachlne/lTmurmore  Urn..  elM»ic  .nd  duraWe. 
,/^t-l^r.fc  ;l;S.eh";2$«irt^?  w!:.i'id  .«-  .roXh.«  any  other 

'"i'^Th..  ,UU=h,  owing  to  the  "|«-"  {".J'ilil  ^  SSJln'.' WimplTt'i 
i.  m^  t«l«  mo.t  »^"|X??*  Si  walhed  and  ironT  until  the?.n,'wo«  out. 
bmuw,  «ven  upon  *S^''*''*';^^'!l*^>Z^tt,  though  It  bi  cut  or  Woken  at  ln»r- 

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